Discipline Of Economics Research Articles

Premodern Germany and the teleology of economic history

Premodern Germany and the teleology of economic history

Gender gap in mobility outside home in urban India

India has one of the highest levels of gender inequality in the world. Work participation rate of women is among the lowest, with a wide gender gap. There are seclusion norms that restrict the mobility of women outside the home. However, transport literature in India has not explored the impact of this lack of autonomy on gender differences in travel demand. I use 2019 population-representative nationwide time-use survey of India. The dataset reported both travel and non-travel activities for 30-minute episodes over a 24-hour period. For urban residents, I analysed gender differences in trip rates and mobility rates, where the latter is defined as the percentage going out of home at least once on the reporting day. I developed gender-stratified logistic regression models at the individual level with mobility as a binary outcome. It was found that 53% of the females did not report going out of the home compared to only 14% of males. The mobility of females reduces steeply from adolescence to young adulthood and then remains largely stable at a low level before reducing further for older adults. No such variation is observed among males, except their mobility is also reduced among older adults. There is a clear dichotomy with women mostly participating in in-house activities while men mostly involved in out-of-home activities. Adolescence or adulthood, marriage, living with one or more household members, having an infant in the house, lower income, and less education are associated with a lower likelihood of female mobility. The results highlight the need for gender-stratified analysis for transportation research, and a need for greater engagement across the disciplines of development economics, social sciences, and transport planning.

The history of energy efficiency in economics: Breakpoints and regularities

Taking a long-run historical perspective, we analyze how debates about energy efficiency have evolved in the economic literature since the mid-19th century. We distinguish three periods: the classical age, focused on the rebound effect, from Jevons in the 1860s to American institutionalism in the mid-20th century; the modern age, marked by the rise of the energy efficiency gap concept, from the 1970s to the 1990s; the contemporary age, from the early 2000s onwards, focused on the concept of energy performance gap. We find that reflections on energy efficiency have embraced more general developments in the economics discipline: emergence of institutionalism in the classical age, primarily concerned with policy; public economics in the modern age, emphasizing the concept of market failure; behavioral economics and the so-called credibility revolution in empirical economics in the contemporary age, which made energy efficiency a much-favored context for conducting experiments, questioning rationality and implementing nudges. The transitions between phases closely paralleled changes in societal concerns, from resource depletion in the classical age to energy security in the modern age to climate change in the contemporary age. Throughout this long history, we have detected a change in focus from macro- to micro-perspectives. Despite increasing sophistication and constant reinterpretation, energy efficiency remains a subject of controversy, such that no consensus has yet been reached on its potential and effective benefits. In closing, we propose to update Jaffe, Newell and Stavins' landmark energy efficiency gap framework to account for the most recent developments and trace avenues for future research.

Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Outdoor Sports Risk Self-Assessment on Insurance Psychology.

The development potential of China's medical insurance market is huge, and the research on medical insurance demand has always been the focus of academic discussions. As a result, the discipline of behavioral economics is derived, which aims to explain the decision-making behavior of individual insurance consumption. Among them, the focus of this study was to investigate the influence of individual psychological characteristics and cognitive level on insurance behavior under the difference of reference points. This paper combined behavioral insurance, actuarial mathematics and the econometrics knowledge system, comprehensive theoretical analysis, and empirical tests and analyzed the impact mechanism of individual frame effect on medical insurance demand under different reference points at multiple levels. At the same time, based on the risk self-assessment of outdoor sports, the artificial intelligence of insurance psychology was analyzed. Based on the correlation vector machine algorithm and the theoretical basis combined with the dual perspective of insurance products, the expected utility model was established under the "guarantee framework", and the prospect theoretical model was established under the "profit and loss framework". The framing effect was used to measure the relative size of "guarantee utility" and "profit and loss utility", and a high-insurance-rate model and a low-insurance-rate model were established. The theoretical model analysis found that under the high insurance rate, because the "profit and loss utility" is positive, the size of the individual frame effect is positively correlated with the willingness to insure. Under the low insurance rate, because the "profit and loss utility" is negative, the size of the individual frame effect is negatively correlated with the willingness to insure. The research results of this paper show that insurance is an important beginning of insurance consumption behavior, which includes the complex mentality and emotion of consumers on insurance activities. The insurance demand of policyholders is formed by the joint action of external and internal incentives. Many factors such as income level and education level play an important role in insurance consumption decision making.

Peculiarities of gender disambiguation and ordering of non-English authors’ names for Economic papers beyond core databases①

Abstract Purpose To supplement the quantitative portrait of Ukrainian Economics discipline with the results of gender and author ordering analysis at the level of individual authors, special methods of working with bibliographic data with a predominant share of non-English authors are used. The properties of gender mixing, the likelihood of male and female authors occupying the first position in the authorship list, as well as the arrangements of names are studied. Design/methodology/approach A data set containing bibliographic records related to Ukrainian journal publications in the field of Economics is constructed using Crossref metadata. Partial semi-automatic disambiguation of authors’ names is performed. First names, along with gender-specific ethnic surnames, are used for gender disambiguation required for further comparative gender analysis. Random reshuffling of data is used to determine the impact of gender correlations. To assess the level of alphabetization for our data set, both Latin and Cyrillic versions of names are taken into account. Findings The lack of well-structured metadata and the poor use of digital identifiers lead to numerous problems with automatization of bibliographic data pre-processing, especially in the case of publications by non-Western authors. The described stages for working with such specific data help to work at the level of authors and analyse, in particular, gender issues. Despite the larger number of female authors, gender equality is more likely to be reported at the individual level for the discipline of Ukrainian Economics. The tendencies towards collaborative or solo-publications and gender mixing patterns are found to be dependent on the journal: the differences for publications indexed in Scopus and/or Web of Science databases are found. It has also been found that Ukrainian Economics research is characterized by rather a non-alphabetical order of authors. Research limitations Only partial authors’ name disambiguation is performed in a semi-automatic way. Gender labels can be derived only for authors declared by full First names or gender-specific Last names. Practical implications The typical features of Ukrainian Economic discipline can be used to perform a comparison with other countries and disciplines, to develop an informed-based assessment procedure at the national level. The proposed way of processing publication data can be borrowed to enrich metadata about other research disciplines, especially for non-English speaking countries. Originality/value To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale quantitative study of Ukrainian Economic discipline. The results obtained are valuable not only at the national level, but also contribute to general knowledge about Economic research, gender issues, and authors’ names ordering. An example of the use of Crossref data is provided, while this data source is still less used due to a number of drawbacks. Here, for the first time, attention is drawn to the explicit use of the features of the Slavic authors’ names.

American utopias in the 19th century: Religious versus ideological farms in the west of the United States

This is a critical-hermeneutical and historical-comparative study on Political Economy, Economic History and Social Thought, applied to the American utopias in the 19th century and its role in the colonisation of the United States (US) west. This review is based on a heterodox economic approach, used in the disciplines of Religion and Economics. It gives a general view of religious and ideological utopias, as cooperative enterprises of intentional life in farms and workshop, making a comparative analysis of efficiency and sustainability. This study attempts to explain the colonial paradox of American utopias because the last established, with more inversion, they were the first to fall. This study shapes the development of the western territories, from the Quaker’s Holy Experiment framework and its support for the utopias experiments in the expansion to Ohio, Indiana and Illinois.Contribution: This review offers a descriptive and explanatory study on the colonisation of the US west, under the hermeneutical turn from heterodox economic approaches, to deal with some current contradictions and anachronism in the mainstream view. Also, there is a systematisation of the American utopias, divided into religious and ideological experiments, with a comparison.

PROFILE ROMAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY HISTORY

Fundamentally, Roman economic history is the study of how and why inhabitants of the Roman world produced, distributed and exchanged goods and services. By understanding the economic actions, events, institutions and products of the Roman world, Roman economic historians come to understand better the Romans themselves: their motivations, values, relationships and identities, among other things. With such a broad remit, today's Roman economic and monetary historians not only scour traditional sources for evidence of Roman commerce, prices, labour, capital and contracts, but they now deploy an ever-broadening range of methodologies, theories and approaches – some of which originate well outside the disciplines of both history and economics. Some Roman economic historians, for example, create, investigate and run simulations, using massive digital archives of data gleaned from ancient evidence. Others compare micro-nutrients in ancient wheat varieties with their modern counterparts to gain a better understanding of diet, nutrition and economic prosperity in Roman cities. Increasingly, specialists in some aspect of the Roman economy find themselves members of internationally funded interdisciplinary teams seeking to understand what Arctic ice cores or North-American tree rings say about money production in the Roman principate. Roman economic historians’ scholarly sprawl has never been more challenging to describe, but I believe it is possible to group recent developments in the field into three overlapping areas: digitisation, particularisation and consilience.

From statistics to development: the Historical School of Economics and the International Statistical Institute

ABSTRACT When the International Statistical Institute (ISI) was founded in London in 1885, it assembled statisticians and demographers, as well as engineers and even entrepreneurs. Most of all, however, it brought together economists, which quickly made the ISI the most important international forum for the discipline. Based on intensive study of official ISI publications as well as the correspondence and writings of its members, the article first describes the foundation of the ISI from the perspective of the growing discipline of economics, and with a particular eye on followers of the younger German Historical School of Economics. Focusing on labour statistics, it then delves into one field of activity of this group of Institute members more thoroughly in order to reflect their contribution to the concept of economic development, whose origins are usually located in the context of ninetenth-century colonialism. Ultimately, the article makes the case for attributing to the International Statistical Institute its due place and significance in the intellectual history of development thinking.

Zastosowanie modelowania PLS-SEM do badania innowacyjności gospodarek krajów Unii Europejskiej

Purpose – The article aims to present the possibility of using PLS-SEM method in research on the innovativeness of EU economies. Research method – Structural equation modeling is a method that allows the study of relationships between variables that are unobservable. The SEM model consists of two sub-models: structural and measurement. Covariance-based (CB) or partial least squares (PLS) methods are used to estimate the model. The choice depends on the empirical context, research objectives, sample size and statistical properties of the data. Due to the small size of the population, the PLS method was used in the study. The models were estimated on the basis of cross-sectional data for 2018 and 2021. Results – The article presents the stages of construction of the PLS-SEM model, from model specification, through estimation, statistical verification, to interpretation of the results. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of formulating conclusions based on various elements of the estimated model. Originality / value / implications / recommendations – PLS-SEM is a relatively new econometric method belonging to the group of second generation multivariate analysis methods. Its dynamic development can be observed especially in management sciences. In the discipline of economics, the method is not widely known and used, but it has great potential and can be useful in the study of relationships between unobservable categories. The empirical research presented in the article fills the cognitive gap in the use of advanced econometric methods in economic research.

Causal complexity in human research: On the shared challenges of behavior genetics, medical genetics, and environmentally oriented social science.

We received 23 spirited commentaries on our target article from across the disciplines of philosophy, economics, evolutionary genetics, molecular biology, criminology, epidemiology, and law. We organize our reply around three overarching questions: (1) What is a cause? (2) How are randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and within-family genome-wide association studies (GWASs) alike and unalike? (3) Is behavior genetics a qualitatively different enterprise? Throughout our discussion of these questions, we advocate for the idea that behavior genetics shares many of the same pitfalls and promises as environmentally oriented research, medical genetics, and other arenas of the social and behavioral sciences.

Перспективи визнання економічних спеціальностей і цифрової оцінки вченого в Україні

Scientific research on the prospects for the development of education and science in Ukraine in the context of European integration and information transformation is considered at almost every scientific conference and is present in government decisions of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine. However, there are still many unsolved questions (and often debatable) about the prospects for recognizing economics specialties in the new system of adaptation to the International Standard for the Classification of Education, which requires detailed revision. Simultaneously, given the positive trends in the development of the digital economy in Ukraine, we believe that it is worth exploring the possibility of developing a methodological approach to the digital assessment of a scientist. The article considers the analysis of economics specialties that were enshrined in the system of higher education in Ukraine before 2015 and further on, taking into account adaptation to international standards. However, blind copying of foreign standards has buried alive the economic science itself, which was based on marketing, accounting and auditing, and finance. Therefore, the publication presents a graphical model of the relationship between economics specialties through the analysis of the fundamental understanding of its individual directions. It is also emphasized that it is necessary to enshrine in the economic science the specialty «Management (by kinds of economic activity)» at the master’s and doctoral levels of higher education. This can be justified by the fact that not all specialists in a particular sector of the economy (educators, employees of health care institutions, etc.), although they are professionals in their field, due to the lack of knowledge in various disciplines of management and economics, can be efficient managers. Management is one of the directions of economic science, the subject of study of which is the search for methods of rational organization of the production system on the basis of marketing, financial and accounting support for the creation and realization of consumer value and obtaining the planned profit. The number of higher education institutions in each region allows creating new and improving traditional educational programs directly for the specific features of regional business. Thus, further research should be aimed at studying individual educational programs of economic specialties in the regions of Ukraine in order to form a national strategy for the development of higher education for subsequent years. Regarding the development of scientific research in the context of the formation of a digital society, we propose to create a web platform for assessing the scientific activities of scientists based on the results of conferences, seminars or forums on the basis of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (MES) in cooperation with other educational and scientific organizations. The algorithm of actions should be as follows: an educational and scientific organization coordinates with the MES the relevant scheduled conference; a scientific platform is created on the website of the MES, where interested conference participants register personal pages and which are open to other registered participants; the latter send materials to the educational and scientific organization holding the conference; the educational and scientific organization forms a scientific manual in electronic format, each article of which is displayed simultaneously on the personal page of the conference participant; in the future, each registered participant may, if desired, express his own scientifically based comment and rate for this material (0–100 points). Therefore, further scientific research should be aimed at determining the classification criteria in establishing points for scientific material in accordance with the assessment «Excellent, can be implemented (90–100 points)» to «Unsatisfactory, requires significant revision (up to 50 points)».

О синтезе и междисциплинарности в экономической теории: сравнение русскоязычного и англоязычного дискурсов

Synthesis and interdisciplinarity in economic theory are considered promising directions for resolving the contradictions that have accumulated in the theory. The paper analyzes one of the extreme va­riants of interdisciplinary synthesis as presented in the work of Evgeny V. Balatsky, "New Imperatives of Economic Knowledge: On the Way to Socionomics" (2022. In Russian). The creation of a synthesised science of socionomics is proposed by Balatsky as an alternative to modern economics which is no longer able to get out of the “global methodological impasse” and give adequate answers to the challenges of practice. Socionomics should unite and streamline the principles, rules, effects, models and facts about the functioning of social systems “scattered over different sources”. We use the methodology of scientific critical discourse to analyze Balatsky’s proposals about the new science in this paper. At the same time, other forms of interdisciplinary interactions are also considered. First, we talk about the creation of ‘joint’ sciences with econo­mics for more in-depth answers to questions posed by practice (among them are neuroeconomics, econophysics, social economics, and complexity economics, etc.). Second, in addition to replacing economics with a new science and creating ‘joint’ sciences, relations of economics with other social disciplines on the basis of ‘soft’ interdisciplinary convergence are considered. In this case, there is a co-tuning of the general conceptual framework, as well as an exchange of models and methods of analysis between disciplines. However, despite this exchange, the disciplines do not become integrated with each other and retain their independence. Finally, the development of pluralism in economics is also considered as an additional prospect for the deve­lopment of economic discipline. The use of the methodology of scientific critical discourse, a structured lite­rature review and bibliometric analysis in our research made it possible to formulate the following conclusions. The first conclusion is that Russian-speaking and English-speaking economists assess the need for interdisciplinary synthesis in economic theory differently — the former consider it more necessary, especially in the face of modern global challenges. English-speaking economists are less radical in this regard and see the development of economics mostly as just an increase in interdisciplinary interactions. Another conclusion is that in English-language economic literature pluralism is a more pronounced trend in the development of modern economic science rather than the focus on synthesis.

Reporting Verbs in L1 and L2 English Novice Academic Writing

The paper contributes to the research on academic attribution by exploring syntactic-semantic patterns of English reporting verbs used by three types of academic writers, namely L2 novice (with Czech as their L1), L1 novice and L1 expert academic writers. It investigates the impact which both the EFL and EAP challenge has on the use of these verbs by L2 novice academic writers. Our approach combines contrastive analysis and learner corpus research, focusing on academic writing in English in the discipline of economics. The results suggest that although similarities among the groups prevail, Czech novice academic writers tend to resort to patterns associated with informal, conversational rather than academic style. Pedagogical implications of the findings could include raising students’ awareness of the practice of appropriate academic reporting as one of the skills needed for them to accommodate themselves to the conventions of English as the academic lingua franca.

How the analytical hierarchical process and revitalisation work together: A case study of Poland

Due to the multifaceted nature of the revitalisation process, its evaluation and monitoring, as well as possible comparisons, are complex and difficult to carry out. Evaluation of the revitalisation process currently poses a challenge for all municipalities. The article aims to compare the revitalisation process in the two Polish cities of Toruń and Bydgoszcz. The analysis was based on two financial perspectives: 2007–2015 and 2016–2023. The authors chose a multi-criteria analysis method based on the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) as the main research method. The results show that the Local Revitalisation Programme of the City of Toruń for the years 2007–2015 had the best impact on the revitalisation process. Using the AHP method, we could carry out a multidimensional evaluation of the revitalisation process. Moreover, it allowed us to combine different elements of the evaluation of the revitalisation process and transform them into one synthetic result, ranking each programme in a hierarchy. At the methodological level, the article presents a new approach to conduct research in socio-economic geography, using the tool of multi-criteria analysis derived from the disciplines of economics and management sciences. Until now, the AHP method has not been used in the analysis of the revitalisation process, which confirms the innovative character of the conducted research.

M. C. Behera. Globalising and Rural Development: Competing Paradigms and Emerging Realities, New Delhi/Thousand Oaks/London: Sage Publications. 2006. Paperback. Indian Rs 550.00.

Rural development provides an understanding which is both broader and more specific than development in terms of economic growth. It is broader because it entails much more than economic growth as factors affecting it are not contained within the discipline of formal economics. Rural development includes not only attention to production, but also to the analysis of distributional issues and, therefore, demands an inter-disciplinary approach in which the broader social and political factors interacting with economic processes are subject to examination. Even in this age of globalisation, rural development has acquired a central role in the international development discourse. This is because there is a shift in the development paradigm along with the process of globalisation and nations need to formulate their rural development strategies fitting into this international discourse.

Islamic economics education in Indonesia: Quranic view and epistemological problems analysis

Responding to the great potential of Shariah-based economics, various higher education institutions in Indonesia are trying to make breakthroughs by establishing a study program in Islamic economics. The issue stems from the fact that Islamic Economics is offered as a course at several Indonesian higher education institutions. Because economics and shariah have distinct philosophical science scopes, it will indirectly result in epistemological issues in the philosophy of science. These epistemological issues need to be answered and resolved to ensure that the outcomes of these educational programs do not conflict with the goals for which they were established. This study aims to provide solutions to these epistemological problems, particularly in the institutional environment or higher education institutions, and to analyze the Quranic view as well as the position and application of Islamic economics between the influence of economics and Fiqh al-Mu‘āmalah. The methods of content analysis and library research were utilized in this qualitative-descriptive study. The study’s results indicated that Islamic economics is not just a system or norm, as people have previously suspected, but also a scientific discipline discovered through scientific methodology. The position of Islamic economics between the influence of economics and Fiqh al-Mu‘āmalah challenging to combine them. The fundamental difference between them, especially in the epistemological aspect, requires thinking to synergize and integrate into the discipline of Islamic economics.

New developments in the disciplines of environmental and resource economics

The disciplines of environmental and resource economics have been developed over decades as a substantial specialisation of economic theory and application. Environmental economics evaluates environmental goods while resource economics analyses scarce resource allocation. Given that climate change, biodiversity loss, water crisis and other aspects of environmental change are clearly evident to society, it is only natural that economists should also focus on economic sustainability. Therefore, nowadays environmental economics has become a more integrated sustainability science with a focus on resources and resource productivity and the part it plays in the circular economy. In this paper then, we consider recent developments of stock measures of capital, where investment plays a key role. Then, we introduce this special issue development and how policy and investments interact with the environment.

General Management Components Involved in the Management of Financial Audit and Control

The efficient functioning of organizations cannot be achieved without ensuring the correct use of the public or
 private funds that are at their disposal, in accordance with the objectives which they have set for themselves. Managers have the task of managing the funds in accordance with the legislation in force, as well as taking measures in order to prevent, sanction or recover any damage caused by financial irregularities or by the failure to achieve the objectives for which they were allocated.
 A basic concept in the theory and practice of modern management is represented by responsibility. To fulfill his
 responsibility/responsibilities, the manager needs a system of guidance, self-regulation or coercion, and that system is represented by control. Control, and in particular the financial audit and control, contributes to the evaluation of the programs performance, to the planning of activities and to a good management of resources. The successful accomplishment of these tasks cannot be accomplished outside of management science and the reverberations it entails.
 The role and importance of the financial audit and control in management, imposes, as it is shown in this approach, the
 need for a management of this activity, which would have its own structural elements, with specific relationships between them, and also with the system in which it evolves.
 The financial audit and control management, as a segment of management, must be defined starting from the general
 management. That is why, in this paper, I tried to approach, as a personal contribution, the management and financial audit in terms of general components (Management Science, Scientific Management, Management Processes, Management Relations, Management Principles, Management as a synthetic economic discipline) and in terms of the components of the organization's Management system (Information system, Decision system, Organizational system, Methodological system). The study that took place revealed a series of predictable influences such as: the need to create some computerized infrastructures, to create some horizontal information networks that would allow the efficient use of knowledge, increasing the role of management by objectives coupled with management through budgets, elaborating complex analysis and evaluation methodologies.

Shackle’s Enquiry Into Choice

Despite the several attempts to rework on his ideas, using non-mainstream approaches, George L. Shackle has remained an outsider in the economic discipline. Shackle, however, if we take seriously what he thought of economics, as a discipline concerned with a subject that is not self-contained but open-ended and impermanent, is not a man alone. Starting from an assessment of Shackle’s understanding of choice as originative and creative, the paper argues that Shackle should be rescued from the role of a nihilist where he is often relegated. In this perspective, a fundamental key to assessing the originality and anticipatory character of Shackle’s contribution can be found in the recent developments of several “friendly” disciplines such as the psychology of motivations and of self-rewarding actions, narrative as the “science” of the possible and the role of calendar time in choice theory. In fact, all these novel rethinkings can contribute to the understanding of Shackle’s main point, that human (and therefore economic) agents are active, creative enterprisers, who cut the deterministic thread by injecting the new in history to come, in making a difference in the future courses of action.

What Counts—Why Growth Economics is Failing Us

A rapidly growing body of research suggests that modern economies find themselves at existential crossroads: both prosperity and survival are a function of consumption-fueled economic growth. Prosperity seemingly depends on it; survival is made increasingly impossible by it. Economists measure economic growth by what is generally recognized as a deeply flawed yet still hegemonic economic performance indicator—GDP. This paper suggests that growth based in increased consumption is in need of reconceptualization no matter what the measure, and invites the research community of the Journal of Consumer Culture to investigate what such a research agenda might look like. Economic logic itself, this essay argues, needs to be re-embedded in science, rather than operate as a self-referential logic outside of natural boundaries. Biophysical limits force us to question economic growth as a goal. A wide range of social pathologies, furthermore, from inequality to stress to loneliness, raise deep questions about the desirability of growth. The essay is a self-conscious provocation to the discipline of economics: there is an emerging need to move beyond a conceptualization of the economy as a self-contained system of monetary market exchanges defining the relations between production, distribution, and consumption.