Discriminant Construct Research Articles

Validation of the Dutch translation of the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale for non-REM parasomnias in a 1-year and 1-month version.

We created a Dutch version of the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale (PADSS), which assesses non-rapid eye movement (NREM) parasomnia symptoms over the past year (PADSS-year). This questionnaire was previously validated in patients with sleep walking and/or sleep terrors (SW/ST). We validated the questionnaire in SW/ST patients, and in a broader population, including patients with confusional arousals, comorbidities, and medication users ("other NREM parasomnias"). Furthermore, we introduced a version covering the past month (PADSS-month), with the potential purpose of evaluating symptom evolution and treatment response. We compared PADSS scores among 54 SW/ST patients, 34 age-matched controls, and 23 patients with other NREM parasomnias. We evaluated discriminative capacity, internal consistency, and construct validity. Furthermore, we assessed the test-retest reliability and treatment response of PADSS-month. Healthy controls scored significantly lower than both patient groups. We found an excellent diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve PADSS-year 0.990, PADSS-month 0.987) and an acceptable internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis identified 3 components: "behaviors outside the bed," "behaviors in/around the bed," and "violent behaviors," with the former 2 factors reflecting the distinction between SW and ST. PADSS-month showed an acceptable test-retest reliability (0.75). Additionally, PADSS-month significantly decreased after pharmaceutical and/or behavioral treatment. This change was correlated with the clinical impression of the caregiver, implying that PADSS-month is sensitive to treatment effects. The Dutch PADSS questionnaire can be used as a screening tool in a broad population of patients with NREM parasomnia, not only SW/ST. Furthermore, we validated a PADSS-month version to assess the evolution of symptoms and treatment effect. van Mierlo P, Hermans L, Arnulf I, Pijpers A, Overeem S, van Gilst M. Validation of the Dutch translation of the Paris Arousal Disorders Severity Scale for non-REM parasomnias in a 1-year and 1-month version. J Clin Sleep Med. 2022;18(4):1135-1143.

Task‐free functional networks related to emotion processing in frontotemporal lobar degeneration

AbstractBackgroundNonverbal communication is a crucial aspect of interpersonal relationships, and defective emotion recognition can lead to altered social interactions. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between emotion processing and resting‐state functional connectivity (RS‐FC) in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD).Method80 FTLD patients and 65 age‐matched healthy controls underwent brain 3.0 Tesla MRI [3DT1‐weighted and RS‐functional MRI (RS‐fMRI)] and neuropsychological assessment, including the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS). FLAME models in FSL were performed between each emotion construct and RS‐FC changes within crucial networks.ResultFTLD patients performed worse than controls in all CATS‐subtests. In controls, a high performance at the emotion naming and emotion matching constructs was related with increased RS‐FC within the cerebellar network, and a high performance at the emotion discrimination construct was related with increased RS‐FC of the right occipital face area (OFA) within the visuo‐associative network. In FTLD patients, high performances at the emotion naming construct were related with increased RS‐FC of the bilateral OFA within the visuo‐associative network and the bilateral frontal pole within the default‐mode‐network, whereas high performances at the emotion matching construct were related with increased RS‐FC of the left OFA within the visuo‐associative network. Finally, in FTLD patients, high performances at each emotional construct were related with decreased RS‐FC within the basal ganglia network.ConclusionIn healthy controls and FTLD patients, the RS‐FC within crucial networks is related to different constructs of emotion processing. In FTLD, the RS‐FC associated with emotional performances involved a large number of brain regions, likely due to brain functional specificity loss and compensatory attempts. These findings offer potential markers for detecting functional vulnerability linked to social interactions. Disclosures. Supported by the Italian Ministry of Health (GR‐2013‐02357415); European Research Council (StG‐2016_714388_NeuroTRACK).

Reliability and validity of the Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (HFMS V1.0) in Chinese people

ObjectiveTo investigate the reliability and validity of Healthy Fitness Measurement Scale Version 1.0 (HFMS V1.0) for different population cohorts in the city of Guangzhou, Guangdong, China and to provide evidence...

Examining the World Health Organization’s WHOQOL-BREF: assessing the structural and convergent validity in a general U.S. sample

ABSTRACT Psychometric exploration of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire—BREF (WHOQOL-BREF, WHOQOL Group, 1998) is warranted. The role of life satisfaction in health and social outcomes, variations within and across populations surrounding quality of life, and the potential influence of social and political changes since the development of the measure beget assessment of the structural and construct validity of the WHOQOL-BREF in a general U.S. population. We examined the reliability, convergent and discriminant construct validity, and multiple-fit indexes of both first-order and second-order models of the measure using a convenience sample of U.S. adults obtained through Prolific© (n = 302). Mean scores were lower than scores reported among several inter-national and U.S. samples and reflect values parallel to that of unhealthy or patient populations. Fit indexes indicate the second-order model of the WHOQOL-BREF outperforms the first-order model (χ2/df = 485/242 = 2.00; NFI = .89; NNFI = .94; CFL = .94; and IFI = .94). Also, a large number of floor and ceiling effects were also observed indicating limitations with capturing respondents’ life satisfaction and potential concerns with validity. Limitations related to response patterns are highlighted and recommendations for future research with underrepresented groups and the use of cognitive interviewing are indicated.

The Construction of Discrimination Against the Shi'a Community in Sampang, Madura: A Religious Structural Violence Perspective

Abstrak: Paper ini mengkaji kekerasan terhadap komunitas Syiah di Sampang, Madura yang menjadi isu laten dan sangat mungkin akan terjadi di tempat dan waktu yang lain. Paper ini mengeksplorasi produksi media dalam masyarakat yang mengkonstruksi dan mendiskriminasi minoritas agama serta peran otoritas keagamaan di Sampang, Madura. Paper ini didasarkan pada penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dan empiris dengan memanfaatkan teori Johan Galtung dan memadukannya dengan analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough. Paper ini menemukan bahwa wacana terhadap Syi’ah sebagai sistem kepercayaan sesat di Sampang Madura diproduksi oleh media. Otoritas agama mengambil cukup peran untuk mendukung dan menyebarkan wacana ini ke berbagai kelompok sosial. Dari kajian yang telah dilakukan juga ditemukan bahwa terdapat kekerasan kultural dan struktural terhadap komunitas Syi’ah di Sampang Madura dalam wujud diskriminasi, intimidasi dan kekerasan.Abstract: The paper examines the violence against the Shi'a community in Sampang, Madura. It is a latent issue and is highly likely to occur in different contexts. The paper also explores media production in the society that constructs and discriminates against religious minorities and the role of religious authorities in Sampang, Madura. The paper is mainly based on qualitative research through literature and empirical studies, utilizing Johan Galtung's triangulation of violence theory and Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. The results indicate that the discourse on Shi'a as a dissenting group in Sampang, Madura, is produced by the media. Religious authorities play an essential role in supporting and spreading the discourse to various social groups. The study also highlights cultural and structural acts of violence to the Shi'a community in Sampang through discrimination, intimidation, and violence.

Abstract No. 150 Development and validation of a health-related quality-of-life measure for vascular malformations: the PROVAM questionnaire

Quality-of-life and patient-reported outcome measures have become a major focus of clinical and outcomes assessments. The purpose of this study was to develop a valid Patient Reported Outcome Measure for Vascular Malformation (“PROVAM”) questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life in patients with vascular malformations (VAMs) before and after treatment. We developed and validated PROVAM using a mixed-methods design during an IRB-approved, prospective clinical trial at a VAM clinic. The pilot instrument consisted of 30 items (26 Likert-type response scale, 4 free-response) across domains including pain, social and emotional well-being, functional impact, and treatment. Functional impact items were specific to VAM anatomic location (head and neck or torso and extremities). Two items were included in the test battery to assess questionnaire relevance and ease of understanding. The questionnaire was implemented in the clinical setting from July 2019 to February 2020 to obtain evidence for reliability and construct validity of items and scales. To evaluate reliability, internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha. Factor analysis, and convergent and discriminant validity testing were used to assess construct validity. Responsiveness was evaluated using patients with both pre- and post-treatment questionnaires, with the hypothesis that total score would decrease post-treatment. 108 patients with VAM (median age 18 years; 58% female) completed a total of 130 questionnaires. All subscales including pain, emotional and social well-being, and functional impact, had Cronbach’s alpha coefficients > = 0.79. These dimensions were confirmed by factor analysis (P< 0.001). 25 of 26 Likert-type response questions were shown to be valid with good convergent and discriminant construct validity. In a subset of patients who completed PROVAM pre- and post-treatment (median follow up 10-weeks; n = 13), there was a significant decrease in total score (P = 0.036). Participants found survey questions easy to understand (median score 5 [IQR 4-5] on 5-point Likert-type scale) and relevant (median score 4 [IQR 3-5]). Preliminary data support the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the 30-item PROVAM instrument to measure health-related quality of life in patients with VAMs.

A Brief Negotiation Interview Adherence Scale for Smoking Cessation: A psychometric evaluation

Practitioner adherence to the Brief Negotiation Interview (BNI) for high-risk alcohol consumption and opioid use disorder can be measured using the BNI Adherence Scale, for alcohol (BAS-A) and opioids (BAS-O), respectively. However, no psychometrically validated brief intervention adherence scale for smoking cessation has been reported in the literature. Our objective was to develop and examine the psychometric properties of a BAS for smoking cessation (BASS). In the context of a clinical trial of the BNI in an emergency department (ED)—which incorporates motivational interviewing (MI), feedback, and behavioral contracting—plus nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and a Smokers' Quitline referral and brochure (BNI), compared with brochure-only (control), we developed and examined the psychometric properties of the BAS-S, a scale that requires raters to answer whether each critical action of the BNI was implemented. Three independent raters rated three hundred and eighty-eight audio-recorded BNI sessions. The results indicated that the BAS-S had excellent internal consistency, and discriminant validity, inter-rater reliability, and construct validity. The following 3-factor (10-item) solution accounted for 43% of the variance: factor 1, “Feedback,”, factor 2, “NRT Motivation,” and factor 3, “Plan Negotiation.” The study found predictive validity for the Feedback factor, suggesting that patients who were provided feedback on the harms of their smoking were significantly less likely to achieve biologically confirmed 7-day tobacco abstinence at their 3-month follow-up than those who were not provided such feedback (p < 0.03). The BAS-S is a psychometrically valid measure of adherence to the BNI for smoking cessation.

Basic value orientations and moral foundations: Convergent or discriminant constructs?

This study examined the structural and genetic links between value orientations, based on the theory of basic values, and moral concerns, based on moral foundations theory. We hypothesized both structural and genetic convergence of Conservation (versus openness to change) with Binding foundations and of Self-transcendence (versus self-enhancement) with Individualizing foundations. We analyzed self- and informant ratings from 924 participants with extended multitrait-multirater modeling and ran twin model analyses on self-ratings from 555 twin pairs. For Conservation and Binding foundations, we found partial convergence across different rater perspectives and a substantial genetic overlap, but also distinct genetic factors. Self-transcendence and Individualizing foundations were found to be structurally divergent, but genetically linked. We discuss the conceptual and measurement-related implications of the findings.

Spoken language outcome measures for treatment studies in Down syndrome: feasibility, practice effects, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of variables generated from expressive language sampling

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate expressive language sampling (ELS) as a procedure for generating spoken language outcome measures for treatment research in Down syndrome (DS). We addressed (a) feasibility, (b) practice effects across two short-term administrations, (c) test-retest reliability across two short-term administrations, (d) convergent and discriminant construct validity, and (e) considered comparisons across the conversation and narration contexts. MethodParticipants were 107 individuals with DS between 6 and 23 years of age who presented with intellectual disability (IQ < 70). The utility of ELS procedures designed to collect samples of spoken language in conversation and narration were evaluated separately. Variables of talkativeness, vocabulary, syntax, utterance planning, and articulation quality, derived from transcripts segmented into C-units (i.e., an independent clause and its modifiers), were considered. A 4-week interval was used to assess practice effects and test-retest reliability. Standardized direct assessments and informant report measures were collected to evaluate construct validity of the ELS variables.ResultsLow rates of noncompliance were observed; youth who were under 12 years of age, had phrase-level speech or less, and had a 4-year-old developmental level or less were at particular risk for experiencing difficulty completing the ELS procedures. Minimal practice effects and strong test-retest reliability across the 4-week test-retest interval was observed. The vocabulary, syntax, and speech intelligibility variables demonstrated strong convergent and discriminant validity. Although significant correlations were found between the variables derived from both the conversation and narration contexts, some differences were noted.ConclusionThe ELS procedures considered were feasible and yielded variables with adequate psychometric properties for most individuals with DS between 6 and 23 years old. That said, studies of outcome measures appropriate for individuals with DS with more limited spoken language skills are needed. Context differences were observed in ELS variables suggest that comprehensive evaluation of expressive language is likely best obtained when utilizing both contexts.

Development and Validation of Learning Style Scale for E-Learners

The present study aimed to develop an indigenous measure of learning styles for e-learners in Pakistan and to establish its psychometric properties. The objectives of the study were attained via three studies. First, the items for the development of the Learning Style Scale for e-Learners (e-LSS) were generated empirically based on a 5-point Likert-type scale. In Study I, the internal consistency and dimensionality of the measure were determined by sampling 360 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years through a convenient sampling technique, whereas other demographic characteristics were kept in close consideration. For this purpose, exploratory factor analysis was utilized. In Study II of scale development, the factor structure that emerged in Study I was confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. In Study III, the convergent and divergent validities of the newly constructed scale were established by correlating scores with preestablished scale scores that assess the similar construct (i.e., LSS) and with scores on the discriminant construct (i.e., Solving Problems Survey). The sample for this study consisted of 80 e-learners aged from 20 to 40 years. A total of 29 items were confirmed in the final scale with 8 distinctive factors (namely, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, global, analytical, individual, collaborative, and technological type) with sound psychometric properties. To conclude, the newly constructed scale was a significant addition to assess learning styles particularly of e-learners in the context of Pakistan.

Validation of the Self Stigma of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale in a population of Colombian medical students

ObjectiveValidate the Self Stigma Of Seeking Help (SSOSH) scale in a population of students of a medical school for its use in Colombia. MethodsWe included 384 medical students from the city of Medellín. Initially, two direct translations were made, two back translation and one pilot test. The internal consistency, test-retest repeatability and structural, convergent, divergent and discriminative construct validity were then evaluated. ResultsA easy-to-understand and to fill out Spanish version was obtained. The internal consistency of the scale was adequate (Cronbach’s alpha = .80; 95%CI, .77–.83) as well as the test-retest repeatability (CCI = .77; 95%CI, .63–.86). The Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed a good fit with the one-dimensional structure (RMSEA = .073; IC90%, .056–.089; CFI = .968; TLI = .977; WRMR = .844). The convergent validity was supported by the correlation with the Public Stigma scales (ρ = .39) and Attitudes towards Seeking Help (ρ = –0.50) and the divergent validity with the Social Desirability scale (ρ = –0,05). When examining the discriminative validity, differences were found between the scores of those who would be willing to seek professional help when having a mental health problem and those who probably would not (Difference of means = 4.9; 95%CI, 2.99–6.83). ConclusionsThe Colombian version of the SSOSH is valid, reliable and useful for the measurement of the Self-stigma associated with seeking professional help in the university population of the Colombian health sector. Its psychometric properties must be investigated in populations of other programs and outside universities.

Psychometric characteristics of a Serbian translation of the unconditional self-acceptance questionnaire and the development of a short form

The Unconditional Self-Acceptance Questionnaire is extensively used in the assessment of one?s ability to evaluate their skills, actions, thoughts, and feelings, without a generalized evaluation of one?s worth or value. However, it has often been criticized for being contaminated with self-esteem items and, hence, theoretically incongruent. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the instrument and provided the first validation of the short Serbian adaptation of the USAQ. In Study 1 (n = 288), we examined the latent structure of the original USAQ translated to the Serbian language and found a three-factor solution, consisting of Conditional Self-Acceptance, Unconditional Self-Acceptance, and Attitudes About Human Worth. In Study 2 (n = 354), we sought to validate the shorter version of the scale. The twofactor solution, comprising Unconditional and Conditional Self-Acceptance, explained 51 % of the variance. Re-testing the two-factor structure on a different sample, the CFA revealed satisfactory fit indices. Apart from good internal consistency, the shortened scale showed comparable associations with appropriate convergent and discriminant constructs (e.g., explicit self-esteem, positive and negative state/trait affectivity, and the states of anxiety and depression), supporting the construct validity of the Serbian version. Further implications for research and therapeutic practice are discussed.

Preliminary Validation of the Global Neuropsychological Assessment in Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Volunteers.

We administered the Global Neuropsychological Assessment (GNA), an abbreviated cognitive battery, to 105 adults aged 73.0 ± 7.1 years, including 28 with probable Alzheimer's disease, 9 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and 68 healthy controls. We examined group differences in baseline performance, test-retest reliability, and correlations with other conventional tests. Healthy adults outperformed patients on all five GNA subtests. Test-retest intraclass correlation coefficients were significant for all GNA subtests. Among patients with healthy controls, GNA Story Memory correlated best with Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) Logical Memory for learning and delayed recall, GNA Digit Span correlated most highly with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition (WAIS-III) Digit Span, GNA Perceptual Comparison correlated most highly with the Trail Making Test, and GNA Animal Naming correlated most highly with Supermarket Item Naming. Preliminary findings suggest that the GNA shows good test-retest validity, clear convergent and discriminant construct validity, and excellent diagnostic criterion validity for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in an American sample.

RETRACTED: Construction of Chinese synonymous nouns discrimination and query system based on the semantic relation of embedded system and LSTM

Distributed Semantic Model (DSM) establishes their standards for expressing the meaning of words and sentences. DSM provides a quantitative measure of the two language representation is how closely related; it is not possible to automatically classify the different semantic relationships. Chinese semantic analysis methods and stacked two-way long in Word2Vec model, Long Short-Term Memory (stack LSTM) model. The Word2Vec model to capture the word's semantic features was transferred as a high-dimensional word vector and the first words and evaluated the performance of two typical Word2Vec model: Skip grams and Continuous Bag-Of-Words (CBOW). After that, it will use the LSTM models are stacked for feature extraction of continuous word vector. Therefore, the concept of similarity of meaning is not yet in the DSM. An effort to solve the problem of underspecification will introduce the evolution embedded system. Also, are a different kind of test of the career of automatic learning the words of these semantic relationships, will evaluate them both that there is no teacher in the teaching environment, the distribution model is, in many cases, in general, to find that it is possible to specify a high similarity score for its synonym, deep learning classifier is the best in recognition of semantic relationships.

Psychometric properties of the Work Limitations Questionnaire applied to nursing workers.

Objective:to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Work Limitations Questionnaire and to measure presenteeism in a sample of nursing workers.Method:a cross-sectional study, with non-probabilistic sampling. Data was collected between July 2018 and February 2019 in two high-complexity hospitals, and the sample was composed of 304 participants. The validity analysis of the Work Limitations Questionnaire was performed by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis.Results:most of the participants were women (88.5%), with a mean age of 40.9 years old. The validities of the factorial, convergent and discriminant construct and the reliability of the complete version and of the 16-item version of the instrument were adequate after adjusting the models to the sample. A statistically significant and negative correlation (p<0.001) was verified between the workload, working time and the Time Management and Physical Demands dimensions; as well as a statistically significant (p<0.001) correlation between working time and the Mental-Interpersonal Demands and Production Demands dimensions. Gender and professional category did not influence presenteeism. The rate of loss of productivity at work was 19.51%.Conclusion:the Work Limitations Questionnaire showed adequate validity and reliability and can be considered a valid and reliable instrument for assessing presenteeism in the nursing team.

Validation of the Hungarian Version of the SarQoL® Questionnaire and Its Association with the SARC-F Screening Tool.

Following the publication of a culturally adapted version of the original SarQoL® questionnaire in Hungarian language, we aimed to test its psychometric properties and its association with the SARC-F screening instrument. This cross-sectional validation study recruited elderly people from 2 nursing homes and an endocrinology clinic. All participants were screened for sarcopenia with the SARC-F tool, had their muscle mass measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis, as well as grip strength and gait speed. Sarcopenia was diagnosed with the EWGSOP2 criteria. Participants completed the SarQoL questionnaire, the SF-36, the EQ-5D and the EQ-VAS. Validation consisted of analyzing discriminative power, internal consistency, construct validity and floor- and ceiling effects. A multivariate regression model was used to evaluate the association between QoL, the SARC-F questionnaire, and a number of demographic and clinical variables. A total of 70 participants, aged 80.00 (68.50 - 82.50) years, were included. Discriminative power between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic subjects was found for all domains, except domain 7 (Fears) when dividing study population based on the SARC-F score. We also found significantly lower QoL for domains 4 (Functionality) and 5 (Activities of daily living) when splitting participants based on muscle strength (Probable sarcopenia - EWGSOP2 definition). All domains showed a strong or moderate correlation with the total SarQoL score. Conceptually similar domains of other generic QoL questionnaires significantly correlated with the total SarQol score, confirming its convergent validity. Low correlations were found with different domains (divergent validity). No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Using a regression model, the components "strength" and "stair climbing" of the SARC-F questionnaire were significantly associated with the QoL of our patients assessed with the SarQoL instrument. Sarcopenia risk assessed with the Sarc-F instrument was significantly associated with QoL measured with the SarQol questionnaire. High internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity and no floor and ceiling effects characterised the Hungarian language SarQoL® questionnaire. Due to some limitations, further multi-center designed studies are needed to verify the validity of the SarQol questionnaire.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish versions of Assessment of Children's Hand Skills and Children's Hand-Skills Ability Questionnaire in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

Assessment of Children's Hand Skills (ACHS) and Children's Hand-Skills Ability Questionnaire (CHSQ) are interconnected hand skills assessment tools that together contain parent questionnaire and observational assessment. With this quality, ACHS and CHSQ enable the therapist to obtain information about the child's real-life performances as well as to conduct a clinical observational assessment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish versions of ACHS and CHSQ in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). A total of 112 children with HCP between 2 and 12 years of age were included. All participants were subjected to ACHS, CHSQ, Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation (SHUEE) and ABILHAND-Kids. Convergent construct validity was investigated through analysing the relationship between ACHS and SHUEE and between CHSQ and ABILHAND-Kids. Discriminative construct validity was investigated through analysing the differences between genders for CHSQ and ACHS. For reliability, test-retest interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and internal consistency Cronbach's alpha were calculated and analysed. ACHS showed very strong relationships with SHUEE's spontaneous functional analysis (r = 0.86) and grip-release function (r = 0.86) parameters with a strong relationship with positional dynamic analysis (r = 0.78). CHSQ's leisure (r = 0.80), school/education (r = 0.75) and activities of daily living (r = 0.76) domains showed strong relationships with the ABILHAND-Kids. There was no difference between genders for ACHS and all domains of CHSQ (p > 0.05). All domains and total score of ACHS and CHSQ had perfect test-retest reliability (ICC > 0.90). ACHS had perfect internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.98); CHSQ had very high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.84). The Turkish versions of ACHS (ACHS-TR) and CHSQ (CHSQ-TR) are valid and reliable hand skills assessment tools in children with HCP.

Pengaruh Vanity Seeking, Purchase Experience, Dan Celebrity Endorser, Pada Minat Beli Ulang Dengan Sikap Terhadap Laneige Sebagai Variabel Mediasi

This research aims to determine: 1) the influence of vanity seeking on repurchase intention with attitude toward laneige as a mediating variable, 2) the influence of purchasing experience on repurchase intention with attitude towards laneige as a mediating variable, 3) the influence of celebrity endorser on repurchase intention with attitude toward laneige as a mediating variable. The population in this research is Laneige consumers who have already bought Laneige with a total sample of 96 respondents. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. The sampling technique used is convenience sampling. The validity test uses the construct validity test of convergent and discriminant constructs, and reliability test uses the formula of composite reliability and Cronchbach’s alpha. The data analysis technique used in this research is SEM using Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results showed that: 1) Vanity seeking did not have a positive influence on repurchase intention with attitudes toward Laneige as a mediating variable, 2) Purchase experience had a positive influence on repurchase intention with partial mediation by attitudes towards Laneige, 3) Celebrity endorser had positive influence on repurchase intention with full mediation by the attitude towards Laneige.

Phenotyping mental health: Age, community size, and depression differently modulate COVID-19-related fear and generalized anxiety

IntroductionWhen the first COVID-19 infections were reported in Germany, fear and anxiety spread faster than the pandemic itself. While moderate amounts of fear of a COVID-19 infection may be functional, generalized anxiety and the potentially resulting distress and psychopathology may possibly be detrimental to people's health. Authorities need to avoid a countrywide panic, on the one hand, but foster a realistic awareness of the actual threat, on the other hand. ObjectivesThe current cross-sectional study aimed to investigate psychological reactions in response to the real or perceived infection threats. In particular, the analysis should reveal whether COVID-19-related fear and generalized anxiety in times of COVID-19 have distinct correlates. MethodsA nationwide study was conducted from March 10th to May 4th 2020 in Germany (n = 15,308; 10,824 women, 4433 men, 51 other). Generalized anxiety was assessed using the GAD-7, while COVID-19-related fear was measured using a self-generated item. Both outcome variables were entered into linear regression models. Demographic information, depressive symptoms, trust in governmental interventions, subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 and media use were used to predict generalized anxiety and COVID-19-related fear. ResultsThe data revealed distinct correlates of COVID-19-related fear and generalized anxiety. Although COVID-19-related fear and generalized anxiety had overlapping predictors, such as neuroticism, they most prominently differed in age distribution and direction of an urban-rural disparity: generalized anxiety decreases with age, but COVID-19-related fear is most pronounced in elderly participants. Generalized anxiety is also more prevalent in rural communities, but COVID-19-related fear is elevated in metropoles. Furthermore, the presence of a risk disease increases COVID-19-related fear, but not generalized anxiety. ConclusionThese results suggest that COVID-19-related fear is often justified considering the individual risk of infection or complication due to infection. Some of the characteristics that predict COVID-19-related fear leave generalized anxiety unaffected or show divergent predictive directions. The present findings hint toward two related, but discriminant constructs.

The patients’ perspective on the perceived difficulties of dual-tasking: development and validation of the Dual-task Impact on Daily-living Activities Questionnaire (DIDA-Q)

BackgroundEveryday-life activities often require performing dual tasks (DT), with consequent possible occurrence of motor-cognitive or motor-motor interference. This could reduce quality of life, in particular in people with neurological diseases. However, there is lack of validated tools to assess the patients’ perspective on DT difficulties in this population. Therefore, we developed the Dual-task Impact on Daily-living Activities-Questionnaire (DIDA-Q) and tested its psychometric properties in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). MethodsItems were generated based on existing scales, DT paradigms used in previous studies and the opinion of a multi-stakeholder group, including both experts and PwMS. Twenty DT constituted the preliminary version of the DIDA-Q which was administered to 230 PwMS. The psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated including internal consistency, validity and reliability. ResultsNineteen items survived after exploratory factor analysis, showing a three-factor solution which identifies the components mostly contributing to DT perceived difficulty (i.e., balance and mobility, cognition and upper-limb ability). The DIDA-Q appropriately fits the graded response model, with first evaluations supporting internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.95), validity (70% of the hypotheses for convergent and discriminant constructs confirmed) and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients=0.95) of this tool. ConclusionThe DIDA-Q could be used in research and clinical settings to discriminate individuals with low vs. high cognitive-motor or motor-motor interference, and to develop and evaluate the efficacy of personalized DT rehabilitative treatments in PwMS.