Disciplinary Classifications Research Articles

A Comprehensive Review of Studies Focusing on the Intersection of Urban Flooding and Historic Urban Landscapes

Abstract Due to evolving climate patterns and the deterioration of infrastructure in historic cities, these urban locales confront escalating flood-related risks. A profusion of academic discourse has separately explored the subjects of urban flooding and historic urban landscapes, but an integrative, systematic review of both areas concurrently remains scarce. This review presents a holistic perspective of the convergence between urban flooding and historic urban landscapes, meticulously evaluating 101 scholarly articles sourced from the Web of Science database spanning from 2006 to 2022. The disciplinary classification encompasses 24 categories. A careful examination of the methodologies employed in these articles reveals flood vulnerability mapping as a prevalent tool in urban heritage conservation, while nature-based solutions emerge as potent strategies for mitigating urban flooding challenges. The insights derived from this review shed light on the present state of affairs regarding urban flooding risks in historic cities, and provide a wealth of information beneficial to decision-makers and practitioners engaged in urban stormwater management.

An Overview of the Impact of Interdisciplinary Research Methods on the Development of Marketing

Based on the interdisciplinary research approach, this paper discusses the impact of the interdisciplinary research approach on the development of marketing. In addition, because marketing can be regarded as a "complex system", the interdisciplinary approach has broad applicability in marketing. Therefore, this paper classifies various disciplines into five categories based on existing disciplinary classifications: formal sciences, natural sciences, social sciences, humanities and arts, and applied sciences. Then, marketing development under the influence of interdisciplinary research methods is summarized as "formal and natural sciences" and "social sciences, humanities and applied sciences". The interdisciplinary research of marketing through other disciplines enriches its theoretical foundation and provides practical guidance for real-life marketing activities.

Cognitive and interdisciplinary mobility in the social sciences and humanities: Traces of increased boundary crossing

This study presents knowledge diffusion analyses for researchers who have been active in the social sciences and humanities. We compare a network based on switches between the main disciplinary classifications of the documents authored throughout their careers to a discipline similarity network. We find that researchers are not exclusively switching between disciplines that are most similar cognitively. Only less than a third of the authors do not switch between disciplines. On the level of the individual researchers, we also study how the cognitive distance travelled relates to boundary crossing. The cognitive distance authors travel is approximated by calculating cosine distances between the vectors of title records for different periods of activity. Moving to new disciplines is found to be positively related to the cognitive distance an author travels throughout her career. Increased specialisation leading to different types of disciplinary boundary work is suggested as a potential explanation for this finding.

Bibliometric Analysis of Game Theory on Energy and Natural Resource

This paper uses CiteSpace software to conduct a bibliometric analysis of research literature under the topic of game theory which specifically focuses on energy and natural resources in the Web of Science Core Collection. The results show that: since 1990, the number of documents covering the topics of “energy” and “game theory”, and “natural resources” and “game theory” has continued to grow steadily, and entered an explosive growth stage after 2017. In terms of disciplinary classification of published papers, Energy & Fuels has the highest frequency, 311 with a significant centrality, 0.22. In terms of journal publications, Applied Energy is the most cited journal whose frequency is 311 and centrality is 0.01. In terms of country, China has the highest number of published papers, and the United States with the highest overall centrality of papers. North China Electric Power University published 31 papers, the largest number of documents from one institution. In terms of author productivity, Puyan Nie has been the most productive author since 2016. The co-citation cluster analysis on the literature topics shows that the game theory of energy and natural resources have roughly gone through four stages: (1) From 1990 to 2009, this is the embryonic stage with no more than 15 new papers per year; (2) From 2010 to 2014, this stage had microgrid as its mainstream research topic, and other topic clusters officially emerged; (3) From 2015 to 2017, the main research topics became the integrated energy system, subsidy mechanism and household energy management, with a hot topic on the evolutionary game process between government and enterprises; (4) From 2018 to 2021, this stage continued to focus on the previous topics, and the research goes much deeper, resulting in more models and new green technologies. Finally, the keyword analysis concludes with nine themes of concern in this research field, and has come to a comprehensive summary of the mainstream research methods in the field of game theory of energy and natural resources.

Subject classification algorithm of Chinese materials in university libraries based on the Bert model

At present, the construction of first-class disciplines in colleges and universities in our country is in full swing. It is of far-reaching significance to classify book resources with discipline labels, which is not only conducive to discipline construction but also a prerequisite for the construction of intelligent libraries. The traditional way of classifying books through manual experience is time-consuming and laborious, and some studies have introduced machine learning methods, but they only classify books in small specialized areas and do not take into account the current urgent need for subject classification work in university libraries. In this study, by using the BERT class pretraining model, the advantages of deep learning in feature extraction are fully utilized to extract features and classify topics for book resources, better book representations are learned, and good results are achieved on the test dataset. The experiments showed that in the best case, 94.12% of books were accurately predicted with corresponding subject labels on the subject label dataset. This study helps to realize the disciplinary label classification of book resources and has a positive effect on the librarians of university libraries to supplement the book resources with reasonable disciplinary classification labels.

Study on city digital twin technologies for sustainable smart city design: A review and bibliometric analysis of geographic information system and building information modeling integration

• Analyzes the future research trend of GIS and BIM integration through literature review. • GIS and BIM integration has been the basic technology to realize smart cities. • Future research should focus on smart city and urban rail transportation. Geographic information system (GIS) data provide geospatial data on cities and spatial analysis functions that are essential for urban design. Building information modeling (BIM) includes a digital entity of construction, a passive presentation of micro-digital information on real entities, and an active application of models in the entire life cycle realization of the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. A combination of these technologies could provide a core technology for the urban digital twin to support sustainable smart city design. Through an insightful literature review, this paper summarizes the different disciplinary classifications of GIS and BIM functional integration, distills the value of data, and discusses the ontology-based data integration approach that GIS and BIM should take in the future to conduct research on integration applications in smart cities. To verify this view, keyword analysis, co-country analysis, and co-citation and coupling analyses are conducted using CiteSpace. GIS and BIM integration has attracted much attention. However, a professional disconnect and fragmented composition pose challenges in the field of GIS and BIM integration. Future research should focus on smart city planning, updating, management; ontology-based GIS and BIM data integration platform; and operation; and the collaborative management of urban rail transportation engineering.

The Development of Pragmatics in Morris’s Behavioral Semiotics: Semiotic Perspective

Many pragmaticists claimed that pragmatics developed mainly from 1970s and 1980s, taking the emergence of its series of pragmatic theories (e.g., Cooperative Principle, Conversation Implicature, Relevance Theory, etc.), methodology, and the official issue of Journal of Pragmatics (1977) in Amsterdam as its marks. However, few scholars reinstate the historical truth of the real development of pragmatics by comparing and reviewing the semiotic thoughts between Peirce and Morris so as to discover the development and prosperity of pragmatics in Morris’s times (around 1930s). As one of the founders of modern semiotics, Morris’s major contribution derives from his proposal of trichotomy theory of semiosis, that is, syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics, grounded on which Morris intends to establish an all-inclusive general theory of signs. Substantially, Morris’s semiotic theory involves rich pragmatic thought which is inherited and developed from Peirce theory of signs that has logic and pragmaticism as its foundations. This paper aims to reveal the formation and development of pragmatics in Morris’s behavioral semiotics by means of comparing the semiotic thoughts between Peirce and Morris from the perspective of dynamic history. Specifically, this paper involves the analysis of the philosophical foundations of pragmatics, disciplinary classification, the establishment of pragmatics, theory of sign inquiry, the relevant specific semiotic views, and three semiotic dimensions of Morris’s pragmatics, which are conducive to explore the pragmatic origin and development from the perspective of Morris’s semiotic thoughts. As such, Pragmatics in Morris’s behavioral semiotics is established and developed in a systematic and formal way.

Curating duplicates: operationalizing similiarity in the Smithsonian Institution with Haida rattles, 1880-1926.

In the late nineteenth century, the anthropology curators of the Smithsonian Institution consulted their cataloguing systems and storerooms, assessing specimens in order to determine which could be designated as duplicate specimens and exchanged with museums domestically and abroad. The status of 'duplicate' for specimens was contingent on conceptions of similiarity impacted by disciplinary classification praxis, with particular emphasis on object nomenclature and formal attributes. Using rattles from Haida Gwaii collected between 1881 and 1885 by James Swan for the Smithsonian Institution, this article explores how anthropology curators designated rattles as exchangeable duplicate specimens. It considers cataloguing and spatial arrangements, as well as changing populations and formal characteristics of rattles, in order to explore how similarity was operationalized in the museum to produce duplicate anthropological specimens.

Translation semiotics and semiosic translation: clarification of disciplinary intension and concept

Abstract The paper aims to clarify the distinction of intension and concept between translation semiotics and semiosic translation to determine their disciplinary classification as well as the theoretical framework of translation semiotics. Translation semiotics is a relatively young interdisciplinary field connecting specifically semiotics and translation studies. In essence, it is a branch of semiotics where the research object is the semiotic transformations and sign activities involved in the translational semiosic and interpretive process. Semiosic translation attaches itself conceptually to an extended notion of semiosis involving the transformation of any sign system into other sign systems and pertains to the illustration and analysis of translational phenomena from the perspective of semiotics. Translation semiotics focuses on semiotic transformations and constructs a semiotic theory and application model based on the dimension of semiotic transformation. Both translation semiotics and semiosic translation take semiotic transformations as their research object. Notwithstanding, semiosic translation puts particular emphasis on semiosis, whereas translation semiotics explores the phenomena of semiotic transformations and related problems involved in the process of translation grounded on semiotic theories and methodology (Jia 2016a: 96). As such, translation semiotics and semiosic translation are under the jurisdiction of different disciplines.

Subject specialties as interdisciplinary trading grounds: the case of the social sciences and humanities

In this study we explore the disciplinary diversity present within subject specialties in the social sciences and humanities. Subject specialties are operationalized as textually coherent clusters of documents. We apply topic modelling to textual information on the individual document level (titles and abstracts) to cluster a multilingual set of roughly 45,000 documents into subject specialties. The dataset includes the metadata of journal articles, conference proceedings, book chapters, and monographs. We make use of two indicators, namely, the organizational affiliation based on the departmental address of the authors and the cognitive orientation based on the disciplinary classifications at the publication level. First, we study the disciplinary diversity of the clusters by calculating a Hill-type diversity index. We draw an overall picture of the distribution of subject specialties over diversity scores and contrast the two indicators with each other. The goal is to discover whether some subject specialties are inherently multi- or interdisciplinary in nature, and whether the different indicators are telling a well-aligned, similar story. Second, for each cluster of documents we calculate the dominance, i.e. the relative size of the largest discipline. This proxy of disciplinary concentration gives an idea of the extent to which a specialty is disciplined. The results show that all subject specialties analyzed serve as interdisciplinary trading grounds, with outliers in both directions of the disciplinary-interdisciplinary continuum. For a large share of specialties, the dominant cognitive and organizational disciplinary classification were found to be well aligned. We present a typology of subject specialties by contrasting the organizational and cognitive diversity scores.

Principal approaches to the classification of science in national, international, and European law. Part II. Subject (industry) classification. Classification by other criteria

Part II of the article deals with the approaches of modern legal sustems to the subject-matter (disciplinary) classification of science, as well as with the additional classification criteria such as mode of financing of scientific research and its importance for State and society which are employed in several legal systems.Basing on practical examples, author demonstrates that, despite the equivalence of the main classification criteria, the modern law lack uniform approaches to subject-matter (disciplinary) classification of science. This state of play characterizes both inter-state context (different scientific disciplines in different legal systems) and intra-state context (different approaches in different legal sources of the same country).Author concludes in favour of consideration of a legal recognition as a specific category of scientific research those conducted by means of megascience-facilities. The above-mentioned category can be further divided into subcategories corresponding to various types of megascience-facilities such as light-sources and neutron sources.

Tracing the context in disciplinary classifications: A bibliometric pairwise comparison of five classifications of journals in the social sciences and humanities

Abstract Despite the centrality of disciplinary classifications in bibliometric analyses, it is not well known how the choice of disciplinary classification influences bibliometric representations of research in the social sciences and humanities (SSH). This is especially crucial when using data from national databases. Therefore, we examine the differences in the disciplinary profile of an article along with the absolute and relative number of articles across disciplines using five disciplinary classifications for journals. We use data on journal articles (2006–2015) from the national bibliographic databases VABB-SHW in Flanders (Belgium) and Cristin in Norway. Our study is based on pairwise comparisons of the local classifications used in these databases, the Web of Science subject categories, the Science-Metrix, and the ERIH PLUS journal classifications. For comparability, all classifications are mapped to the OECD Fields of Research and Development classification. The findings show that the choice of disciplinary classification can lead to over- or underestimation of the absolute number of publications per discipline. In contrast, if the focus is on the relative numbers, the choice of classification has practically no influence. These findings facilitate an informed choice of a disciplinary classification for journals in SSH when using data from national databases.

Social origins of risk semiotics

The article examines the structure of the inter-relationship between society and its inherent risks, the main components of which are society’s accumulated experience in predicting and mitigating risks, the continuous complication of modern society and the new social risks it generates. The reasons for the formation of these components, the positive and negative results of their use by society are analyzed. The reactions of managers and scientists to existing social risks are described. The main difference between these reactions is the diametrically opposite attitude of managers and scientists to the phenomenon of reductionism in solving complex social problems. The article defines the role of interdisciplinary research areas (synergetics, systemology, the combined social analysis, science of science, etc.) in solving problems related to social risks. The proposed by A. G. Teslinov’s classification of existing worlds (the material world, the world of ideas, the social world and the world of signs) correlates with traditional disciplinary classifications. The place of a new scientific direction (risk semiotics) in the system of existing risk sciences, as well as among other artificial semiotics is established. The conclusion about the need for interrelated development of social semiotics and risk semiotics is substantiated.

A Glance at Tourism Economics over the last decade

The objective is to carry out a freeze frame of the English-written literature in tourism economics from 2008 to 2019. This period is not trivial since the two crises at both ends of the spectrum are breakpoints in the continuous growth of the tourism industry. Using a disciplinary classification of reference journals and focusing on the most influential contributions for this literature, a synoptic table of the diversity of research fields in economics identifies: the main issues; the scales of analysis; the disciplinary interactions; and the methodological progress. From there, future research perspectives are outlined for the coming decade.

Disciplinas escolares

Para representar la multiplicidad unificada de los saberes, los Enciclopedistas concibieron el "árbol del conocimiento". El recorrido, desde el tronco hasta las ramas más finas, ordena a la par, las áreas de conocimiento, los niveles de especialización y las etapas del currículo, desde la escuela hasta la universidad. De hecho, a pesar de sus etiquetas estables (matemáticas, historia), las disciplinas, los saberes y las ciencias están sujetas a restricciones y lógicas heterogéneas, pero la imagen del árbol que habita nuestros inconscientes escolares hace casi "impensables" otras clasificaciones disciplinarias posibles.

Classifications of science and their effects on bibliometric evaluations

Disciplinary classification of science is essential to bibliometric analyses. Given the conceptual and technical difficulties in classifying individual papers into disciplines and specialties, most classifications systems are implemented at the journal level, which affects the classification of papers published in multidisciplinary journals. In order to investigate the effect of the different classification systems on bibliometric evaluations, this study compares the rankings of the most productive institutions and most productive authors using the two types of classifications. Results show that the classification of papers has less influence on rankings at the institutional level than at the individual level. Implications for bibliometric evaluations are discussed.

Identifying publications in questionable journals in the context of performance-based research funding.

In this article we discuss the five yearly screenings for publications in questionable journals which have been carried out in the context of the performance-based research funding model in Flanders, Belgium. The Flemish funding model expanded from 2010 onwards, with a comprehensive bibliographic database for research output in the social sciences and humanities. Along with an overview of the procedures followed during the screenings for articles in questionable journals submitted for inclusion in this database, we present a bibliographic analysis of the publications identified. First, we show how the yearly number of publications in questionable journals has evolved over the period 2003-2016. Second, we present a disciplinary classification of the identified journals. In the third part of the results section, three authorship characteristics are discussed: multi-authorship, the seniority-or experience level-of authors in general and of the first author in particular, and the relation of the disciplinary scope of the journal (cognitive classification) with the departmental affiliation of the authors (organizational classification). Our results regarding yearly rates of publications in questionable journals indicate that awareness of the risks of questionable journals does not lead to a turn away from open access in general. The number of publications in open access journals rises every year, while the number of publications in questionable journals decreases from 2012 onwards. We find further that both early career and more senior researchers publish in questionable journals. We show that the average proportion of senior authors contributing to publications in questionable journals is somewhat higher than that for publications in open access journals. In addition, this paper yields insight into the extent to which publications in questionable journals pose a threat to the public and political legitimacy of a performance-based research funding system of a western European region. We include concrete suggestions for those tasked with maintaining bibliographic databases and screening for publications in questionable journals.

Using agroecology to stimulate the greening of agriculture in China: a reflection on 15 years of teaching and curriculum development

ABSTRACTEven though worldwide research and teaching in Agroecology blossomed in the 1980s, until recently, the development of Agroecology in China has been constrained by technical, cultural and economic considerations. The delay in the assimilation of Agroecology, as a science, a practice and a movement, has resulted in the discipline of Agroecology in China lacking the holistic, interdisciplinary approaches needed to respond to current global and regional agricultural challenges. There is a need to redefine Agroecology both as a critical discipline and as a pedagogical approach. By using an ecology-oriented systematic approach to integrate education and research, a reframed Agroecology is proposed; this is based on a re-imagined, holistic consideration of the hierarchy of agroecosystems. The practical experience of a 15-year international team-taught Agroecology education programme among participants from Canada and China has helped refine disciplinary classifications, both from horizontal and vertical hierarchies. There are evolving impacts of this experiment in Sino-Canadian cooperation in Agroecological research and education; they include a new generation of highly trained agroecologists prepared to act across inter-related disciplines; the alignment of Chinese universities to international agricultural curricula and a better- informed policy-making process towards greening agriculture in China.

Doing ‘Deep Big History’: Race, landscape and the humanity of H J Fleure (1877–1969)

This article argues that current programmes in the human sciences which adopt a multi-disciplinary approach to history need to be wary of treating the knowledge of the natural sciences as being independent of social influence. Such efforts to do ‘Big History’, ‘Deep History’ or co-evolutionary history themselves have a past, and this article suggests that potential practitioners could benefit from considering that historical context. To that end, it explores the career of Herbert John Fleure, a scholar whose career defied disciplinary classification, but who was concerned to understand how the human past and present could be understood as they combined in the physical and social context of their production, and what they implied for the possibility of a human future. It concludes by arguing that Fleure’s major lesson for modern researchers is his confrontation of the contingent nature and political consequences of his conclusions.

Comparing journal and paper level classifications of science

Abstract The classification of science into disciplines is at the heart of bibliometric analyses. While most classifications systems are implemented at the journal level, their accuracy has been questioned, and paper-level classifications have been considered by many to be more precise. However, few studies investigated the difference between journal and the paper classification systems. This study addresses this gap by comparing the journal- and paper-level classifications for the same set of papers and journals. This isolates the effects of classification precision (i.e., journal- or paper-level) to reveal the extent of paper misclassification. Results show almost half of papers could be misclassified in journal classification systems. Given their importance in the construction and analysis of bibliometric indicators, more attention should be given to the robustness and accuracy of these disciplinary classifications schemes.