Perception Of Discomfort Research Articles

Psychological Impact on University Men and Women from Hidalgo, Mexico During the Confinement Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic

The objective of the research was to evaluate in university students from Hidalgo, México, the psychological impact during distance education, from confinement in the pandemic by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The research design was non-experimental cross-sectional; Through a non-probabilistic demonstration for convenience, 101 people, 66 women and 35 men participated, with an age range of 17 to 34 years (SD=2.49) (M=21.47), the survey of the information was carried out through a google that include the Symptom Check Inventory -List-90-R of Derogatis so as questions from the ECOVID-ED 2020 Survey. The results show that the temporary cancellation of on-site classes at the educational institution where the young people were studying was related to the presence of psychological symptoms associated with various problems. It was the women, as opposed to the men, who showed greater problems, such as increased perception of bodily discomfort, obsessive thoughts and behaviors, feelings of inferiority and inadequacy, sleep problems, among others, and in the educational area they were the most affected. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of the population in general, and, on students, who have been one of the most vulnerable groups. Distance classes, lack of economic and technological resources, social distancing, and isolation have intensified the problems, so that adequate attention to the effects or health conditions should be considered when returning to on-site classes.

Inspiratory response and side-effects to rapid bilateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation using differently shaped coils: implications for stimulation-assisted mechanical ventilation

BackgroundRapid magnetic stimulation (RMS) of the phrenic nerves may serve to attenuate diaphragm atrophy during mechanical ventilation. With different coil shapes and stimulation location, inspiratory responses and side-effects may differ. This study aimed to compare the inspiratory and sensory responses of three different RMS-coils either used bilaterally on the neck or on the chest, and to determine if ventilation over 10 min can be achieved without muscle fatigue and coils overheating.MethodsHealthy participants underwent bilateral anterior 1-s RMS on the neck (RMSBAMPS) (N = 14) with three different pairs of magnetic coils (parabolic, D-shape, butterfly) at 15, 20, 25 and 30 Hz stimulator-frequency and 20% stimulator-output with + 10% increments. The D-shape coil with individual optimal stimulation settings was then used to ventilate participants (N = 11) for up to 10 min. Anterior RMS on the chest (RMSaMS) (N = 8) was conducted on an optional visit. Airflow was assessed via pneumotach and transdiaphragmatic pressure via oesophageal and gastric balloon catheters. Perception of air hunger, pain, discomfort and paresthesia were measured with a numerical scale.ResultsInspiration was induced via RMSBAMPS in 86% of participants with all coils and via RMSaMS in only one participant with the parabolic coil. All coils produced similar inspiratory and sensory responses during RMSBAMPS with the butterfly coil needing higher stimulator-output, which resulted in significantly larger discomfort ratings at maximal inspiratory responses. Ten of 11 participants achieved 10 min of ventilation without decreases in minute ventilation (15.7 ± 4.6 L/min).ConclusionsRMSBAMPS was more effective than RMSaMS, and could temporarily ventilate humans seemingly without development of muscular fatigue.Trial registration This study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04176744).

Development of a customized mask retainer for improving the fit performance of surgical masks.

This study introduces a customized mask retainer to improve the fit performance of surgical masks using various advanced digital techniques. The participant's 3D face scans with and without a surgical mask were taken by using a smartphone. The mask retainer was designed using the 3D face scan data based on the facial anthropometric landmarks. The fitting was inspected and adjusted using the masked face scan data. The retainer was fabricated using a 3D printer. The effectiveness of the retainer on the augmentation of the fit of the surgical mask was tested according to the Chinese Standard (GB 19083-2010). A questionnaire was used to assess the effect of wearing surgical masks with and without retainers and N95 respirators on subjective perception of discomfort. The effectiveness test of the retainer on the augmentation of the fit performance showed a better than 25-fold increase in the overall fit factor, meeting the fit requirement for KN95 respirators in China. The subjective perception of discomfort of wearing N95 was significantly greater than surgical mask with and without retainers. The fit factor results indicated that by using the retainer, the overall fit factors and that of each exercise significantly increased compared to that of the group with the surgical mask alone. And compared with N95, the surgical mask with the retainer significant improved comfort. The surgical mask with the retainer can provide an alternative of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers.

Effect of Mental Task on Sex Differences in Muscle Fatigability: A Review.

Previous research demonstrated that there are observable sex differences in developing muscle fatigue when mental task during fatiguing activity is present; however, there is no available review on this matter. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies investigating the effect of mental task on muscle fatigue in men and women. To conduct the review, we utilized searches using the electronic databases Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO Cinahl Ultimate. The studies included had no limited publication date and examined the effects of mental task on muscle fatigue in a healthy adult population of any age. The evaluation was performed using the following criteria: time to failure, or subjective scale in various modifications (visual analog scale—VAS, rate of perceived effort—RPE, rate of perceived fatigue—RPF, rate of perceived discomfort—RPD). A total of seven studies met the set criteria, which were subsequently analyzed. Heavy mental task (more demanding math tasks) can reduce the time to failure for both men and women, with the reduction being more pronounced for women than for men. For light mental task (simple math tasks), no reduction in time to failure was observed to a great extent. The mental task in any of the included studies did not affect the subjective perception of fatigue, effort, discomfort, or pain. Although the studies investigating the effect of mental task on sex differences in muscle fatigability are limited, based on our findings we can assume that in jobs requiring heavier mental task, women may be more prone to the faster development of muscle fatigue; thus, employers might consider paying attention to the possibility of adequate rest.

Effects of one long vs. two short resistance training sessions on training volume and affective responses in resistance-trained women.

The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of performing a lower body resistance training program in one long or two shorter sessions in 1 day on training volume and affective measures. Employing a randomized-crossover design, 23 resistance-trained women (22 ± 2 years, 166 ± 6 cm, and 66.4 ± 7.5 kg) performed two training days consisting of (i) one long (46 min) or (ii) two short sessions (total of 43 min) separated by 3.5–5 h. Each training day was separated by 4-6 days and consisted of three sets to failure for six exercises. Training volume (number of repetitions lifted) were recorded during the sessions. Rating of perceived exertion for effort (RPE), rating of perceived exertion for discomfort (RPD), session displeasure/pleasure (sPDF) and exercise enjoyment (EES) were measured 10 min after each session. Participants also completed a readiness to train questionnaire (7 questions), 24 h after each session, and which training protocol they preferred, 48 h after the last session. The long session led to higher RPE (+1 point, p < 0.001, ES = 1.07), RPD (+1 point, p = 0.043, ES = 0.53) and sPDF (p = 0.010, ES = 0.59) compared to the short sessions. There was no difference in EES (p = 0.118, ES = 0.33). The short sessions had 3% higher training volume than the long session (p = 0.002, ES = 0.42). There were no differences in perceived readiness to train 24 h after the sessions (range: p = 0.166–0.856 and ES = 0.08–0.32). Twenty-two participants preferred the long session, while one preferred the short sessions. In conclusion, performing a longer, lower body, resistance training session led to greater perceptions of effort, discomfort and session pleasure than splitting the same program into two shorter sessions among resistance-trained women. However, two shorter sessions led to a greater training volume.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Quality of Life in Adult Cochlear Implant Users: A Survey Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread through Europe in the first months of 2020. On the 9th of March 2020, the Italian government ordered a national lock-down. The study’s objectives were: to investigate the effect of lockdown on CI users; and to detect the difference in the perception of discomfort existing between unilateral cochlear implant (UCI) users and bilateral cochlear implant (BCI) users, due to the lockdown experience. Methods: A 17-item, web-based, anonymous online survey was administered to 57 CI users, exploring hearing performance, emotions, practical issues, behavior, and tinnitus. Participation in the study was voluntary. Results: all CI users obtained an abnormal score in all questionnaire themes. For the emotion theme and the practical issue theme, the age range 61–90 showed a significant difference between UCI and BCI users in favor of BCI users (emotion theme: UCI mean = 3.9, BCI mean = 2.3, p = 0.0138; practical issues: UCI mean = 4, BCI mean = 3, p = 0.0031). Conclusions: CI users experienced the lockdown negatively as regards behavior, emotions, hearing performance, and in practical issues. CI subjects with UCI in old age suffered more from the experience of lockdown than subjects with BCI in the same age, with regards to emotions and practical issues.

Brain signal changes of the amygdala cortex according to the physical performance of fabric

The physical properties of fabric causing an uncomfortable tactile perception under certain clothing pressure has always been a difficult problem in the field of fabric comfort research. According to a large number of works in the literature, the amygdala was recognized as the key brain region for negative perceived emotions. In order to investigate the fabric factors causing the signal changes in the amygdala brain region, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to monitor the amygdala brain region and its anatomical sub-brain region under the same degree of compression stimulation from several different corsets, and the percent signal changes (PSCs) were extracted and analyzed. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the PSCs of the centromedial group of the amygdala and the average dynamic friction coefficient (MIU) of the fabric at the level of 0.05, and a general linear model was established ( R2 = 0.998, p = 0.019). These results indicated that the surface friction properties of the fabric successfully attracted the attention of the central amygdala, and the attention increased linearly with the increase of MIU. This finding not only laid a foundation for exploring the brain perception mechanism of fabric discomfort, but also provides a possibility for further quantification of fabric discomfort perception by using the amygdala brain region.

ASAD: A Novel Audification Console for Assessment and Communication of Pain and Discomfort

Pain and discomfort are subjective perceptions that are difficult to quantify. Various methods and scales have been developed to find an optimal manner to describe them; however, these are difficult to use with some categories of patients. Audification of pain has been utilized as feedback in rehabilitation settings to enhance motor perception and motor control, but not in assessment and communication settings. We present a novel tool, the Audification-console for Self-Assessment of Discomfort (ASAD), for assessing and communicating pain and discomfort through sound. The console is a sequence of increasing pitch and frequencies triggered at the press of buttons and displayed as a matrix that can be associated with the subjective perception of pain and discomfort. The ASAD has been evaluated in its ability to capture and communicate discomfort, following a fatigue test in the lower limbs with thirty healthy volunteers, and compared to the most common self-reported methods used in the NHS. (The National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded healthcare system in England and one of the four National Health Service systems in the United Kingdom.) This was a qualitative, within subjects and across groups experiment study. The console provides a more accurate assessment than other scales and clearly recognizable patterns of sounds, indicating increased discomfort, significantly localized in specific frequency ranges, thus easily recognizable across subjects and in different instances of the same subject. The results suggest a possible use of the ASAD for a more precise and automatic assessment of pain and discomfort in health settings. Future studies might assess if this is easier to use for patients with communication or interpretation difficulties with the traditional tools.

Intensive Care Unit Caregivers Perception of Patient Discomfort: A Qualitative Study

BackgroundBeing hospitalized in an intensive care unit ICU often involves pain and discomfort. While pain is commonly alleviated with analgesics, discomfort is more difficult to diagnose and treat, thus potentially leading to incorrect analgesic administration. AimTo describe intensive care unit practitioners' perceptions of discomfort in the ICU, and their methods to discern between pain and non-pain discomfort. MethodsTwenty-five intensive care unit practitioners (7 doctors and 18 nurses) were interviewed from medical and general intensive care units at one institution in Jerusalem, Israel. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were coded and categorized by two researchers independently. Content analysis identified common themes. ResultsTwo main discomfort themes were identified: unpleasant physical sensations and unpleasant psychologic feelings, with further subcategories. Physiologic and non-physiologic signs such as facial expression and motor activity helped to diagnose discomfort. Trial and error and cause and effect were used to differentiate pain from other sources of discomfort. ConclusionsPractitioners saw pain as a dominant source of discomfort. Treating overall discomfort should focus on improving the quality of the total intensive care unit experience. Strategies to diagnose non-pain discomfort and pain were similar. Differentiating pain from non-pain discomfort is essential in order to provide appropriate treatment for pain and non-pain-related discomfort.

Evaluating lower body driving posture regarding gas pedal control and emergency braking: A pilot study

Lower body posture influences driving comfort and safety. The posture recommendations from the literature, however, are often based on preferred postures and can be inconsistent due to differences in the experimental setups. Furthermore, the ranges of preferred postures focusing on sitting comfort are often wide and, therefore, difficult to use for occupant packaging in the automotive industry. To cope with these issues, we developed a task-oriented approach to evaluate the lower body driving posture. We predefined 12 seating positions (4 knee angles × 3 seating heights) and measured the physical strain, discomfort perception, and task performance of gas pedal control and emergency braking. Results of the 11 participants showed that seating closer to the front with a 110° knee angle caused more foot dorsiflexion for gas pedal control and increased the right leg's shin muscle activity and discomfort; seating further back with a 145° knee angle decreased emergency braking performance. In conclusion, our new approach is feasible for objectively and effectively evaluating lower body driving posture. Relevance to industryThe approach of this study can provide a new perspective on the driving posture assessment. The findings can be utilized to optimize the occupant packaging process in the automotive industry.

Efficacy of Voice Therapy With Acapella Choice ® Device in Subjects With Vocal Fatigue Delivered Via Telepractice

The present study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of remote voice therapy (telepractice) implemented with Acapella Choice device in subjects with vocal fatigue. Thirty participants with vocal fatigue were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) voice treatment with acapella Choice device plus vocal hygiene program (n=15), and (2) voice treatment with Water resistance therapy plus vocal hygiene program (n=15). Laryngoscopic assessment was conducted in all subjects to confirm diagnosis. Before and after voice therapy, participants underwent self-assessment of voice. Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and Vocal tract discomfort scale (VTDS) were used. Treatment period included six voice therapy sessions within 3 weeks, with a frequency of two therapy sessions per week. Each session lasted 30 minutes. For both groups, exercises consisted of a sequence of nine phonatory tasks performed with Acapella Choice (experimental group) and WRT (control group). Comparison for all variables were performed between experimental group and control group. Significant improvements were found when comparing Pre and Post measures for both groups. No significant differences were found when comparing Acapella Choice group and WRT group. Remote physiologic voice therapy with Acapella Choice device and water resistance therapy seem to be both effective to improve voice in subjects diagnosed with vocal fatigue. No differences should be expected between these therapeutic protocols when treating patients with vocal fatigue. Moreover, both are effective at reducing tiredness of voice, voice avoidance, physical discomfort associated with voicing, subjective perception of sensory discomfort in throat, and reduction of physical, emotional, and functional impact of voice problems.

Effect of Intravenous Fluid Warming on Body Temperature in Patients Undergoing Urologic Surgery under Spinal Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous fluid warming applied to patients under spinal anesthesia for urological surgery on body temperature, shivering, thermal discomfort and recovery room stay time. Methods: 64 patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to either the “intravenous fluid warming group” or the “blanket group”. The fluid warmer used in the “intravenous fluid warming group” was operated from anesthesia induction to recovery room exit. The data the final 60 patients(intravenous fluid warming group=30 and blanket group=30.) were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, repeated-measures ANOVA, 2-test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: During surgery, 9 patients (30%) in "Intravenous fluid warming group" and 25 patients (83.3%) in “blanket group” were hypothermic (2=17.37, p<.001). During recovery from anesthesia, 20 patients (66.7%) in the "intravenous fluid warming group" and 29 patients (96.7%) in the "blanket treatment group" had hypothermia (2=9.01, p=.003). The perception of thermal discomfort was significantly lower in the 'intravenous fluid warming group' at the time of entering the recovery room (t=−4.34, p<.001) and at the time of leaving (t=−2.84, p=.006). There was no significant difference in shivering and recovery room stay time between the two groups. Conclusion: In urological surgery under spinal anesthesia, application of an intravenous fluid warmer rather than covering the patient was more effective at increasing body temperature and reducing thermal discomfort, but did not prevent hypothermia. Therefore, additional studies on effective hypothermia prevention methods are needed.

PROPHYLACTIC PHOTOBIOMODULATION PROTOCOL IN PERIORAL HERPETIC INFECTION: CASE SERIES

The herpes simplex virus usually affects the lips and the perioral region, and the use of antivirals is the most common treatment. A preventive approach is not yet consolidated in the literature. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical response of prophylactic photobiomodulation in individuals with perioral herpetic infection (PHI). Five patients with a history of PHI underwent 20 sessions of photobiomodulation: 10 consecutive sessions and another 10 sessions after 6 months. The photobiomodulation parameters used were 780 nm, 100 mW, 40.65 J/cm², 4 J/point, 60 points in the perioral region. The patients were evaluated before the protocol (T1) and after 12 months (T2) regarding the clinical parameters frequency of lesions, healing time, perception of discomfort, and number of lesions. Sixty percent of the participants had a shorter healing time and recurrence rate after photobiomodulation. Twenty percent had no lesions during the evaluated period. The prophylactic photobiomodulation protocol decreased the frequency and severity of perioral herpetic infection.

Separation Effect and Perception of Pain and Discomfort from Kesling and Elastomeric Orthodontic Separators: An In Vivo Study

To scrutinize Kesling and elastomeric orthodontic separators, focusing on the separating effect as well as patients' perception of pain together with discomfort. The separators tested were elastomeric as well as Kesling separators. Thirty subjects, scheduled for treatment having a fixed orthodontic appliance, were categorized into two groups. In group I subjects, elastomeric separators were placed, whereas in group II subjects, Kesling separators were placed. After 3 days, the extent of separation was recorded with a leaf gauge. A questionnaire of eight questions and visual analog scale were used to note the patient perceptions of pain and discomfort. The mean separation formed by elastomeric and Kesling separator was 0.0457 and 0.0437 mm, respectively, of which elastomeric separator had made highest separation than the other separator used for the generation of separation at day 1 whereas the mean separation created by the elastomeric and Kesling separator at day 2 was 0.2327 mm and 0.1903 mm, respectively. 46.7% of patients on day 1, and on day 2, 56.7% of patients reported discomfort but not pain, while 73.3% of patients on day 3 reported discomfort but not pain from both types of separator. On day 1, 6.7% of patients, 13.3% on day 2, and 6.7% again on day 3 reported feeling pressure but no pain or discomfort. Elastomeric separators exhibited the highest separation compared to Kesling used for the separation, at all three days. The Kesling separator was a separator of choice in cases where the interproximal contact was tight. Discomfort and pain due to separator will be minimized by reducing the duration of separator placement. Hence treatment acceptability will be more. There is no significant difference found in separation by increasing the day.

Perceived Physical Discomfort and Its Associations With Home Office Characteristics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and change in perception of physical discomfort, including musculoskeletal discomfort, during the COVID-19 pandemic and to determine associations of demographic factors, telework activity, and home office characteristics with the highest prevalence of discomfort.BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic forced a substantial increase in telework in many countries. The sudden change from a regular workplace to an improvised “home office” may have an impact on working conditions and physical symptoms of office workers. However, investigations in this area remain limited.MethodA cross-sectional study design was used to compare self-reported complaints of physical discomfort perceived from before with those during the pandemic. Associations between complaints and home office characteristics were investigated from 150 faculty and 51 administrative staff of an academic institution with an age range of 41.16 ± 10.20 (59% female).ResultsA significant increase of physical discomfort was found during the pandemic period for head, eyes, hand, and upper back for both staff and faculty and neck, shoulders, elbows, and lower back for faculty only. Logistic regression analyses point to associations with the lack of a laptop stand, uncomfortable desk, poor lighting, and sitting time, among others.ConclusionA high prevalence of physical discomfort was reported by teleworkers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some home office characteristics were associated with these discomforts.ApplicationSome telework characteristics seem to be risk factors for physical discomfort. Consideration should be given to teaching best practices for workstation setup and/or conducting other preventive interventions in the work environment.

Effects of surgical and FFP2 masks on vocal tract discomfort perception and on acoustic features of speech therapist's voice after a working day

article: Effects of surgical and FFP2 masks on vocal tract discomfort perception and on acoustic features of speech therapist’s voice after a working day - Otorhinolaryngology 2022 September;72(3):107-13 - Minerva Medica - Journals

교직사회에서의 세대 차이 및 갈등 인식

This study explored the generation gap and conflict among teachers in the teaching society focusing on mutual perceptions and evaluations between teacher generations. For this purpose, in study 1 we classified elementary school teachers into the following: 86 generation, X generation, and the MZ generation respectively and examined the degree of mutual perception of each other by generation. Results of survey analysis show that the perception of generational differences between young MZ generation teachers in their 20s and 30s and 86 generation teachers in their 50s and 60s was noticeable, indicating clear generational boundaries. On the other hand, Generation X, who is in their 40s, is a generation sandwiched between the younger generation of the MZ generation and the older generation of 86 generation in terms of psychological distance. In addition, MZ generation teachers tended to perceive that generation differences could be the cause of intergenerational conflict than 86 or X generation teachers, but overall, elementary school teachers did not have a high perception of teacher conflict in schools. In study 2, through empirical data through FGI, how to evaluate each other between generations and the contents of mutual evaluation between teacher generations were examined in more detail. As a result of the study, each generation had both positive and negative perceptions of the other generation, but in particular, the lower generation, the MZ generation, had a stronger negative perception of the upper generation, the 86 generation. However, the perception of psychological discomfort or conflict felt by the other generation seems to be caused by differences in subjective perceptions and interpretations of expression methods or behavior patterns between generations. Based on the results of this study, implications for intergenerational communication and cooperation in the teaching society were discussed.

Preoperative Education for Less Outpatient Pain after Surgery (PELOPS trial) in orthopedic patients—study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundSuccessful pain management after outpatient surgery requires proper education leading to correct decisions on the analgesics use at home. Despite different strategies adopted, up to ½ of patients receive little or no information about the treatment of postoperative pain, 1/3 of them are not able to follow postoperative analgesia instructions. This leads to higher rates of unmet needs in pain treatment, post-discharge emergency calls, and readmissions. Structured educational interventions using psychological empowering techniques may improve postoperative pain management. We hypothesize that preoperative education on use of an improved pain scale to make correct pain management decisions will improve the quality of post-operative pain management at home and reduce analgesics-related side effects.MethodsA total of 414 patients scheduled for an outpatient orthopedic surgery (knee/shoulder arthroscopic interventions) are included in this randomized (1:1) controlled trial. Patients in the control arm receive standard information on post-discharge pain management. Patients in the experimental arm receive structured educational intervention based on the rational perception of postoperative pain and discomfort (anchoring and improved pain scale), and the proper use of analgesics. There is no difference in post-discharge analgesics regimen in both arms. Patients are followed for 30 days post-discharge, with the primary outcome expressed as total pain relief score at 5 days. Secondary outcomes include the incidence of severe pain during 30 days, changes in sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Assessment), and patients’ perception of postoperative pain management assessed with the International Pain Outcomes questionnaire at day 30 post-discharge.DiscussionThe developed intervention, based on an improved pain scale, offers the advantages of being non-surgery-specific, is easily administered in a short amount of time, and can be delivered individually or in-group, by physicians or nurses.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03754699. Registered on November 27, 2018.

English

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of anthropometric variables and flexibility on the performance of women aged 55+ years on abdominal test protocols. The sample was composed by 20 physically active volunteers, aged 55 years (median 61), who were participants in gymnastic activities program. Each volunteer performed two abdominal tests: partial trunk flexion with a 7.6 cm sliding of the hands (P1) and partial flexion of the trunk with the hands on the thighs (P2), both executed with the feet resting on the ground. For analysis, the number of correct executions (final position) was considered in each test, as recommended by the authors. Measurements of body mass, flexibility, height, waist and hip perimeters, subjective perception of exertion, and calculations of body mass index and waist-hip ratio were performed. The perception of abdominal effort, and discomfort or pain in the cervical and lumbar region were also evaluated. The results showed that there were no statistically significant associations between the analyzed indicators (Age: P1: rs = -0.024, p = 0.916; P2: rs = -0.194, p = 0.407; BMI: P1: rs =-0.064, p = 0.792; P2: rs = -0.235, p= 0.327; Waist Circumference: P1: rs = -0.143, p = 0.563; P2: rs = 0.027, p = 0.908; Flexibility: r s= -0.327, p = 0.169; P2: rs = 0.0009, p = 0.991; Hip waist ratio: P1: rs = -0.209, p = 0.371; P2: rs = 0.217, p = 0.353) and the performance on the tests. In addition, 35% of the participants made valid attempts on P1 while 45% produced at least one valid attempt on P2. It was concluded that both abdominal tests were adequate for the studied sample and they can be applied to adult and elderly women to assess their abdominal musculature.

Arthroscopic Latarjet for Primary Shoulder Instability With Off-Track Lesions or Revision Surgery Yields Satisfactory Clinical Results and Reliable Return to Sport and Work at Minimum 3-Year Follow-Up

To retrospectively evaluate clinical and radiologic outcomes and return to sport and to work of patients after arthroscopic Latarjet stabilization for primary instability or revision surgery; factors influencing and determining results and potential predictors for clinical outcomes also were evaluated. This is a retrospective study including patients older than 18 years old who underwent arthroscopic Latarjet stabilization for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability with off-track lesions, or for cases of recurrence after previous surgery, from 2011 to 2017. Patients were assessed preoperatively and at a minimum 3 years of follow-up using the Rowe score, the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score and Simple Shoulder Test score; the range of motion, satisfaction rate, return to work and sport, perception of discomfort during sporting and daily activities, and complications and recurrence after surgery were also evaluated. The integration of the coracoid graft and the position of the screws were examined by computed tomography scan. At a mean follow-up time of 6 ± 2 years, 93 patients (95 shoulders) showed significant improvement of all scale scores (P < .001), 97.8% of the patients had returned to the same working condition as before surgery, and all the patients who practiced sports preoperatively (85; 91.4%) returned to sport after surgery; 97.9% of patients were satisfied with surgery. The complication rate was 5.4%, and 2 cases (2.1%) of recurrence occurred, both after high-energy trauma. At an average of 17 ± 13 months postoperatively, computed tomography scans showed 4 (6.6%) stable nonunions, 9 (14.8%) superior, and 1 (1.6%) inferior lyses of the graft; a correct positioning of the graft was observed in 86.9% of the cases. Greater satisfaction, fewer complications, less pain during daily activities, and a lower number of reoperations were associated with a shorter time between the first dislocation episode and surgery (P= .019, P < .001, P= .014, and P=.005, respectively). Complications were directly associated with older patient age at operation (P= .001). A greater number of nonunions was found in patients with increased angle between the line linking the posterior and anterior glenoid rim and the screw axis (P= .040) and a medial axial position or a lower coronal position of the graft (both P=.010). A lower age at the time of surgery predicted better Rowe scores at follow-up (P < .001), and a lower age at the time of the first episode of dislocation predicted better postoperative Simple Shoulder Test scores (P= .026). At a mean 6-year follow-up time, excellent clinical outcomes, and radiological results, with few complications, high rates of satisfaction and return to work and sport and low sports anxiety can be expected after arthroscopic Latarjet procedure. A shorter time between the first dislocation episode and surgery was associated with higher satisfaction, fewer complications, less pain during daily activities and lower reoperations; a lower age at the operation was associated with lower complications.