Discrete Nonlinear Schrodinger Research Articles

Unidirectional flow of lossless exciton-polariton signals

We consider the propagation of intensity signals in the discrete nonlinear driven-dissipative Schrodinger equation, well-known for the description of a variety of systems from coupled arrays of Kerr nonlinear cavities to exciton-polariton arrays. By periodic switching of a driving laser field, we find that the propagation can be engineered to be unidirectional, while the signals fully withstand dissipation and are resilient against disorder. We anticipate that such a mechanism would be relevant for use in photonic circuits.

Peculiarities of the Self-Action of Inclined Wave Beams Incident on a Discrete System of Optical Fibers

Based on a discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation (DNSE), we studied analytically and numerically the peculiarities of the self-action of one-dimensional quasi-optic wave beams injected into a spatially inhomogeneous medium consisting of a set of equidistant mutually coupled optical fibers. A variational approach allowing the prediction of the global evolution of localized fields with the initially plane phase front was developed. The self-consistent equations are obtained for the main parameters of such beams (the position of the center of mass, the effective width, and linear and quadratic phase-front corrections) in the aberrationless approximation. The case of radiation incident on a periodic system of nonlinear optical fibers at an angle to the axis oriented along them is analyzed in detail. It is shown that for the radiation power exceeding a critical value, the self-focusing of the wave field is observed, which is accompanied by the shift of the intensity maximum followed by the concentration of the main part of radiation only in one of the structural elements of the array under study. In this case, the beams propagate along paths considerably different from linear and the direction of their propagation changes compared to the initial direction. Asymptotic expressions are found that allow us to estimate the self-focusing length and to determine quite accurately the final position of a point with the maximum field amplitude after radiation trapping a channel. The results of the qualitative study of the possible self-channeling regimes for wave beams in a system of weakly coupled optical fibers in the aberrationless approximation are compared with the results of direct numerical simulations within the DNSE framework.

Breathers as metastable states for the discrete NLS equation

We study metastable motions in weakly damped Hamiltonian systems. These are believed to inhibit the transport of energy through Hamiltonian, or nearly Hamiltonian, systems with many degrees of freedom. We investigate this question in a very simple model in which the breather solutions that are thought to be responsible for the metastable states can be computed perturbatively to an arbitrary order. Then, using a modulation hypothesis, we derive estimates for the rate at which the system drifts along this manifold of periodic orbits and verify the optimality of our estimates numerically.

Nonreciprocal wave transmission through an extended discrete nonlinear Schrödinger dimer.

We analyze a one-dimensional extended discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) dimer model for nonreciprocal wave transmission. The extension corresponds to the addition of a nonlocal or intersite nonlinear response in addition to a purely cubic local (on-site) nonlinear response, which refines the purely cubic model and aligns to more realistic situations. We observe that a diodelike action persists in the extended case; however, the inclusion of nonlocal response tends to reduce the diode action. We show that this extension results in achieving the diode effect at lower incoming intensities as compared to the purely cubic case. We also report that a nearly perfect diode action is possible in the extended case for a higher level of asymmetry between on-site potentials than its cubic counterpart. Moreover, we vary different site-dependent parameters to probe for regimes of a better diode effect within this extended model. We also present the corresponding stability analysis for the exact stationary solutions to the extended DNLS equation, we discuss the bifurcation behavior in detail, and we explicitly give the regions of stability.

Relaxation and coarsening of weakly-interacting breathers in a simplified DNLS chain

The discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation displays a parameter region characterized by the presence of localized excitations (breathers). While their formation is well understood and it is expected that the asymptotic configuration comprises a single breather on top of a background, it is not clear why the dynamics of a multi-breather configuration is essentially frozen. In order to investigate this question, we introduce simple stochastic models, characterized by suitable conservation laws. We focus on the role of the coupling strength between localized excitations and background. In the DNLS model, higher breathers interact more weakly, as a result of their faster rotation. In our stochastic models, the strength of the coupling is controlled directly by an amplitude-dependent parameter. In the case of a power-law decrease, the associated coarsening process undergoes a slowing down if the decay rate is larger than a critical value. In the case of an exponential decrease, a freezing effect is observed that is reminiscent of the scenario observed in the DNLS. This last regime arises spontaneously when direct energy diffusion between breathers and background is blocked below a certain threshold.

Modulation instability, conservation laws and soliton solutions for an inhomogeneous discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In this paper, an inhomogeneous discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation is analytically investigated. The modulation instability condition and conservation laws are derived. By virtue of the discrete Darboux transformation, two types of explicit solutions on the vanishing and non-vanishing backgrounds are generated. Those results might be useful in the study of solitons propagation in discrete optical fibers.

Stability Analysis of the Jacobian Elliptic Solutions for the Twisted Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois Model with Solvent Interaction

We consider a twisted Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois (PBD) model and construct the exact analytical solutions, which can describe the propagation of solitary waves by invoking a discrete Jacobian elliptic function method. These solutions include the Jacobian periodic solution as well as bubble solitons. Through the Fourier series approach, we have found that the DNA dynamics is governed by a modified discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (MDNLS) equation. A detailed analysis of the role of the twisted angle in the process of bio energy localization is presented in the form of coherent localized breather modes in a PBD model. A linear stability analysis is performed and we obtain that the stability of the solutions also depends on the twisted angle.

Existence and Asymptotic Stability of Quasi-Periodic Solutions of Discrete NLS with Potential

We prove the existence of a two-parameter family of small quasi-periodic solutions of the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation (DNLS). We further show that all small solutions of DNLS decouple to one of these quasi-periodic solutions and dispersive wave. As a byproduct, we show that all small nonlinear bound states including excited states are stable.

Self-action of Bessel wave packets in a system of coupled light guides and formation of light bullets

The self-action of two-dimensional and three-dimensional Bessel wave packets in a system of coupled light guides is considered using the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation. The features of the self-action of such wave fields are related to their initial strong spatial inhomogeneity. The numerical simulation shows that for the field amplitude exceeding a critical value, the development of an instability typical of a medium with the cubic nonlinearity is observed. Various regimes are studied: the self-channeling of a wave beam in one light guide at powers not strongly exceeding a critical value, the formation of the “kaleidoscopic” picture of a wave packet during the propagation of higher-power radiation along a stratified medium, the formation of light bullets during competition between self-focusing and modulation instabilities in the case of three-dimensional wave packets, etc. In the problem of laser pulse shortening, the situation is considered when the wave-field stratification in the transverse direction dominates. This process is accompanied by the self-compression of laser pulses in well enough separated light guides. The efficiency of conversion of the initial Bessel field distribution to two flying parallel light bullets is about 50%.

Properties of some breather solutions of a nonlocal discrete NLS equation

Fil: Ben, Roberto Ignacio. Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento. Instituto del Desarrollo Humano; Argentina

Shelf solutions and dispersive shocks in a discrete NLS equation: Effects of nonlocality

We study shelf-like breathers and dispersive shock phenomena in a discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation with a nonlocal nonlinearity. The system models laser light propagation in waveguide arrays made from a nematic liquid crystal substratum. Shelf-like breathers are studied in the regime of small linear intersite coupling, and we report some new theoretical existence and stability results. We also study numerically the evolution from nearby dam-break and more general jump initial conditions for stronger linear intersite coupling. In the defocusing case, we see rarefaction and shock wave profiles, superposed with oscillations. Some of the hyperbolic features of the observed profiles are described approximately by continuous NLS hydrodynamics. Nonlocality is seen to lead to some smoothing of the rapid oscillations seen in the local DNLS.

Coherent states and localization in a quantized discrete NLS lattice

We study the evolution of a quantum discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) system using as initial conditions coherent states corresponding to points in the vicinity of breather solutions of the classical system. We consider various examples of stable and unstable breathers and examine the distance between exactly evolved states and coherent states with parameters that evolve according to classical dynamics. Initial conditions near stable breathers and their vicinity are seen to lead to recurrences to small distances between the two evolving states. Similar recurrences are not observed for initial conditions near unstable breathers.

Long time stability of small-amplitude Breathers in a mixed FPU-KG model

In the limit of small couplings in the nearest neighbor interaction, and small total energy, we apply the resonant normal form result of a previous paper of ours to a finite but arbitrarily large mixed Fermi–Pasta–Ulam Klein–Gordon chain, i.e., with both linear and nonlinear terms in both the on-site and interaction potential, with periodic boundary conditions. An existence and orbital stability result for Breathers of such a normal form, which turns out to be a generalized discrete nonlinear Schrodinger model with exponentially decaying all neighbor interactions, is first proved. Exploiting such a result as an intermediate step, a long time stability theorem for the true Breathers of the KG and FPU–KG models, in the anti-continuous limit, is proven.

Localization and coherent states in a quantum DNLS trimer

We compare quantum states obtained from the integration of exact and approximate evolution equations for a quantized discrete nonlinear Schrodinger system (DNLS) with three lattice sites (trimer). The initial conditions are Glauber coherent states, and their projections to subspaces with a definite number of particles, and we are especially interested in coherent states that correspond to classical states that are in the neighborhood of breather solutions of the classical system. The breathers are well defined periodic orbits of the classical DNLS that we heuristically view as examples of spatially localized solutions. The two evolution equations give converging results in the subspaces with an increasing number of particles. This is no longer the case for normalized projections of Glauber states, where we see that the distance between the quantum states obtained by the exact and approximate equations shows recurrence phenomena that depend on the number of quanta and on the dynamical properties of the classical trajectory.

On the symplectic integration of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with disorder

We present several methods, which utilize symplectic integration techniques based on two and three part operator splitting, for numerically solving the equations of motion of the disordered, discrete nonlinear Schrodinger (DDNLS) equation, and compare their efficiency. Our results suggest that the most suitable methods for the very long time integration of this one-dimensional Hamiltonian lattice model with many degrees of freedom (of the order of a few hundreds) are the ones based on three part splits of the system’s Hamiltonian. Two part split techniques can be preferred for relatively small lattices having up to N ≈ 70 sites. An advantage of the latter methods is the better conservation of the system’s second integral, i.e. the wave packet’s norm.

Nonlinear wave propagation in discrete and continuous systems

In this review we try to capture some of the recent excitement induced by a large volume of theoretical and computational studies addressing nonlinear Schrodinger models (discrete and continuous) and the localized structures that they support. We focus on some prototypical structures, namely the breather solutions and solitary waves. In particular, we investigate the bifurcation of travelling wave solution in Discrete NLS system applying dynamical systems methods. Next, we examine the combined effects of cubic and quintic terms of the long range type in the dynamics of a double well potential. The relevant bifurcations, the stability of the branches and their dynamical implications are examined both in the reduced (ODE) and in the full (PDE) setting. We also offer an outlook on interesting possibilities for future work on this theme.

Symplectic nonsqueezing in Hilbert space and discrete Schrödinger equations

We prove a generalization of Gromov’s symplectic nonsqueezing theorem for the case of Hilbert spaces. Our approach is based on filling almost complex Hilbert spaces by complex discs partially extending Gromov’s results on existence of J-complex curves. We apply our result to the flow of the discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation.

Wavepacket delocalization, self-trapping and fragmentation in discrete chains with relaxing nonlinearity

The discrete nonlinear Schrodinger equation (DNSE) describes wave phenomena in several physical contexts, ranging from electronic transport in crystalline chains to light propagation in nonlinear media and Bose-Einstein condensates. Here, we study the influence of the nonlinear response time on the temporal evolution of a wavepacket initially localized in a single site of a finite closed chain. Distinct long-time wavepacket distributions are identified as a function of the nonlinear strength χ and the characteristic relaxation time τ. Besides the more standard delocalized and self-trapped regimes, we report the occurrence of intermediate phases. In one of them the wavepacket self-focus in the opposite chain site. A phase with asymptotically fragmented wavepackets also develops. A crossover regime on which the ultimate wavepacket distribution is strongly dependent on the precise set of model parameters is also identified. We provide the full phase diagram related to the long-time wavepacket distribution in the (χ, τ) space.

Nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation and its discrete version: Soliton solutions and gauge equivalence

In this paper, we try to understand the geometry for a nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation (nonlocal NLS) and its discrete version introduced by Ablowitz and Musslimani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 064105 (2013); Phys. Rev. E 90, 042912 (2014). We show that, under the gauge transformations, the nonlocal focusing NLS and the nonlocal defocusing NLS are, respectively, gauge equivalent to a Heisenberg-like equation and a modified Heisenberg-like equation, and their discrete versions are, respectively, gauge equivalent to a discrete Heisenberg-like equation and a discrete modified Heisenberg-like equation. Although the geometry related to the nonlocal NLS and its discrete version is not very clear, from the gauge equivalence, we can see that the properties between the nonlocal NLS and its discrete version and NLS and discrete NLS have significant difference. By constructing the Darboux transformation for discrete nonlocal NLS equations including the cases of focusing and defocusing, we derive their discrete soliton solutions, which differ from the ones obtained by using the inverse scattering transformation.

Biological multi-rogue waves in discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation with saturable nonlinearities

The discrete multi-rogue waves (DMRW) as solution of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation with saturable nonlinearities is studied numerically. These biological rogue waves represent the complex probability amplitude of finding an amide-I vibrational quantum at a site. We observe that the growth in the higher order saturable nonlinearity implies the formation of DMRW including an increase in the short-living DMRW and a decrease in amplitude of the long-living DMRW.