Percentage Of Discrepancies Research Articles

Accuracy and precision of 3 multidose vial tracking methods to inform controlled drug tracking in practice.

To evaluate the precision and accuracy of 3 common methods (method 1, actual draws of the volume remaining; method 2, weight tracking of the volume remaining and/or the volume removed; and method 3, discrepancy percentage at the end of each vial) for monitoring volumes in vials of injectable controlled drugs. For methods 1 and 2, doses were drawn from a vial containing a known amount of sterile water. For method 1, after each dose was removed, the remaining quantity of liquid was withdrawn, measured, and reinjected into the vial. The estimated and actual hub loss were calculated. For method 2, the syringe with the needle attached was weighed immediately prior to each draw and reweighed after the draw. The vial was weighed after each draw and compared to the expected weight of 1 g/mL. For method 3, the total discrepancy volume per vial was determined for vials used from January 1, 2022, through March 31, 2023. The discrepancy percentage between the calculated amount remaining and 0 mL was determined for each vial. Accuracy and precision were determined for each method. Method 2 was more accurate than method 1. Precision was equal for methods 1 and 2, with method 3 having the lowest precision. Methods 1 and 2 have accuracy and precision sufficient to justify their use in practice. Method 3 is not sufficiently precise to be used alone. The method(s) chosen should be based on accuracy and precision as well as the pros and cons of each method.

Мodern methods of diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma

The main methods of histological diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma are dilatation and curettage, fractional curettage, and diagnostic hysteroscopy with endometrial biopsy. This retrospective study aims to compare the preoperative histological results obtained by different diagnostic methods with the postoperative ones in patients with endometrial carcinoma and determine the most accurate and safest method for diagnosing the disease. From 06.2020 to 09.2023, a retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the endometrium, treated at University Hospital Saint Marina-Pleven. The mean age of the patients was 58.04 ± 10.46, ranging from 28 to 78. The comparative analysis of the discrepancies of the histological verification methods in the evaluation of the preoperative and postoperative histological result showed that a statistically significantly higher percentage of discrepancies (19.5%) had the dilatation and curettage compared to the zero discrepancy of the hysteroscopy (0.0%). The relative proportion of discrepancies of the fractional curettage is 14.3%. The cytological result was negative for tumor cells in 97.5% and positive in 2.5%. In all patients with a positive cytological result for tumor cells, the method of histological verification was dilatation and curettage. Performing diagnostic hysteroscopy and observing safety principles such as creating low intrauterine pressure and short operative time is a safe and reliable method for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma.

Medication Reconciliation as Part of Admission Management-A Survey to Improve Drug Therapy Safety in a Urology Department.

Complete medication reconciliation during hospital admission is the rationale for further treatment decisions. A consecutive, controlled intervention study was conducted to assess discrepancies in medication reconciliation performed by nurses of the Urology Department compared to the Best Possible Medication History (BPMH) established by pharmacists. This study included pre-intervention (control group, CG), nursing training as a pharmaceutical intervention, and post-intervention (intervention group, IG) groups. The discrepancies were classified as "Missing" (not recorded but taken), "Added" (additionally recorded) "Strength" (incorrect documented dosage), "Intake" (incorrect intake time/schedule), "Double" (double prescription), and "Others" (no clear assignment). Additionally, high-risk drug subgroup discrepancies were particularly prevalent and were evaluated. Training success was compared concerning discrepancies in the CG and IG. Generally, the percentage of discrepancies per patient found was lower in the IG than in the CG (78.1% vs. 87.5%, significantly). The category most identified was "Missing" (IG, 33.3% vs. CG, 35.2%). Overall, a discrepancy of 7.4% each (discrepancies: IG, 27 vs. CG, 38) was determined for high-risk drugs while "Missing" occurred (77.8% vs. 52.6%, out of 7.4%). Despite nursing training only partially reducing discrepancies, the implementation of medication reconciliation using BPMH by pharmacists could improve the process, especially for high-risk drugs.

Validating synergistic effects of hybrid nanomaterials and progressive collapse behaviour of UHPC beams: Do particle packing theory, experiments and finite element analysis strongly interconnected?

Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC), a unique cementitious composite that exhibits an ideal solution for structural reclamation. The significant objective is to develop UHPC with binary nanomaterials (nanosilica and nano clay) using Modified Andreasen and Andersen particle packing theory and examine effect of nano hybridization in flexural and shear behaviour of reinforced UHPC beams. In addition, findings such as load-deflection behaviour and crack pattern are validated with Finite Element Analysis (ANSYS). The synergistic effect of hybrid nanomaterials enhances formation of hydration products that accounts for 27%, 30.7%, and 49% improvement in compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength in 2% nanosilica and nano clay (D2 mix Id). Moreover, flexural UHPC beam (D2 F) and shear UHPC beam (D2 S) withstand 9.5% and 10% higher ultimate load than control (A0 F and A0 S mix). The Finite Element Analysis predicts ultimate load in very minimum discrepancy percentage that ranges from 1 to 3%.

Diagnostic Performance of Coronary Angiography Derived Computational Fractional Flow Reserve.

Computational fluid dynamics can compute fractional flow reserve (FFR) accurately. However, existing models are limited by either the intravascular hemodynamic phenomarkers that can be captured or the fidelity of geometries that can be modeled. This study aimed to validate a new coronary angiography-based FFR framework, FFRHARVEY, and examine intravascular hemodynamics to identify new biomarkers that could augment FFR in discerning unrevascularized patients requiring intervention. A 2-center cohort was used to examine diagnostic performance of FFRHARVEY compared with reference wire-based FFR (FFRINVASIVE). Additional biomarkers, longitudinal vorticity, velocity, and wall shear stress, were evaluated for their ability to augment FFR and indicate major adverse cardiac events. A total of 160 patients with 166 lesions were investigated. FFRHARVEY was compared with FFRINVASIVE by investigators blinded to the invasive FFR results with a per-stenosis area under the curve of 0.91, positive predictive value of 90.2%, negative predictive value of 89.6%, sensitivity of 79.3%, and specificity of 95.4%. The percentage ofdiscrepancy for continuous values of FFR was 6.63%. We identified a hemodynamic phenomarker, longitudinal vorticity, as a metric indicative of major adverse cardiac events in unrevascularized gray-zone cases. FFRHARVEY had high performance (area under the curve: 0.91, positive predictive value: 90.2%, negative predictive value: 89.6%) compared with FFRINVASIVE. The proposed framework provides a robust and accurate way to compute a complete set of intravascular phenomarkers, in which longitudinal vorticity was specifically shown to differentiate vessels predisposed to major adverse cardiac events.

Efficiency of the RAPD Molecular Indicator to Determine the Genetic Polymorphism of Flax Genotypes

AbstractAn experiment was carried out during the winter season 2022-2023, using ten genotypes of flax (2 Sakiha, 5 Sakiha, 7 Sakiha, 8 Sakiha, 9 Sakiha, Giza 3, Giza 4, Giza 5, Pure line 107, and Blanka). To determine the genetic fingerprint of flax genotypes. RAPD markets were used to evaluate genetic polymorphism ce between 10 genotypes of flax. All 11 primers produced 142 bands, at a rate of 11.83 bands per primer. The number of polymorphism t pieces ranged between 15 for primer UBC556 and 9 for primer A82, with a molecular weight that ranged between 400-2250 bp. The total number and percentage reached For dissimilar pieces, 125 and 88.08%, respectively. The highest percentage of discrepancies reached 100% for primers UBC604 and B24. Based on the binary data, genetic similarity, and the relatedness chart, the flax genotypes were separated into major and secondary groups. Analysis of the groups under the comparison ratio of the combinations within the relatedness chart showed that the variety Sakiha 5 with the structure Giza 4 and the structure Pure line 107 gave the highest genetic dimension, reaching 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. Perhaps this will be reflected in the flax later. The results indicated that RAPD parameters are highly efficient in diagnosing purity and genetic polymorphism between flax genotypes, so efficient selection of subsequent generations is possible.

Optimization and Simulation Parameters of the Resistance Spot Welding for Commercial Aluminium (AA1050) at Low Power Welding Machine

This study aims to find the best conditions of resistance spot welding in commercial Aluminium AA1050 to obtain the maximum tensile shear strength of the joint using a low-power supply welding machine. The chosen parameters for this study were welding current, welding time, and electrode force using a 90 kVA welding machine. The investigation used the DoE method with Taguchi’s technique to reduce the number of experiments where two sheet thicknesses (1 mm and 2 mm) were used in this work. The software program Minitab 18 analyzed the results using the main effects plots and the interaction plots to identify the most significant parameters and their effect on the joint strength. The best conditions for maximum tensile shear force were 14.85 kA welding current and 0.79 kN electrode force for both thicknesses and two cycles and 12 cycles welding time for 1 mm and 2 mm sheet thickness, respectively. The maximum tensile strength obtained was 250 N and 225 N for 1mm and 2mm sheet thickness, respectively. A mathematical equation was developed to predict the shear force with 19.9 % and 17.9 % error for 1 mm and 2 mm thicknesses, respectively. The best conditions were applied in ANSYS 2022R1 multi-physics to obtain the temperature distribution with time history, where the result shows the nugget size according to the molten temperature. The percentage of discrepancy between actual and numerical nugget size was 8 %.

Medical and legal aspects of the divergence of clinical and anatomopathological diagnosis within the specialized medical institution

Based on the analysis of specialized literature, normative and legislative acts, as well as data from own research, the medical and legal aspects of the divergences between clinical and anatomopathological diagnosis are presented. Thus, through the analysis of the archive materials of Institute of Phthisiopneumology «Chiril Draganiuc» it was established that the percentage of autopsies in the period 2013-2022 varied between 68.5% and 94.4%. Having a stable growth trend (R2=0.7542), this indicator averaged 83.7%. The percentage of diagnostic discrepancies during this period ranged from 7.0% to 24.5%, with a mean of 14.4%. The downward trend of this indicator from 24.5% in 2013 to 16.8% in 2022 was not conclusive (R2=0.3097).

Improved assessment of donor liver steatosis using Banff consensus recommendations and deep learning algorithms

The Banff Liver Working Group recently published consensus recommendations for steatosis assessment in donor liver biopsy, but few studies reported their use and no automated deep-learning algorithms based on the proposed criteria have been developed so far. We evaluated Banff recommendations on a large monocentric series of donor liver needle biopsies by comparing pathologists' scores with those generated by convolutional neural networks (CNNs) we specifically developed for automated steatosis assessment. We retrospectively retrieved 292 allograft liver needle biopsies collected between January 2016 and January 2020 and performed steatosis assessment using a former intra-institution method (pre-Banff method) and the newly introduced Banff recommendations. Scores provided by pathologists and CNN models were then compared, and the degree of agreement was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Regarding the pre-Banff method, poor agreement was observed between the pathologist and CNN models for small droplet macrovesicular steatosis (ICC: 0.38), large droplet macrovesicular steatosis (ICC: 0.08), and the final combined score (ICC: 0.16) evaluation, but none of these reached statistically significance. Interestingly, significantly improved agreement was observed using the Banff approach: ICC was 0.93 for the low-power score (p <0.001), 0.89 for the high-power score (p <0.001), and 0.93 for the final score (p <0.001). Comparing the pre-Banff method with the Banff approach on the same biopsy, pathologist and CNN model assessment showed a mean (±SD) percentage of discrepancy of 26.89 (±22.16) and 1.20 (±5.58), respectively. Our findings support the use of Banff recommendations in daily practice and highlight the need for a granular analysis of their effect on liver transplantation outcomes. We developed and validated the first automated deep-learning algorithms for standardized steatosis assessment based on the Banff Liver Working Group consensus recommendations. Our algorithm provides an unbiased automated evaluation of steatosis, which will lay the groundwork for granular analysis of steatosis's short- and long-term effects on organ viability, enabling the identification of clinically relevant steatosis cut-offs for donor organ acceptance. Implementing our algorithm in daily clinical practice will allow for a more efficient and safe allocation of donor organs, improving the post-transplant outcomes of patients.

Evaluation of accuracy of maxillary repositioning surgery using an observer-independent method

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of maxillary repositioning in two-jaw surgery using computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) and computer-aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) splints by using a highly accurate observer-independent method. MethodsA retrospective evaluation was conducted of 30 consecutive adults who underwent Le Fort I osteotomy by a single surgeon. Surgical planning and fabrication of occlusal splints were performed using custom-developed CASS software. Preoperative images with landmarks were superimposed on postoperative images to evaluate discrepancies between the planned and actual position of the maxilla following surgery. Translational and rotational differences were expressed as the root mean square deviation (RMSD). The number of cases that exceeded the clinically acceptable limits (2 mm for the translational difference at the centroid, 4° for the rotational difference, and 1 mm for the mediolateral difference at the dental midline) were also evaluated. ResultsPostoperative anteroposterior translation and pitch values were significantly different to and negatively correlated with the planned values, respectively. The largest translational RMSDs at the centroid and the dental midline were 1.04 mm and 1.03 mm, respectively, in the anteroposterior direction. The largest rotational RMSD was 1.86° in pitch. The percentage of discrepancies exceeding the clinically acceptable limit was 3.3% for the centroid, 3.3% for rotation, 20.0% for the midline, and 26.7% for any one criterion. ConclusionWhile maxillary repositioning using CASS and CAD/CAM splints was accurate on a population level, there remains potential for clinically significant errors to occur on an individual level, particularly in controlling the dental midline position and occlusal plane angle.

On using artificial neural network models for a thermodynamically-balanced humidification-dehumidification system: Design and rating analysis

This research focuses on rating and sizing a thermodynamically-balanced humidification-dehumidification (HDH) system with zero, single, and double extractions of humid air from the humidifier to the dehumidifier. In order to implement thermodynamic balancing appropriately, optimal thermal design is essential to be estimated via a reliable and straightforward model. Thus, this study suggests an artificial neural network to predict the system performance and size parameters. The artificial neural network is trained, tested, and validated using a rich data set created to cover possible operating ranges. The considered performance parameters are gained output ratio, water-to-air mass flow rate ratio, recovery ratio, seawater and air temperatures, energy effectiveness, and critical enthalpy pinch, and the design parameters involve humidifier volume and dehumidifier area. Four inputs are used: seawater inlet temperature, heating temperature, enthalpy pinch, and extractions count. The developed model works best for inlet temperature, heating temperature, enthalpy pinch, and extractions count within 20 – 40 °C, 60 – 80 °C, 1 – critical enthalpy pinch in kJ kgd-1, and 0 – 2 extractions, respectively. The results indicate that the developed artificial neural network has high accuracy in predicting the performance and design parameters, demonstrating minimum accuracy of 98.3%, 96.4%, and 98.9% for zero, single, and double extractions, respectively. Furthermore, the generated neural network is validated against numerical and experimental data from the literature, showing a maximum discrepancy percentage of less than 4%. Thus, the neural network provided by this study is helpful for HDH desalination engineers, designers, researchers, and scientists.

Discrepancies between dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase phenotyping and genotyping: What are the explanatory factors?

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency can be detected by phenotyping (measurement of plasma uracil [U], with U ≥ 16 μg/L defining a partial deficiency) and/or by genotyping (screening for the four most frequent DPYD variants). We aimed to determine the proportion of discrepancies between phenotypic and genotypic approaches and to identify possible explanatory factors. Data from patients who underwent both phenotyping and genotyping were retrospectively collected. Complementary genetic analyses (genotyping of the variant c.557A>G and DPYD sequencing) were performed for patients with U ≥ 16 μg/L without any common variants. The characteristics of patients classified according to the congruence of the phenotyping and genotyping approaches were compared (Kruskal-Wallis test), and determinants of U levels were studied in the whole cohort (linear model). Among the 712 included patients, phenotyping and genotyping were discordant for 12.5%, with 63 (8.8%) having U ≥ 16 μg/L in the absence of a common variant. Complementary genetic investigations marginally reduced the percentage of discrepancies to 12.1%: Among the nine additional identified variants, only the c.557A>G variant, carried by three patients, had been previously reported to be associated with DPD deficiency. Liver dysfunction could explain certain discordances, as ASAT, ALP, GGT and bilirubin levels were significantly elevated, with more frequent liver metastases in patients with U ≥ 16 μg/L and the absence of a DPYD variant. The impact of cytolysis was confirmed, as ASAT levels were independently associated with increased U (p < 0.001). The frequent discordances between DPD phenotyping and genotyping approaches highlight the need to perform these two approaches to screen for all DPD deficiencies.

Diameter and taper variability of gutta-percha cones adapted to TruNatomyTM and RotateTM rotary file systems.

Evaluate the discrepancy in diameter and taper between adapted gutta-percha cones for TruNatomyTM 26.04 (TRU04), RotateTM 25.04 (ROT04) and 25.06 (ROT06) systems and their reference files. A sample of 60 gutta-percha cones and 15 rotary files was selected and divided into three groups (TRU04, ROT04, ROT06). Each group consisted of 20 cones and 5 corresponding files. They were observed under an optical microscope at x20 magnification and images of all observations were obtained. Diameters were measured with a digital ruler calibrated at 3 levels: D1, D3, D16 (mm from tip). The taper of each system of cones and files was calculated, The percentage of discrepancy between the taper of each file system and its corresponding gutta-percha cone was calculated. The percentage of discrepancy between the diameter of the tested gutta-percha cones and their corresponding files varied from -7% to 21%. The smallest dimensional discrepancy between gutta-percha cone and corresponding file was found at D16 in TRU04 group. The tapers of the gutta-percha cones vs their respective files were: 2% vs 3% (TRU04), 4% vs 5% (ROT04), and 6% vs 5% (ROT06). The highest discrepancy was observed at D16 in ROT06 group. The global taper discrepancy between gutta-percha cone and its corresponding file was negative in TRU04 and ROT04 groups. The taper and the diameter at D1, D3, and D16 differed between all of the tested gutta-percha cones and their corresponding files. TruNatomy 26.04 files and its adapted gutta-percha cones exhibited the least discrepancy. Key words:Corresponding gutta-percha, rotary file, taper, TruNatomy, Rotate, standardization.

RDQS: A Geospatial Data Analysis System for Improving Roads Directionality Quality

With the increasing availability of smart devices, billions of users are currently relying on map services for many fundamental daily tasks such as obtaining directions and getting routes. It is becoming more and more important to verify the quality and consistency of route data presented by different map providers. However, verifying this consistency manually is a very time-consuming task. To address this problem, in this paper we introduce a novel geospatial data analysis system that is based on road directionality. We investigate our Road Directionality Quality System (RDQS) using multiple map providers, including: Bing Maps, Google Maps, and OpenStreetMap. Results from the experiments conducted show that our detection neural network is able to detect an arrow’s position and direction in map images with &gt;90% F1-Score across each of the different providers. We then utilize this model to analyze map images in six different regions. Our findings show that our approach can reliably assess map quality and discover discrepancies in road directionality across the different providers. We report the percentage of discrepancies found between map providers using this approach in a proposed study area. These results can help determine areas needs to be revised and prioritized to improve the overall quality of the data within maps.

Conductor Identification Using Acoustic Signal Method

Electrotechnical services spend a significant amount of time on cable tracing and conductor identification operations. Although the operation of conductor identification seems an easy job and a deeply researched topic, it may turn out to be time-consuming due to the large quantity of unidentified conductors (cables) and the certain stipulation that conductors should be de-energized and have uninsulated parts. This paper proposes a method based on the use of an acoustic signal as a carrier, making it possible to facilitate the identification process and significantly speed up the identification process. For the proposed method, mathematical modeling of the sound propagation in conductors and insulation is detailed. The sound pressure level subject to identified conductor length, conductor cross-section and insulation type was calculated on the basis of the model. The performed calculations revealed remarkable capabilities of the acoustic method for identifying conductors in comparison with other methods. So, the difference in sound pressure level is only 3.65% for distances from the identification point to the signal source of 5 m and 100 m, 0.42% between the minimum and maximum cross sections of conductors (1 mm2 and 25 mm2, respectively) and 0.22% between conductors with polyethylene and PVC insulations. The prototype of conductor identification device was assembled in a way that practically confirmed the theoretical research with the average percentage of discrepancy of about 1.44%. In addition, the paper analyzes the conductor identification operation constituents to justify the application of the acoustic method by comparison with other identification methods.

Novel Arithmetic Equations for Mass Energy Equivalence, Newton’s Rings Radius, Wavelength and Speed of Light, Fine Structure Constant and Ideal Gas Law Correlated with eπ Based on Sayed’s Theorem

Many proved scientific facts are mentioned in the generous Quran. This article introduces revisiting, revising and rewriting of well-established equations and laws of different applied fields of science and engineering. The eπ has been correlated with the mass energy equation of special relativity, fine structure constant, Newton`s rings radius, light wavelength, speed of light and ideal gas law. The correlated formulas were achieved based on the published Sayed`s equations and theorem. The fine structure constant was calculated and compared with a published value with 8.6435x10-5 discrepancy percentage. The novel deduced equations/formulas can be considered as confident mathematical expressions to be parallel used in the abovementioned and other scientific fields.

Doppler velocimetry discordance between paired umbilical artery vessels and clinical implications in fetal growth restriction

Studies revealing a discrepancy in umbilical artery Dopplers between the two umbilical arteries in normally-grown fetuses necessitates further evaluation of the paired umbilical arteries in the setting of fetal growth restriction as this is a critical component in the surveillance of this population. Umbilical artery Doppler sampling in fetal growth restriction is typically assessed in 1 umbilical artery in a free loop of cord. Although discrepancies of >20% between the 2 umbilical arteries occur in 1 of 3 normal pregnancies, this has not been assessed in fetal growth restriction. Our objectives were to determine the frequency of discordant Doppler pulsatility indices between paired umbilical arteries in a fetal growth restriction cohort and to determine if sampling of 1 or both arteries alters surveillance or timing of delivery. A cohort of 425 growth-restricted fetuses between 25 and 39 weeks of gestation had umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility indices determined from both umbilical arteries in a midsegment of the cord to determine: (1) the discrepancy percentage between paired umbilical artery pulsatility indices and (2) the frequency of both arteries being normal, abnormal, or discordant (pulsatility index < and >95th percentile). To determine what sampling method increased the detection of an abnormal Doppler index, 3 sampling methods were compared: (1) average pulsatility index from both umbilical arteries, (2) pulsatility index from 1 umbilical artery chosen randomly, and (3) highest pulsatility index of the 2 umbilical arteries. The mean percentage difference between umbilical artery pulsatility indices was 11.7%, and in 15.8% of cases, it exceeded 20%. Both umbilical artery pulsatility indices were normal in 71.1% (302/425), abnormal in 12.2% (52/425), and discordant in 16.7% (71/425) of cases (P<.0001). Of the 3 sampling methods, the pulsatility index was abnormal in: (1) 19.2% (82/425) of cases when averaged from both umbilical arteries, (2) 22.1% (94/425) of caseswhen choosing 1 umbilical artery at random, and (3) 28.9% (123/425) of cases when the highest umbilical artery pulsatility index was used (P=.003). In this large fetal growth restriction cohort, the overall discrepancy between the 2 umbilical artery pulsatility indices was 11.7%. Among fetuses with at least 1 abnormal umbilical artery pulsatility index, 71 of 123 (57.7%) had 1 normal pulsatility index and 1 abnormal. Thus, the number of arteries sampled and the sampling method used may alter clinical decision-making, including frequency of surveillance and timing of delivery.

Food Processing: Comparison of Different Food Classification Systems.

The substitution of minimally processed food and culinary home preparations for ready-to-eat products is increasing worldwide, which is overlooked as a cause of concern. The technological developments and the rise in highly processed food availability have introduced the concept of ultra-processed food (UPF). Food classification systems based on processing are now a new basis for epidemiological research. Different results from these classifications might influence conclusions on the population’s consumption of UPF or its association with health outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare classification systems and to find out if their results are comparable when evaluating the extent of high/UPF on the overall diet. Portuguese data from the year 2000 was extracted from the DAFNE-AnemosSoft, and 556 food/beverages items were classified according to five systems. The contribution of UPF was calculated as a percentage of total available amount and discrepancy ranges used for comparisons. Results of UPF availability contributions were: NOVA 10.2%; UNC 15.2%; IFPRI 16.7%; IFIC 17.7%; IARC 47.4%. The highest discrepancy ranges were from alcoholic beverages (97.4%), milk/milk products (94.2%), sugar/sugar products (90.1%), added lipids (74.9%), and cereals/cereal products (71.3%). Inconsistencies among classifications were huge and the contribution from highly/UPF presented high discrepancies. Caution must be taken when comparing and interpreting such data.

Evaluation on hardness and percentage of elongation discrepancy by Zinc oxide nanoparticles on AA6070 alloy composites

The nano particles are the most important materials to develop the mechanical properties of the materials due to its grin structure and size. In this investigation deals with the (20–30 nm) Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles volume participation effect on the AA6070 aluminium alloy composite based on the major mechanical properties like hardness and percentage of elongation. The hardened aluminium alloy is used here due to the better results. The composites were prepared by the stir casting method. The ZnO nanoparticle is increased from zero to 12.5% of volume with 2.5% incremental in each specimen and remaining volume percentage is occupied by hardened AA6070 Aluminium alloy. Among all the specimens 7.5% of ZnO nanoparticle mixed composite have maximum hardness and less percentage of elongation.

An improved look-up table-based direct torque control for permanent magnet synchronous generator using Vienna rectifier

This paper presents an improved look-up table-based direct torque control of the permanent magnet synchronous generator using Vienna rectifier for a wind energy conversion system. A stator voltage model for the system was developed to allow an in-depth analysis of the effect of the switching vectors for the Vienna rectifier on the performance of direct torque control. The developed generator model is dedicated to reducing the complexity of look-up table development. Subsequently, an improved look-up table was designed to enhance the overall performance of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in both torque and stator flux ripples, along with the investigation of the computation delay compensation for the digital implementation. The performance was first investigated through Matlab / Simulink before being further validated using a small-scale prototype and a wind turbine emulator. Both simulation and experimental results obtained were compared with the existing direct torque control approach to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system for wind energy extraction. The results show that the enhanced look-up table generates lower ripples in torque and stator flux while improving their reference tracking, especially during unbalanced DC load scenarios. This achievement can be clearly seen by the lower discrepancy percentage between the reference and actual value in the generated torque and stator flux by 6.35% and 0.47%, respectively.