Categories Of Discourse Research Articles

An analysis of Thought Presentation in Hemingway’s A Farwell to Arms

A crucial component of literary works is the depiction of dialogue, written communication, and the introspective thoughts of characters or individuals. This research aims to investigate the portrayal of thoughts in Hemingway's novel, A Farewell to Arms. To this end, a comprehensive examination of various methods of presenting thoughts is conducted in relation to Short Leech's (2007) framework. Four separate examples have been purposefully picked with the objective of studying the stylistic depiction of thoughts in Hemingway's novel, A Farewell to Arms. The excerpts are chosen based on the probable stylistic characteristics of the discourse categories. Two passages are selected from Book I, and two excerpts are chosen from Book II of the novel. The inquiry determined that A Farewell to Arms is told only from the perspective of the protagonist, Henry Fredric, via his consciousness. The study has prioritized the classification of thought presentation rather than speech presentation. Furthermore, the narrative is mostly conveyed via the use of three distinct categories: free indirect thought, direct thought, and free direct thought. During discussions, the dominant modes of communication are direct thought and free direct thought.

Examining the impact and implementation of the ENabling VISions And Growing Expectations (ENVISAGE) program in Croatia: a discourse analysis pilot study

Purpose To explore the impact of the online ENVISAGE program for parents of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) on parents’ perception of themself, their child with a disability, and their family, as well as to explore experiences of participating in the program in Croatia. Methods In this before-after discourse analysis study, participants took part in the five-week ENVISAGE program. There were two semi-structured interviews for each participant: within one month before and after participating in the program. The proportions of positive, neutral, and negative sentences about themself, their child, and their family from two interviews were compared on an individual and group level. The perceived changes and experiences with the program were also analyzed qualitatively. Results Data from thirteen participants were included. From the three pre-determined discourse categories (self, child, and family), most changes were observed in parents’ perception of self (average increase in positive views of 8.8% and decrease in negative of 5.3%). Qualitative results showed multiple positive self-perceived impacts on parents’ lives. Participants’ experiences with ENVISAGE were consistently positive; all believed they benefited from the program. Conclusions The results support our assumption that participation in ENVISAGE positively affects multiple areas of life, particularly parents’ views of themself.

The relevance of F. Barth's ideas for modern studies of ethnicity

The concept of ethnicity continues to be an important factor for the analysis of modern society of the XXI century. This text is devoted to a critical analysis of the relevance of Frederick Barth's research conducted in 1969 and presented in the work “Ethnic Groups and Borders”. Barth's theoretical model reveals diversity and consistency at the junction of ethnic boundaries, the connection between which is due to the heuristic correlation of the author's concepts reflecting the static and dynamic identity in the aspect of ethnicity. Of particular interest are the less popular categories of Barth's discourse, which represent the positive and negative labeling of ethnic groups in acts of nomination and discrimination. An attempt to draw attention to F.'s ideas, which have already become classic and therefore somewhat outdated. Barth's work is due to the incredible plasticity of his methodology, which, combined with modern approaches (for example, symbolic interactionism) can become a very useful tool for studying ethnic issues in our time. Addressing the ethnic issues of Barth's works contributes to a deeper rethinking of the reality around us and an understanding of the principles of functioning of modern society.

Infant mortality and social causality: Lessons from the history of Britain's public health movement, c. 1834-1914.

What are the historical conditions under which a sociologically informed understanding of health inequality can emerge in the public sphere? We seek to address this question through the lens of a strategically chosen historical puzzle-the stubborn persistence of and salient variation in high infant mortality rates across British industrial towns at the dawn of the previous century-as analysed by Arthur Newsholme, the Medical Officer of the Local Government Board. In doing so, we retrace the historical processes through which the evolving public health movement gradually helped crystallise a scientific understanding of the social causes of excess mortality. We map the dominant ideology of the public sphere at the time, chart the shifting roles of the state, and retrace the historical origins and emergence of 'public health' as a distinctive category of state policy and public discourse. We situate the public health movement in this historical configuration and identify the cracks in the existing ideological and administrative edifice through which this movement was able to articulate a novel approach to population health-one that spotlights the political economy of social inequality. We relate this historical sequence to the rise of industrial capitalism, the social fractures that it spawned, and the organised counter-movements that it necessitated.

Care of patients undergoing withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments: an ICU nurse perspective

BackgroundIntensive care unit (ICU) nurses working in South Korea report experiencing uncertainty about how to care for patients undergoing withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments (WLT). A lack of consensus on care guidelines for patients with WLT contributes to uncertainty, ambiguity, and confusion on how to act appropriately within current law and social and ethical norms. To date, little has been discussed or described about how ICU nurses construct meaning about their roles in caring for dying patients in the context of wider social issues about end-of-life care and how this meaning interacts with the ICU system structure and national law. We aimed to better understand how ICU nurses view themselves professionally and how their perceived roles are enabled and/or limited by the current healthcare system in South Korea and by social and ethical norms.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study was conducted using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and discourse analysis using Gee’s Tools of Inquiry. Purposive sampling was used to recruit ICU nurses (n = 20) who could provide the most insightful information on caring for patients undergoing WLT in the ICU. The interviews were conducted between December 2021 and February 2022 in three university hospitals in South Korea.ResultsWe identified four categories of discourses: (1) both “left hanging" or feeling abandoned ICU nurses and patients undergoing WLT; (2) socially underdeveloped conversations about death and dying management; (3) attitudes of legal guardians and physicians toward the dying process of patients with WLT; and (4) provision of end-of-life care according to individual nurses’ beliefs in their nursing values.ConclusionICU nurses reported having feelings of ambiguity and confusion about their professional roles and identities in caring for dying patients undergoing WLT. This uncertainty may limit their positive contributions to a dignified dying process. We suggest that one way to move forward is for ICU administrators and physicians to respond more sensitively to ICU nurses’ discourses. Additionally, social policy and healthcare system leaders should focus on issues that enable and limit the dignified end-of-life processes of patients undergoing WLT. Doing so may improve nurses’ understanding of their professional roles and identities as caretakers for dying patients.

Sequentiality

Abstract This paper examines a hitherto unreported use of the Gã Perfect gram termed the ‘sequential perfect’. The sequential perfect represents a late stage of grammaticalization as it no longer conveys any aspectual information on its own, instead deriving its semantics from verbal categories in the prior discourse. It is primarily modal, being used for irrealis, habitual and iterative situations. It occurs in the non-initial clause of multiclausal constructions and signals that the event it marks is temporally posterior to another event. It also imparts the epistemic modal meanings of inevitability and certainty. I propose that these newer functions are developed from the core semantic components of change-of-state and completion. This involves grammaticalization via domain extension, where change-of-state within an event is extended to change between events. The investigation introduces a new pathway for grammaticalization of the perfect, which has implications for studies of the perfect and grammaticalization generally.

Meaning and Language based on a poststructuralist approach to Discourse Theory

This paper specifically develops a discussion on how, based on the Discourse Theory, initially developed by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, we can articulate the notions of meaning and language as instituting the real through discourse. For this, through two sections we develop an argument that considers reality as always being mediated by language and we also emphasize how the category of discourse is understood as a privileged space in which the processes of meaning of this same reality take place. This approach is part of a sometimes heteroclite theoretical framework, which approximates philosophical contributions considered, in general, as poststructuralists and postfoundationalists, provoking us to think that, in the impossibility of being a fundamental thought, philosophy becomes an intrinsically political thought.

Critical Thinking and Conspiracy Theories. Towards Rhetorical Virtues

The rhetorical model that has emerged in recent years calls for a diversification of pedagogical responses to critical thinking and, particularly, to the pedagogical treatment of conspiracy theories. Rhetoric is often defined, by the rhetoricians themselves, as a neutral art of persuasive discourse, sensitive to standards of effectiveness, but independent of truth and morality. However, the sole aim of rhetoric is not to train “skillful persuaders”, without any other consideration, since at the same time it presents itself as a broader education in democratic citizenship. These orators, trained by the rhetorical technique, are never defined, however, insofar as contemporary rhetoricians have gradually abandoned the normative reflection on (good) orators that was once conducted in the rhetorical tradition. Yet conspiratorial discourse, more vividly than other pedagogical objects, implies, by its very designation, norms, and values that isolate it from other categories of discourse deemed more acceptable or less dangerous to democratic life. Faced with this observation, this article proposes a reconceptualization of rhetoric that makes explicit the normative dimension of its educational project. Defined as a discipline – and no longer as a neutral technique – the aim of rhetoric today is to train (good) orators who possess the dispositions to act (well), speak (well) and think (well) in the context of contemporary pluralist democracy and its values. These dispositions could be called, in the vocabulary of virtue ethics, “rhetorical virtues” or “speaker virtues”.

TOXICITY AGAINST BRAZILIAN WOMEN DEPUTIES ON TWITTER: A CATEGORIZATION OF DISCURSIVE VIOLENCE

This paper discussed categories of violent discourses and toxicity against Brazilian women deputies on Twitter through a mixed-methods (corpus linguistics approach/discursive analysis) on a dataset of 1400 tweets. Results suggest that toxic discourse in this case is largely based on violence connected to women's behavior and abilities in the political realm, rather than ideology or propositions. Ideological affiliation, while may influence the amount of toxicity created, doesn’t influence the types of toxic discourses.

Специфика драматургической тональности дискурса (на примере новостного корпоративного дискурса)

This article analyses the particular type of the discourse category of tonality, namely, dramaturgic tonality. Being a pragmatic parameter of discourse, dramaturgic tonality has a cognitive nature and is culturally and socially significant. This allows us to resort to the analytical tools of different branches of the humanities. Dramaturgic tonality is characterized as being performative, evaluative and targeted. It is based on the linguosemiotic category of theatricality and permeates the structure of the text. The paper identifies the prototypical function of dramaturgic tonality: achieving an understanding and interpretation of the message by the addressee as similar as possible to those intended by the addresser. The author of this article suggests analysing dramaturgic tonality in the framework of the presentational theory of discourse, as the main function of tonality is strategic structuring of communication. Dramaturgic tonality profiles the value orientations of the subject of a discourse, demonstrating the meanings to the addressee. At the same time, it encourages the addressee to actively interpret and generate meanings. Dramaturgic tonality acts as a mechanism for managing the effect produced and becomes important in the context of social interaction. News articles published on the website of Northern (Arctic) Federal University were used as the material for linguistic analysis, which identified linguistic devices actualizing the effect of dramaturgic tonality. In the type of discourse under study, the discursive development of a communicative event is characterized by predictability. The author considers this to be a manifestation of the mechanism of dramaturgic tonality relevant to this type of discourse (media discourse). A conclusion is made that the architectonics of a discourse fragment, the role status of the subject of the discourse, the modality frame of the message and its expressiveness are the main means of actualizing dramaturgic tonality.

Дискурсивные маркеры категории достоверности англоязычных новостных медиатекстов

The study aims to identify the discourse markers of the credibility category in contemporary English-language news media texts, applying the discourse-dictemic model of communication. The scientific novelty of the study lies in describing credibility as a discourse category and identifying its markers at the proposematic and the dictemic level. As a result, it has been found that the credibility category is modelled in media texts in three ways: firstly, the use of ethical or formal discourse markers, such as quotations, utilisation of proper names, presentation of numerical data, photos and videos, only ensures ethical or formal credibility of news media texts; secondly, within the field of problematic credibility, different pragmatic orientations of news media texts can be realised in dictemas; thirdly, credibility is realised in narrative and argumentative dictemas through textual (dictemic) cohesion, forming a specific semantic space where specific syntactic language means serve as discourse markers of credibility.

Ideological Categories in the Discourses of World Health Organization on Covid-19

On 31 December 2019, WHO received information from National Health Commission concerning the outbreak of Covid-19 which was identified by the Chinese authorities. The WHO depends to a great extent on its announcements and instructions on Chinese authorities’ declaration. Consequently, positive and negative announcements and strategies are adopted in dealing with this pandemic. This causes a great extent of fear and confusion for people around the world despite all the efforts that WHO to pass this crucial period successfully and safely. The present study is one of the first studies that seeks to offer critical discourse analysis, description, interpretation, and explanation of ideological categories of institutional discourse, and more specifically of WHO on Covid-19 by using Van Dijk’s Three-Dimensional Model of Ideology (2004). It is found that WHO focuses on certain ideological categories such as repetition, actor description, authority, hyperbole, burden, evidentiality, and number game more than other categories. It is also found that these ideological categories should be based on scientific, psychological, cognitive, social, and cultural perspectives and not just numbers, authority, hyperbole, etc. because they are used to persuade different people around the world with different cultures and they may affect those people lives positively or negatively.

Verbs denoting authorial position: A contrastive Bulgarian-English study of medical research articles

The article addresses the issue of a specific discourse category, that of verbs expressing authorial stance in the context of the medical research article. A contrastive study is performed based on two corpora comprising original medical research articles in Bulgarian and English languages, respectively. All the articles have been excerpted from journals with high impact factors covering almost every field of medicine. All data have been processed with the help of word processing programmes to achieve a high level of accuracy. The paper looks into the most frequently used verbs both in the Bulgarian articles and the English ones. The analysis rests on a division of three types of verbs – factive, non-factive and counterfactive ones. Each of the presented verbs is analyzed in the light of this division supported by a number of exemplar sentences extracted from the corpora. One corollary that could be drawn is the fact that Bulgarian authors refrain to a large extent from expressing categorical disagreements which is not so characteristic of the authors in the English-language medical research articles.

Gender and Forced Displacement in Humanitarian Policy Discourse: The Missing Link

Executive Summary This paper reports on a study that examines how gender has been referenced in United Nations (UN), supranational and state documents on forced migration over the past 40 years. It is motivated by the premise that humanitarian protection discourses reflect broader institutional priorities and ideologies and may therefore expose gaps that reveal the relative importance given to the category of gender. The evidence presented below is the result of an extensive review of policy documents on Afghanistan, Kurdistan Region-Iraq (KRI), and Sri Lanka contained in the Refworld database. 1 The study sought to understand how gender is mentioned in terms of 1. governmentality — a top-down policy preference, which emphasizes the management of humanitarian protection; 2. empowerment — a bottom up policy preference, which emphasizes self-actualization and self-determination: we seek to understand how agency is expressed, including how opportunities for participation feature in policy discourse; 3. inclusion — the scope of coverage of different gender categories in policy discourse; and, 4. differentiation — the particularization of needs, wishes, and demands made by women, men, and girls and boys in displacement settings. The paper finds: • Where gender and displacement are discussed together, there is greater emphasis on governmentality, which crowds out other objectives, including advancing opportunities for gender empowerment and participation. • Internally displaced persons (IDPs) tend to be treated as an operational challenge alongside security and peacebuilding. The nature of their displacement is implicit in these documents, associated within the recurring themes of land, violence, empowerment, and livelihoods. The documents mention violence, but do not widely cover maternal, sexual, and reproductive health. • The documents offer little insight into the identities of the displaced — whether female, male, children, or members of LGBT communities — and are mostly silent on their specific protection needs. Overall, the paper finds remarkably little integration of gender within the humanitarian literature on forced displacement. In spite of much advocacy by the UN, the concept of gender has not been effectively disaggregated to address the specific needs of IDPs, especially in the discussion of children. This paper argues that taking gender seriously means recognizing how protection needs may be shaped by power relationships, and how policy and practice would be enhanced by a more nuanced understanding of how vulnerabilities and opportunities are structured by gender and the specificities of the displacement context. It recommends that the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and partner UN agencies continue to find opportunities to bring humanitarian policy on gender and forced displacement into conversation in order to strengthen protection. To this end, it suggests that the concept of gender should be disaggregated to address the specific needs of displaced people, to reflect the wider range of identities of displaced people, and to foster opportunities for their empowerment, and participation.

Contemporary educational discourse as a tool of modernization of higher education

The article deals with the analysis of different approaches to definition of category of educational discourse in various fields of humanities in particular. Special attention was drawn towards explanation the notion of educational discourse. According to the author it means a type of institutional communication with a regulatory orientation, the purpose of which is the socialization of a new member of society, the transfer to him of certain knowledge, abilities, skills, social values. The article proves that educational discourse creates positive educational communication between participants of educational process and resulted in positive knowledge transfer. Also, the author outlines the structural components of educational discourse, explains it role within the educational process. the findings show that effective educational discourse applied between the partciipants of educational process help to build a positive educational environment and, in the long run, modernize higher education.

Strategic lexicalization in courtroom discourse: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis

This paper adopts a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis approach to explore the pragmatics of lexical categories in courtroom discourse. More specifically, this paper probes the extent to which courtroom interlocutors employ particular lexemes to achieve specific pragmatic purposes, which, in turn, contributes to understanding the way language operates effectively within legal settings. The data used is taken from the testimony of former American President William Clinton during his impeachment trial for the ‘Monica Lewinsky Affair’. The analytical focus is on 17 lexemes representing four lexical categories, namely nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, by highlighting their frequency distribution in the testimony and revealing their significance as conduits for particular pragmatic meanings. Two main findings are revealed in this paper: first, within particular contexts, lexical categories are not only content knowledge units but also pragmatic meaning carriers whose functions go beyond their most commonly-used semantic sense. These pragmatic functions include information confirmation, verification, elicitation, dissociation, uncertainty, and clarification. Second, applying a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis approach to the study of courtroom discourse contributes to contextualizing the linguistic analysis of the use of language in courtrooms and offers a more functionally based discussion of the pragmatic use of language in legal settings.

Variation mechanisms of metadiscourse verb patterns in English journal articles from intra- and interdisciplinary perspectives

Abstract As the main form of constructing and disseminating disciplinary knowledge, English journal articles have an important linguistic status and theoretical research value. Among them, metadiscourse, as a typical discourse category presented by academic discourse behaviors, has been attracting attention for its discourse features. In order to explore the variation mechanism of metadiscourse verb patterns more effectively. In this paper, we construct a BiLSTM-verb analysis model in intra- and inter-disciplinary perspectives. The computational analysis shows that the authenticity embodiment of metadiscourse is 89%. The interactivity of metadiscourse is 78%. The meta-discourse needs to deal appropriately with the relationship with previous research, and to highlight its own findings and significance. A longitudinal comparison shows that the first paragraph highlights the conceptual interpretation of subject knowledge and the refinement of propositional relationships, with more emphasis on the abstraction and generality of information presentation. Therefore, its variance fit is up to 23%. The diagrams focus most on explaining the concepts of subject knowledge, indicating the tone and level of reasoning of the discourse, and outlining the purpose and results of the study. Therefore, its variance fit is 19%.

Dental professionals’ role perceptions in relation to periodontal (gum) disease explanations

Objective: To use a discourse analysis approach to identify salient features in the lived experiences of dental professionals in relation to explaining periodontal (gum) disease to patients. Methods: Interview data from 13 UK-trained and three internationally-trained dental professionals was examined using thematic discourse analysis. The first stage (discourse analysis) focused on the identification of language patterns in the interview data. This stage forms the focus of this paper. Findings: Six discourse categories (Clinician, Collaborator, Educator, Rapport Builder, Mentor and Professional) were identified that related to the participants’ perceived professional roles. The categories were associated with differing worldviews and language use patterns, but with some overlap. All interviewees used a variety of discourse categories in their accounts, but a few relied predominantly on one category, e.g., Clinician or Mentor. Conclusions: The local discourse categories identified in this study reflect broader discourses in healthcare relating to the roles of providers and patients, which have evolved through time. Practice implications: Practising dental professionals are faced with a diverse range of patients who have different communication preferences. A suite of discourse categories can act as a ‘toolbox’ that dental professionals can flexibly draw on when needing to adopt a role that could predispose a particular patient to positive oral health behaviour change.

Антиценностные категории англоязычных неологизмов деловой дискурсивной сферы

The study aims to identify the main anti-value categories of neologisms in the English-language business discourse. The model of human value consciousness is based on the ideas of decision-making established by ethical and moral values that regulate and guide the behaviour of people in society. The paper examines the values that society denies and that may be associated with negative emotions. Based on the material of online dictionary articles, the author identifies the axiological and pragmatic features of the selected thematic dominants by means of a linguo-axiological analysis. The scientific novelty of the study lies in conducting a detailed investigation of neological units of the English-language business discourse, in providing insight into the nature of their anti-value meanings. As a result, it has been found that the main anti-value categories of the English-language business discourse are concentrated in the thematic space of neological units naming the participants of the discourse, their relationships with each other, business activities, as well as the conditions that contributed to their development. The explicit-implicit nature of the anti-value semantics of the considered units has been also noted.

Historical discourse in M. Magauin's «Kipchak Beaute»

A lot of research has been done in the world around the problem of discourse and is not yet complete. In the works of scholars who speak about historical discourse, they talk about historical facts, historical events, historical writing, historical narrative, historical figures, but do not pay attention to the ways of transmission in the artistic text. This article discusses the features of the category of historical discourse and the interpretation of historical facts in an artistic text. In the interpretation of historical discourse, scholars attach importance to its differences from other discourses. If we consider discourse and text in a very close relationship, it is obvious that there are peculiar features that arise from the fact that artistic discourse and historical discourse intersect in a work of art. In this work, historical records in the artistic text are relatively analyzed within the framework of scientific-historical, socio-political, artistic-historical, and cultural discourses. The influence of a historical and artistic text on historical consciousness is assumed. The article is guided by the works of such scholars as R. Bart, A.V. Lubsky, A.P. Minyar-Belorucheva, V. Plekhanov, A.S. Adilova. Attempts are made to identify the features of historical discourse in Kazakh prose of the postmodern era. In the course of the study, traditional methods of comparison, comparison-analysis, interpretation, semantic, classification are used.