Rules Of Discourse Research Articles

A Study on the Effective Paths to Enhance the International Communication Power of China’s Rule of Law Discourse

Since the reform and opening up, the rule of law discourse, as a reflection of China’s rule of law construction practice, has continued to develop, forming a socialist rule of law discourse system with Chinese characteristics. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress echoes the requirements of telling China’s story and ruling the country in accordance with the law in a comprehensive manner, guiding the direction of expression of the socialist rule of law discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Nowadays, as an emerging power, discourse dissemination lags behind China’s economic rise. In order to eliminate the hegemony of the Western rule of law discourse and grasp the ideological autonomy of the rule of law, it is necessary to strengthen the international dissemination and influence of the rule of law discourse of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics, to establish the authority of the rule of law discourse, to promote cultural self-confidence and self-reliance, and to enhance the soft power of the national culture and display the image of a great power.

Transitioning to proof via writing scripts on the rules of a new discourse

Coming from the commognitive standpoint, we consider proof-based mathematics as a distinct discourse, the transition to which requires special rules for endorsement and rejection of mathematical statements. In this study, we investigate newcomers’ learning of these rules when being taught them explicitly. Our data come from academically motivated high-school students who took a special course in undergraduate mathematics. The course teacher dedicated three academic hours to introducing and explaining selected rules of proof to support students’ shift to the new discourse. The homework assignment consisted of typical proof-requiring problems and a scriptwriting task, asking students to compose a dialogue between fictional characters about a proof-related mistake of their choice. We analyzed the differences and similarities between the rules discussed in the classroom and those that students addressed and implemented in their proofs. The analysis showed that while students’ solutions to proof-requiring problems required rule implementation, fictitious dialogues opened the space for rule formulation and substantiation. In many cases, the students discussed the rules presented in the classroom, extending, elaborating, and specifying the teacher’s formulations. Furthermore, while the students’ proofs were mainly consistent with the teacher’s expectations, some of their rule formulations were more radical and overgeneralized than expected. These findings suggest that newcomers’ communication about the rules of proof may lag behind their capability to implement those rules to prove mathematical statements.

Analysis of the Network Discourse Patterns of Higher Vocational College Students

As the most open and active social group in cyberspace, higher vocational college students have adopted network discourse as an important form of interpersonal communication and self-expression. Cyberspace is characterized by its virtuality, anonymity, and entertainment value, where different discourse subjects continuously aggregate and interact in digital forms. This, to a certain extent, has reshaped the discourse expression of higher vocational college students, leading to a more vulgarized pattern of online interaction and language usage among young students, which is characterized by fragmentation, compartmentalization, and metaphorization. Network discourse innovation reflects the intrinsic need of vocational students to proactively innovate, adapt to network communication modes, and integrate into the public discourse system. The potential trends of compartmentalization, fragmentation, and metaphorization in network discourse pose challenges to the guiding power and dissemination of mainstream discourse, causing a loss of mainstream discourse meaning and authority dissolution. Therefore, it is imperative to strengthen the study of the intrinsic rules of network discourse, change mainstream discourse strategies, enhance cyberspace supervision, and adopt multiple measures to break down discourse barriers, creating a clean and upright cyberspace for young students.

Discourse Rules of a Book Essay and a Case Study for the Writing Classes in a University Curriculum of Liberal Arts

This thesis explored what the genre knowledge of the book essay is and its discourse rules in the writing classes in a University curriculum of a liberal arts program. Using an example of a class design for book essay writing, it presented the cases pertaining to how the learners internalized the discourse rules and reflected them into their book essays. It put forth an extensive approach, proposing that the discourse rules fall under the premise that the academic book essay belongs to an academic essay, which is located between book journals and academic theses. Also, it presented writing rules which can allow the writers to face their tasks using not only the approach of essays, but also an insight of criticism, using both formal and informal approaches. Learners were able to select their books in a self-directed manner, for the books were related to their own majors and thus were interesting to them. Moreover, they utilized the advantages of the free style forms of writing book essays by selecting their book genre without any restrictions. Also, the program respected the learners’ choices when it came to the components on book essays according to their reading materials by providing, as extensively and diversely as possible, each component in the ‘introduction’, ‘body’ and ‘conclusion’ respectively. Through connecting the writings to presentation classes, this strengthened the learners’ competency of understanding and criticism regarding the transference of their abilities as well as the reading materials and instructions in order for them to establish their authorships. Finally, the learners were able to internalize the discourse rules and they showed that they can reflect them into their writing on their own. This thesis furthermore suggested that the more genre-restricted discourse rules be researched in a more specific way.

Making the visible seen: The interactional competence of a person in a disordered state of consciousness

We examine a 12-min video-recorded interaction among a patient (KN) in a disordered state of consciousness (DOC) and a speech language pathologist clinician (CL) that takes place in a medical rehabilitation setting. The video is a demonstration of how caregivers could use a clinical assessment to observe their loved one's behavior to communicate potential behavioral changes to healthcare professionals. The purpose of this paper is to make visible the communication practices used by participants that may not be obvious to researchers, medical rehabilitation practitioners, and clinical assessment developers. We use phenomenological, linguistic and conversation analytic approaches to analyze the interaction. We found that KN demonstrates multiple conversational competencies, some (but not all) of which are acknowledged by CL, and most of which are not directly addressed by the assessment scoring criteria. For example, KN demonstrates conversational competency by responding non-verbally to CL's prompts from the assessment protocol and following along with the unspoken rules of discourse. He does this primarily through gaze, which broadcasts the focus of his attention and actively signals his participation in the conversation. Though KN does not always respond correctly to CL's questions, he nevertheless demonstrates implicit conversational competencies during turns of talk such as returning to ‘neutral’ position which signals the completion of a turn of talk. KN's conversational competencies may be missed by CL and the assessment protocol but we argue that they are important in understanding KN's capacity. Our analyses show that competency is not simply a performance by one person who appropriately and correctly responds to a series of questions in a prescribed time frame. Competence is a collaborative achievement among participants, co-produced in situ, and influenced by linguistic and cultural habits of talk and epistemic norms that privilege clinical knowledge and expertise.

Legal argumentation in the court: native experience and foreign practice

The article is devoted to highlighting domestic experience and foreign practice of legal argumentation in court proceedings. The Great Legal Encyclopedia defines legal argumentation as the process of giving arguments legal meaning and establishing relationships between them, which acquires jurisprudence. forms when harmonizing logical rules with legal norms.
 It is stated that legal reasoning in court decisions is mandatory, since the acceptability of legal decision- making depends on the procedures of argumentation and the desire to achieve the truth in law. Therefore, the justice of court decisions is determined by their compliance with the requirements of legality, reasonableness and motivation.
 It is established that an argument is a statement containing premises and a conclusion, not all of which are expressed in real arguments. In legal argumentation, evidence is an auxiliary tool of argument.
 In practical discourse, in order to achieve the criteria of rationality and correctness, there is often a need to apply special knowledge, the bearers of which are experts. Opinions of experts provided within the limits of the examination appointed by the court are sources of evidence.
 Evidence must be proper, admissible, reliable, sufficient. That is why forensic experts involved in the judicial process must possess the skills of argumentation and oral communication, be professional, authoritative, and their conclusions substantiated and impartial. That is, the rules of legal discourse and the principles of legal argumentation necessarily apply to the judicial expert, who appears as one of the subjects of argumentation.
 It was found that domestic courts do not always trust the conclusions provided by experts. The results of a psychophysiological diagnosis of a person using a polygraph do not provide advantages in proof, but «are taken into account, along with other evidence».
 Involvement of experts in the legal process does not always provide grounds to include the conclusions they provide in the evidence base, let alone consider them as real arguments. There is a need for legislative regulation of the issue of the possibility of the participation of a polygraph specialist in the legal process.
 The evidence practice was outlined and the role of expert witnesses in Italy was clarified. Thus, in Italian civil proceedings there are two types of experts: the judicial technical expert appointed by the judge (CTU) and the expert appointed by the parties (CTP). The expert should not have any interests related to the proceedings. The appointed expert must agree to his own appointment and can reject it only for valid reasons assessed by the judge.

Sociolinguistic Pedagogical Implications of EFL Issues: A Case Study of Saudi Universities

In this study, the sociolinguistic pedagogical implications of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) issues in Saudi universities have been considered. Future EFL instructors require education that acknowledges linguistic, socio-historical, cultural, and pedagogical aspects. Areas of improvement in explaining instructors' vital role in changing language education are highly concentrated in language proficiency and technology. Investigating in the significant influence of sociolinguistic characteristics on the educational context and the growth and use of EFL results in raising social and cultural awareness, enabling students to know how to interpret the surrounding environment. In this study report, we describe the close relationship between social and educational settings, and the classroom environment as suitable factors for fostering sociolinguistic competence in EFL learners. The desired outcomes were to explore whether culture and education could be viewed as two inseparable independent parameters and whether EFL learners needed to master the cultural rules of use and rules of discourse. EFL instructors believe that teaching a language in its natural context is the best way to teach the language. The authors used a questionnaire to collect data from Saudi university staff members. A significant conclusion was reached about the sociolinguistic pedagogical implications of EFL issues. Responses to the questionnaire were analysed by SPSS. The use of a socio-pedagogical approach to teaching EFL can have a positive impact on EFL issues. It is recommended that EFL instructors in Saudi universities take a socio-pedagogical approach to teach the language and that universities provide teachers and students with adequate resources to help them understand the language.

The development of discourse in the Umayyad period

In this research we´ve mentioned about the development of discourse during the Umayyad s period. The discourse had an important role in directing the historical events and had a great effect on the people emotion .This our research consists of two parts :In first part we have mentioned the concept of discourse linguistically and idiomatically, afterwards we´ve talked about some different definitions of discourse and the history of it´s appearance, we have refered the Greek´s role in putting the priciple and rules of discourse and discourser in it. We have explaned the reason of the development of discourse by Greeks and undeveloped by Romans .We´ve determined the sorts of discourse and then we have mentioned Arabian care attention to discourse during the ignorance period. Non-existend a united government and having lots of tribes what role have they had to improve the discourse?
 With coming of holy Islamic religion the discourse entered a new stage٫ because this religion has given alot of importance to discourse, .‌Prophet(peace be upon him)and the caliphs of Rashideen had benefited from discourse to deliver the religion messages and explaning the policy of their country. In second part we have indicated the staying and geographical borders of the Umayyad government and then that political ,social and economic circumstance that the government has involved, it´s caused the development of intellectual and scientific life ,groups appeared , they had the main role in development of discourse from this period, this research is an attempt to indicate the most important component and the main elements of discourse ,it´s development during the Umayyad period.

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

“Ideology and simultaneously more than mere ideology”: On Habermas’ reflections and hypotheses on a further structural transformation of the political public sphere

Post-war reforms in Sri Lanka: need to tie minority demands to a rule of law discourse

ABSTRACT In 2015, Sri Lanka underwent a major political change, with the opening of a window of opportunity for both constitutional reform and Transitional Justice (TJ). However, TJ and constitutional reform were routinely presented in mainstream political discourses as two agendas in tension competing for political capital. Furthermore, TJ was perceived as controversial and, for this reason, was isolated conceptually and procedurally from other reform agendas. This reinforced the perception that TJ was a measure benefiting solely minority communities and imposed by foreign powers. This misperception, in turn, fuelled continued opposition to this agenda. After recalling the important links between TJ and the rule of law, I argue that a well-designed communication strategy around TJ should have harnessed the pre-2015 momentum for good governance and rule of law reforms in order to foster greater support for TJ.

Persuasion Mechanisms in Bilqis Story in Surat An-Naml

Linguistic Argumentation Theory offers new conceptions of meaning. It is one of the novel semantic theories that seek to uncover the logic of language: the internal rules of discourse governing the order of words and their gradual sequence. Relying on this theory, the present paper highlights the argumentative aspects and their persuasive mechanisms in the feminist argumentation found in Bilqis’s speech. It sheds light on the objectives of this argumentation, the contexts in which it occurs, and what distinguishes it from other types of argumentation. The paper paid attention to the argumentative discourse used by Bilqis and attempted to deconstruct the argumentative structures it is made up of. It highlighted some of her personal qualities, namely reason and good governance. It observed a shift in discourse levels. While Bilqis was the one directing the discourse, especially in the first section when she was the Queen, she seemed to be the weakest link in the second section; her speech was characterized by gentleness and leniency.

A Comparative Analysis of Pragmatics in the Perspective of Intercultural Communication

As an international Chinese language teacher who will go overseas for internship, it is very necessary to master the discourse rules in different cultural backgrounds, which plays a crucial role in the smooth implementation of intercultural communication. In this paper, through the author's four personal experiences of cross-cultural communication, as four cases of analyzing the discourse rules of cross-cultural communication, we will combine the relevant discourse rules and authoritative communication theories, such as Grice's principle of conversational cooperation, Edward-T-Hall's theory of high-context and low-context culture, Leech's principle of politeness, Brown and Levinson's theory of face, and so on, to analyze the discourse rules of appellative speech, introduction speech, greeting speech, etc. The differences in language terms such as appellative speech, introductory speech, greeting speech, invitation speech, request speech, compliment speech, and thank you speech are compared and explained, and the cultural conflicts and cultural communication phenomena involved are specifically analyzed.

Characteristics analysis and evaluation of discourse leading for academic journals: perspectives from multiple integration of altmetrics indicators and evaluation methods

PurposeUnder the background of open science, this paper integrates altmetrics data and combines multiple evaluation methods to analyze and evaluate the indicators' characteristics of discourse leading for academic journals, which is of great significance to enrich and improve the evaluation theory and indicator system of academic journals.Design/methodology/approachThis paper obtained 795,631 citations and 10.3 million altmetrics indicators data for 126,424 published papers from 151 medicine, general and internal academic journals. In this paper, descriptive statistical analysis and distribution rules of evaluation indicators are first carried out at the macro level. The distribution characteristics of evaluation indicators under different international collaboration conditions are analyzed at the micro level. Second, according to the characteristics and connotation of the evaluation indicators, the evaluation indicator system is constructed. Third, correlation analysis, factor analysis, entropy weight method and TOPSIS method are adopted to evaluate and analyze the discourse leading in medicine, general and internal academic journals by integrating altmetrics. At the same time, this paper verifies the reliability of the evaluation results.FindingsSix features of discourse leading integrated with altmetrics indicators are obtained. In the era of open science, online academic exchanges are becoming more and more popular. The evaluation activities based on altmetrics have fine-grained and procedural advantages. It is feasible and necessary to integrate altmetrics indicators and combine the advantages of multiple methods to evaluate the academic journals' discourse leading of which are in a diversified academic ecosystem.Originality/valueThis paper uses descriptive statistical analysis to analyze the distribution characteristics and distribution rules of discourse leading indicators of academic journals and to explore the availability of altmetrics indicators and the effectiveness of constructing an evaluation system. Then, combining the advantages of multiple evaluation methods, The author integrates altmetrics indicators to comprehensively evaluate the discourse leading of academic journals and verify the reliability of the evaluation results. This paper aims to provide references for enriching and improving the evaluation theory and indicator system of academic journals.

Political challenges and ethics in the office

Political challenges and ethics in the office

Discourse rules: the effects of clause order principles on the reading process

ABSTRACT In an eye-tracking-while-reading study, we investigated adult monolinguals' (N = 80) processing of two-clause sentences embedded in short narratives. Three principles theorised to guide comprehension of complex sentences were contrasted: one operating at the clause level, namely clause structure (main clause – subordinate clause or vice versa), and two operating at the discourse-level, namely givenness (given-new vs. new-given) and event order (chronological vs. reverse order). The results indicate that clause structure mainly affects early stages of processing, whereas the two principles operating at the discourse level are more important during later stages and for reading times of the entire sentence. Event order was found to operate relatively independently of the other principles. Givenness was found to overrule clause structure, a phenomenon that can be related to the grounding function of preposed subordinate clauses. We propose a new principle to reflect this interaction effect: the grounding principle.

The third AI summer: AAAI Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Lecture

The third AI summer: AAAI Robert S. Engelmore Memorial Lecture

Uzgodnienia między organem podatkowym a stroną wobec modelu postępowania podatkowego

W artykule omówiono teoretyczną (pojęciową) możliwość dokonywania w toku postępowania podatkowego uzgodnień między organem podatkowym a stroną tego postępowania. Autor argumentuje, że uzgodnienia takie, pojęte jako proces (znaczenie pragmatyczne) i jako wynik tego procesu (znaczenie apragmatyczne), są zgodne z modelem postępowania podatkowego. Trojakie są warunki ich zgodności: po pierwsze, przyjęcie szczególnego rozumienia pojęcia "uzgodnienia" (i leżącego u jego podstaw pojęcia "sporu"); po drugie, dokonywanie uzgodnień w sposób zgodny z obowiązującym prawem (zarówno materialnym, jak i procesowym); po trzecie, prowadzenie uzgodnień na podstawie modelu "argumentacyjnego", tj. zorientowanego na legalność i poszanowanie reguł słusznego dyskursu. Ostatecznie, uzgodnienia spełniające te warunki polegają na wymianie merytorycznych argumentów między organem podatkowym a stroną - co nie zagraża, lecz sprzyja realizacji zasad procedury podatkowej.

Platforms of Discourse Bridging Conflicting Cultural Realities

Abstract Conflict is rooted in diverse sources of reality and language cannot alone solve conflicts. It is necessary to know the party’s grammar and ways of discourse. There cannot be compromise without understanding each parties’ reality truths and the rules of discourse relating to the platform of reality with these embedded truths. This work of theory posits that multiple platforms of discourse, each with differing rules, underpins every type of human interaction, political polarization, cultural and ideological clash, and all international relations including that of war. This understanding leads to an engagement strategy for compromise and agreement between the seemingly irreconcilable.

Tradições discursivas: de seu status linguístico-teórico e sua dinâmica

Reconsiderando a tripartição coseriana do linguístico (em um nível universal, do falar em geral; um histórico, das línguas particulares; um individual, dos discursos produzidos em situações específicas), o romanista alemão Peter Koch propõe o acréscimo, no nível histórico, duma historicidade dos textos ou das tradições discursivas, constituindo regras distintas das regras da língua. Neste estudo programático de 1997, publicado na série ScriptOralia da editora Narr (Tübingen, Alemanha), o autor define o conceito de tradição discursiva; delimita seu campo teórico, postulando quatro campos linguísticos, referentemente, a atividade do falar (universal), as línguas particulares (histórico), as regras do discurso ou tradições discursivas (histórico) e o discurso (individual); discute ainda suas implicações para as fronteiras entre Linguística Textual e Linguística Variacional, universais da comunicação e gêneros textuais e intertextualidade e interdiscursividade; ademais, apresenta seu proveito para a Literatura e Linguística, os estudos de oralidade e história da língua. Por fim, descreve a dinâmica de sua formação e transformação pelos processos de diferenciação, mistura, convergência e desaparecimento. O objetivo da presente tradução é tornar acessível ao público brasileiro esta obra de referência sobre a noção de tradição discursiva, que exerce decisiva influência tanto na Romanística alemã quanto em recentes pesquisas históricas do Português Brasileiro.

Neoliberal Globalisation: Ramifications for Rights and Constitutional Legality

The article argues that it is not so much globalisation (or internationalism before it) that threatens constitutional legality, but the spread of neoliberal exclusionism through the means of globalisation which erodes the human rights connection, if this is seen as an essential legitimator of state-centred constitutions. While being generally circumspect about rights in the 'universalist' sense as a legitimating language of constitutionalism, the argument employs neo-liberal exceptionalism as the vehicle for that critique. The analysis builds on the literature regarding the North/South World suppression of alternative constitutional realities and suggests that the undermining of universal rights within neoliberal market economies, coinciding with the reduction of state governance models, are a profound challenge to constitutional legality. Globalisation, as a process of international engagement should provide legitimate legal pathways for wider representation and democratic rights universalism. But its capture by neoliberal global economic priorities, protectionist at one level and imperially invasive on the other, has meant that globalisation is more an exclusive than an inclusive phenomenon, paradoxically further separating North from South. An example is the North world marketing of constitutional models and technologies, all too often a central component in the neo-colonial transposition of ‘rule of law discourse’, being motivated by needs for commercial certainty, rather that universal rights protections, particularly in exploited and vulnerable labour markets in the South world.