Planning Disciplines Research Articles

Un modelo de Planificación Financiera Sostenible, a través de un proceso de optimización

El propósito del artículo es proponer un modelo sostenible de planificación financiera, a partir del cumplimiento de una serie de objetivos corporativos. El planteamiento en este sentido, es el de la optimización simultánea de estos objetivos a partir de las técnicas de optimización multicriterio

World wide spatial capital.

In its most basic form, the spatial capital of a neighborhood entails that most aspects of daily life are located close at hand. Urban planning researchers have widely recognized its importance, not least because it can be transformed in other forms of capital such as economical capital (e.g., house prices, retail sales) and social capital (e.g., neighborhood cohesion). Researchers have already studied spatial capital from official city data. Their work led to important planning decisions, yet it also relied on data that is costly to create and update, and produced metrics that are difficult to compare across cities. By contrast, we propose to measure spatial capital in cheap and standardized ways around the world. Hence the name of our project “World Wide Spatial Capital”. Our measures are cheap as they rely on the most basic information about a city that is currently available on the Web (i.e., which amenities are available and where). They are also standardized because they can be applied in any city in the five continents (as opposed to previous metrics that were mainly applied in USA and UK). We show that, upon these metrics, one could produce insights at the core of the urban planning discipline: which areas would benefit the most from urban interventions; how to inform planning depending on whether a city’s activity is mono- or poly-centric; how different cities fare against each other; and how spatial capital correlates with other urban characteristics such as mobility patterns and road network structure.

Investigating important urban characteristics in the formation of urban heat islands: a machine learning approach

Despite the urban heat islands phenomenon has long been recognized as a major urban environmental problem, it was not until recently that this urban phenomenon gained attention from the discipline of urban planning. To integrate the findings of the urban heat islands research into the planning practice, the relationship between land surface temperatures and urban physical and socioeconomic characteristics should be addressed at the planning relevant spatial scale, a land parcel. Using a parcel as a unit of analysis, this study proposed to use a machine learning approach to identify important variables in the formation of urban heat islands in Indianapolis, Indiana. Applying random forest method to planning zones, this study identified planning zone specific urban physical and socioeconomic characteristics that are important for the interpretation of urban heat islands phenomenon of Indianapolis, Indiana. The main contribution of this study is twofold: to integrate urban physical and socioeconomic characteristics into a land parcel for the better interpretation of the result of urban heat islands study into planning practice and to apply machine learning approach to identify highly determinant variables in the formation of urban heat islands.

Study. Be silent. Die: indeterminate architecture and the dispositif of studentification

This paper aims to explore the relationship between architecture and social movements in general and the indeterminate architecture of ruin and an event of squatter protest in particular. As a speculative project it reflects upon an architectural setting in which a protest took place in 2011 at the University of Sydney in Australia. Examining the architecture of this specific event and the ways architecture allows such turbulent moments to emerge are the focus of this paper. In this examination I combine the Foucauldian notion of dispositif with the emerging notion of studentification (formulated within the disciplines of geography, sociology and urban planning) in order to understand the role of architecture as a significant element in the rise of urban uprisings.

SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES OF REGIONAL PLANNING FOR LIVABLE CITIES

The rapid re-planning of cities in developing countries has mostly manifested as taking European success of urban approach into society and economy. Many issues in the Eastern areas show that the cities are growing globally under common strategy. This is a case where there is no consideration of the local factors of people mentality, climate, local architectural originality, heritage etc. Human civilization in general is progressively driven by product industry and social behaviors dominate in the world ecosystem, which is specifically circulates in all biological systems and other existing substance. Nonetheless, natural life surviving and high value of utilization by peoples lead to the approach of actual changes among issues. Regionalism begins to rise in the political agenda mostly in European countries (for instance the UK, France, Spain, Germany etc.) leading to growing experiments with both philosophy devolution and environmental degradation. Meantime this process has been getting more academic interest in the way in which regionalism has been inserted into state reconstruction. Nevertheless, all main regional institutions in the civil world actually are changed with pursuing sustainable development as part of their strategic approach to economy, regions planning and urban management. Regionics intends to reveal the significance of these factors of the formation of distinctive and identical architecture, for the creation of the expressive urban space and give a way to the planning of a sustainable city. This paper explores the overall view of the conception of regionics as a new discipline of region and urban planning. Linked to such concept of equal coexisting of human beings and planetary environment has emphasis on planning of livable cities as an integrated concept and indeed integrated device, with its insistence on the needs to see economic, social and environmental issues as always inter-related. Ideas regarding regionalism and sustainable urban planning are applicable in many societies around the world, both in economically developed countries and in regions that have either a chronology of the colonial intervention or the status of developing countries. The monography ‘Regionics’ is the first generalizing, conceptual work on the region and the sustainable development of cities, which has the opportunity for the first time to be presented to a wide audience. This paper also addresses establishing the important requirement of the way of the sustainable strategy for livable cities.

International Façades - CROFT

International Façades - CROFT

Review of Related Research on Urban Planning Discipline Based on Feminist Perspective

This paper summarizes the research progress and the main problems in this field by combing the domestic and foreign urban planning disciplines and other related disciplines in the field of "feminism", and explores the feminist research perspective into the planning The influence and significance of theory and practice, and finally put forward the research direction of domestic urban planning field combined with feminist perspective.

Towards a spatialised understanding of reconciliation

This paper argues that we should conceive of reconciliation spatially in order to unlock new insights into the process of reconciling divided societies. It seeks to respond to recent calls to put peace at the heart of geographical research, and suggests that one way in which the challenge of developing peace geographies can be meaningfully progressed is by exploring the spatial elements of the notion of reconciliation. The paper identifies four areas where a spatialised approach to reconciliation is beginning to emerge across the disciplines of urban planning, legal geographies, political science and international development. These include the role of the built environment as a facilitator of reconciliation, the existence of spatial barriers to reconciliation, the role of formalised spaces of reconciliation and the impact of everyday spaces of reconciliation. The paper interrogates the way that space creates possibilities for processes of reconciliation, and the ways that distinctive types of space are in turn created by these processes. Finally, it suggests fruitful avenues for future research, including by working across disciplines.

Competition and community in Edinburgh: contradictions in neoliberal urban development

Cities have long been recognised as key spaces for neoliberal interventions. Identified by municipal leaders as instruments in competition for internationally mobile labour and capital, cities like Edinburgh, Scotland, have increasingly been shaped by urban development practices justified by the exigencies of competition. Any project to centralise urban development processes, however, must navigate the potential obstacles to efficiency found in the discipline of urban planning, which privileges community involvement in such processes. This article explores the tension between the values of community and efficiency in urban development, showing how, in the case of a proposal for development named Caltongate, the role of a community in the planning process was disputed, precisely because of its potential, qua community, to levy moralised claims to representation. I suggest that this case is not exceptional. Rather, it illustrates a characteristic contradiction of community as a politicised identity in neoliberal urban development: it is elevated in (often moralised) rhetoric but in practice is subordinated to the objective of efficiency in the delivery of centrally determined development outcomes.

Energy and the city

Energy and the city

Beyond ecological modelling: ground-truthing connectivity conservation networks through a design charrette in Western Australia

Globally, connectivity conservation projects exist across all inhabited continents. Typically created through Geographical Information Systems and modelling processes at regional and even continental scales, these projects are seldom evaluated or ‘ground-truthed’ for their potential application at the local level where land use is fully allocated and replete with human occupation. This article reviews the accuracy of one such continental-scale connectivity conservation network, the National Green Network, through assessment and redesign by a design charrette at the local scale in York, Western Australia. Breaking with traditional process, this research considered the National Green Network model not as a final plan, but as point of departure for an iterative adjustment and redesign process through the charrette and an additional detailed design stage. Commonplace in architecture and urban planning disciplines, the application of charrettes to connectivity conservation design offers the benefits of improving design accuracy and enhancing their potential for implementation through providing valuable feedback and iterative design adjustment. The fine-tuning conducted by this research enabled the design to factor in human land-uses and influences across complex landscapes, while considering in a critical manner cultural factors that could also influence the system’s design and its success. The framing of the network as green infrastructure rather than as connectivity conservation in addition to further illustration by the landscape architect provided a spectrum of both ecological and cultural outcomes across the case study landscape, demonstrating potential impacts and opportunities offered through a series of spatially accurate and ground-truthed plans.

Participatory Budgeting: Learning Civic Capacities Through Democratic Activity

This pilot study presents an ethnographic case study of Chicago’s 49th Ward Participatory Planning Budgeting Process (PPBP). This paper brings together the disciplines of Urban Planning and Learning Sciences, using a range of methodologies to examine the complexity of learning as it occurs in participatory planning. The study focuses specifically on the Latino immigrant community’s participation in the PPBP. This paper presents an analysis of a Spanish-language Assembly in the fall of 2010. Findings show ten emergent civic capacities and how they were learned or activated in the context of the Spanish assembly. Using a Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) framework, the paper explores both the cultural historical milieu of participants’ effects of participating in democratic activity and the mediational means of the civic capacities on participation. The findings raise questions about how Latino immigrant community members engage civically, and how identities of civic participation may form over time. Lastly, how are those in charge of the participatory planning process learning to adapt the environment in order to meet the participation needs of the community?

Model-based Design Process for the Early Phases of Manufacturing System Planning using SysML

This paper presents an approach for a model-based planning process for the early phases of manufacturing system planning (MSP). The goals are a better integration of MSP with product development (PD) in the early design phases and an improvement of the coordination of the MSP-related planning disciplines. The presented approach is based on model-based systems engineering (MBSE) and is supported by a modeling scheme which uses the systems modeling language (SysML). The approach consists of a process description of the MSP and of different so called SysML views which describe the information artifacts of each MSP step. It is divided into four different modeling levels that describe the manufacturing system's structure and behavior from different points of view. In order to validate the approach, an exemplary cylinder head production was modeled. Extractions from this example are shown as SysML-diagrams. To conclude the paper, the advantages and disadvantages of using a model-based planning approach with SysML for MSP are discussed.

Teaching urbanism: the Delft approach

The Department of Urbanism at the Faculty of Architecture and Built Environment at the Delft University of Technology has a long tradition in educating generations of internationally oriented designers, planners and researchers in urbanism. Here the domain of urbanism is defined as an interdisciplinary approach that engages in real-world sociocultural, ecological and technological issues affecting urban landscapes, from the perspective of spatial planning and design. Specifically, it combines the disciplines of spatial planning, urban design and landscape architecture, having their own theories, methods and techniques, but also sharing common grounds and being complementary. Urbanism education focuses on specific context-related design tasks, in which knowledge from different disciplines is synthesised into coherent multiscale proposals. This paper aims to elaborate on the foundations of the Delft approach to urbanism education that focuses on the urban landscape as a scale continuum, uses design research and research through design as important teaching and research strategies, and regards mapping and drawing as important tools for thinking. The typical Dutch geographic context and spatial planning traditions are the foundation for this approach. The paper addresses the backgrounds and describes the principles of the present education strategies, learning tactics and examination, and identifies their challenges.

Using expert decision-making to establish indicators of urban friendliness for walking environments: a multidisciplinary assessment.

BackgroundNumerous studies have suggested that friendly walking environments positively affect physical activity and health. Creating friendly walking environments in urban areas is a complex and wide-ranging topic, and no study has yet established a set of assessment indicators by drawing on the expertise of various disciplines. This study uses a multiple-criteria decision-making technique to elucidate the environmental factors that affect the friendliness of the walking environment.MethodsWe conducted a two-phase expert questionnaire survey. Experts from the government sector, as well as the academic disciplines of urban planning, transportation, architecture, and landscape design, were recruited to establish a set of walking environment indicators; the degrees of importance assigned to these indicators by the experts were subsequently compared. In phase 1, the fuzzy Delphi method was used by 20 experts, whose responses were used to identify four dimensions and 22 indicators. In phase 2, an analytical network process approach was performed by 16 experts to determine the weights of the dimensions and indicators.ResultsThe results revealed that all of the experts ranked the four dimensions in the order of safety > facilities > aesthetics > land use mix. Of the 22 indicators, land use–diversity, land use–access, sidewalk width, sidewalk continuity, and cleanliness were considered the most important.ConclusionsThe results provide a reference for the management of walking environments by promoting pedestrian-oriented environments and public health.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-016-0071-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Making the countryside more like the countryside? Rural planning and metropolitan visions in post-quake Chengdu

In 2008, an 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck southwest China less than 100km north of Chengdu, the booming capital of Sichuan Province. The city government undertook a massive reconstruction project in its rural hinterlands that was guided by existing policies to develop rural areas through coordinated urban and rural planning. Planners sought to avoid replicating urban settlements in rural areas by developing recognizably “pastoral” villages, an approach that is being widely echoed in the relatively new discipline of rural spatial planning in China. This paper argues that such design concessions evade the key feature of the new villages: the concentration of rural residents. The Chengdu government, though this symbolic and actual de-peopling of rural landscapes, has recast rural space as an environmental amenity and an abstract stock of arable land. Drawing on interviews, site visits, and policy and media documents, the paper analyzes the metropolitan plans that provided the framework for rural reconstruction in post-quake Chengdu, and connects these to a model village site in Chengdu’s rural periphery. The case illustrates the need to understand site-level village planning in the context of regional political economies of land, and highlights the new role that metropolitan governments are playing in rural development strategies.

On continuity case studies

This article is divided into three sections. The first section provides a taxonomy of case studies within the field of business continuity along with a brief commentary. The second section discusses the proper use of case studies in general pedagogy and provides research-based recommendations for their employment. The third section provides suggestions and examples of how business continuity case studies might be utilised specifically for instruction in the discipline of business continuity planning.

Sustainability Lesson from Southeast Asia: Singapore Experience

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>To inaugurate the birth of International Journal on Livable Space (LivaS) it is proper to remind ourselves that livability requires holistic approach, strong vision, sustainable practice, and resilience. This keynote article will outline a story of Singapore, a tiny island nation without natural resources, in its continuous struggle for survival from the past to the present and towards the future. It will discuss various examples on different scale levels (city planning, architecture, design ideas, conservation projects, environmental practices, etc.), and focusing on how our planning and design disciplines can contribute to tangible efforts to achieve environmental, cultural, and economic sustainability in holistic way. </span></p></div></div></div>

INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE 4 : 2016

It is my esteem pleasure to present this Special Issue of Planning Malaysia based on selected papers presented in the 13th International Congress of Asian Planning Schools Association (APSA 2015) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. UTM, the country’s pioneer institution in the urban and regional planning discipline is indeed honoured to have hosted this prestigious event. The theme for APSA2015 was ‘Towards an Asian Urban Agenda: Planning Asian DiverseCity, IntenseCity, ComplexCity and AuthenticCity’, and oral presentation papers was featured across six tracks encompassing Urban Planning and Design Challenges; Urban Institutions and Governance; Bridging Urban Research and Urban Policy; Soul-Searching Planning Education; Green Growth and, Urban Equity and Authenticity. The theme was developed with the idea of going beyond rhetoric and planning in the Asian urban context. It is timely for the Asian urban planners to rediscover the Asian wisdom and promote an Asian renaissance in urban and regional planning.It is gratifying to acknowledge that APSA2015 had more than 200 participants from about 20 countries in Asia and other parts of the world. Thirty distinguished research articles written by national and international scholars on variety of issues of urban context have been included in this MIP special edition. The research papers selected are experimental, computational and theoretical aspects covering the broad spectrum of planning. This special edition also includes several seminal vision articles which represent the general theme of the congress. As Chairman of APSA 2015, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the Planning Malaysia, MIP for publishing this Special Issue. My profound thankfulness is also addressed to the Organising Committee and the reviewers for their effort and commitment in ensuring that this journal are published. Finally, using the Planning Malaysia Special Edition as an occasion, I would like to thank to those who has created the opportunity for this publication particularly the UIAM as the Planning Malaysia secretariat.

Faculty Performance Evaluation Using Citation Analysis

This article provides a citation analysis for faculty from Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) member schools. The article argues that Google Scholar data is a particularly valuable source of citation data for urban planning because its coverage extends beyond traditional peer-reviewed publications. The analysis reports the level of scholarly activity within the urban planning discipline. The results show citation patterns for planning faculty, departments, and universities along with discussing the distribution of citation activity across the discipline. The article concludes by encouraging planning scholars and administrators to undertake more analysis of planning scholarship to understand scholarly performance and impact.