Discharge In Pregnancy Research Articles

Microbial Isolates And Antibiotic Sensitivity Among Pregnant Women With Abnormal Vaginal Discharge At Nuhu Bamalli Maternity Hospital, Kano

Background: Abnormal vaginal discharge in a pregnant woman increases risk of complications such as abortion, premature rupture of fetal membranes, low birth weight and transmission of HIV to the fetus. Objective: To determine the microbial isolates and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnant women in Nuhu Bamali maternity hospital Kano. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study where semi structured interviewer administered questionnaires were employed to a sample of 200 respondents using a simple random sampling technique. High vaginal swab samples were collected from pregnant women with abnormal vaginal discharge at the antenatal clinic. Result: Prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge among pregnant women in this study was 5.25%. Young maternal age, low parity, lack of western education and unemployment were found to be associated with risk of abnormal vaginal discharge (p˂0.001). The prevalence of positive culture was 83.5% in women with abnormal vaginal discharge; C. albicans (33%), E. coli (23%), S. aureus (17.5%), Klebseilla sp. (7.5%), and Streptococcus sp. (2.5%). Eighty-three percent of microorganism were sensitive to Augmentin, 79% to erythromycin, 62% to Ofloxacin and 41% to gentamicin. Most of the organisms were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin. Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal vaginal discharge in pregnancy is 5.25% with C. albicans and E. coli being the commonest causes. Most of the organisms are sensitive to Augmentin and Erythromycin. Both antibiotics are safe in pregnancy.

Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy: The Relationship of Uterine Contractions in the Case of Preterm Birth

Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy: The Relationship of Uterine Contractions in the Case of Preterm Birth

Management of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators during Pregnancy-A Systematic Review.

Background: With the advent of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) technology in recent decades, patients with inherited or congenital cardiomyopathy have a greater chance of survival into adulthood. Women with ICDs in this group are now more likely to reach reproductive age. However, pregnancy represents a challenge for clinicians, as no guidelines for the treatment of pregnant women with an ICD are currently available. Methods: To analyze this issue, we performed a systematic screening of the literature using the keywords: pregnancy with ICD, lead fracture in pregnancy, lead thrombi in pregnancy, ventricular tachycardia in pregnancy, inappropriate shocks in pregnancy, ICD discharge in pregnancy and ICD shock in pregnancy. Of 1101 publications found, 27 publications were eligible for further analysis (four retrospective trials and 23 case reports). Results: According to physiological changes in pregnancy, resulting in an increase in heart rate and cardiac output, a vulnerability for malignant arrhythmias and device-related complications in ICD carriers might be suspected. While the literature is limited on this issue, maternal complications including arrhythmia burden with following ICD therapies, thromboembolic events and lead complications as well as inappropriate shock therapy have been reported. According to the limited available studies, associated risk seems not to be more frequent than in the general population and depends on the underlying cardiac pathology. Furthermore, worsening of heart failure and related cardiovascular disease have been reported with associated risk of preterm delivery. These observations are exaggerated by restricted applications of diagnostics and treatment due to the risk of fetal harm in this population. Conclusions: Due to limited data on management of ICDs during pregnancy, further scientific investigations are required. Consequently, careful risk assessment with individual risk evaluation and close follow ups with interdisciplinary treatment are recommended in pregnant ICD carriers.

Prevalence, Etiology, and Associated Symptoms of Vaginal Discharge During Pregnancy in Women Seen in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bihar.

IntroductionVaginal discharge is the most frequent complaint during pregnancy, leading to numerous complications in both the mother and fetus.AimThe goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of vaginal discharge, investigate its common infectious causes and associated symptoms during pregnancy.MethodsThis hospital-based cross-sectional study performed over one year evaluated 200 expectant mothers with vaginal discharge at any trimester in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, in cooperation with the Microbiology section, of Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna.ResultsThe mean age of the mothers was 26.84±5.51 years (range 19-42 years). Most of the patients (47.5%) were in the age group of 26-35 years, belonged to the lower socioeconomic class (67.5%), gravida 3 or more (43.5%), and presented in the third trimester. The prevalence of pathological discharge in pregnancy was 148/308 (48.05%). A positive culture was obtained in 105 (52.5%), and negative culture was obtained in 95 (47.5%). Vaginal candidiasis was diagnosed in most cases (37.5%), followed by aerobic vaginitis (15%), trichomoniasis (13.0%), and bacterial vaginosis (8.5%). The non-pathological discharge was diagnosed in 26.0%. Dysuria was the most common symptom (32.5%), followed by itching (27.5%) and urinary tract infection (UTI; 10.0%). The following variables were significantly associated (P<0.05) with discharge: age (in years), age group, gravida, culture, organism isolated on culture, UTI as a symptom, and diagnosis.ConclusionExpectant mothers presenting with vaginal discharge need to be evaluated to identify the etiology and allow timely treatment, which might be helpful in preventing complications.

AKT answer relating to vaginal discharge in pregnancy

AKT answer relating to vaginal discharge in pregnancy

AKT question relating to vaginal discharge in pregnancy

AKT question relating to vaginal discharge in pregnancy

525 (PB-158) - An evaluation of the significance of bloody nipple discharge in pregnancy

525 (PB-158) - An evaluation of the significance of bloody nipple discharge in pregnancy

Sociodemographic Characteristics and Aetiological Factors of Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy

Objective: This is a study on the aetiology of vaginal discharge among pregnant women in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Method: This longitudinal descriptive study was conducted at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, between 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2004. The pregnant women who had vaginal discharge among those who attended the antenatal clinic during the period of study were recruited. Results: The prevalence of vaginal discharge in pregnancy in Kano, Northern Nigeria, was 1 in 20 antenatal patients. Infective vaginal discharge occurs with similar frequency to that of non-infective origin. The prevalence of infective vaginal discharge was found to decrease with increasing age, parity and Western education, and increased among patients who had Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Conclusion: We recommend close surveillance among high risk patients, and also the aetiology of vaginal discharge should be determined, so that appropriate treatment can be offered in order to prevent avoidable feto-maternal morbidity and mortality from erroneous empirical treatment.Key words: Vaginal discharge, aetiological factors, empirical treatment, pregnancy.

Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Vaginal Discharge in Pregnancy in Kano, Northern Nigeria

3.3 Resting sympathetic nerve discharge in pregnancy induced hypertension

Annual Scientific Meeting of the British Hypertension Society: Wills Hall, University of Bristol, 15–17 September 1997

RUPTURE OF THE MEMBRANES. RAPID DIAGNOSIS BY A CERVICAL-VAGINAL SMEAR.

A simple cytodiagnostic test for ruptured membranes has been widely accepted on a large hospital obstetric service. The test procedure takes little time and is easily learned. Technique depends on the recognition of fetal epithelial cells in a cellular sample which is obtained during digital vaginal examination, spread on a slide, and stained. Test of 100 patients with unknown diagnosis was 98% accurate. In another series of 100 problem cases in which the state of the membranes was uncertain and diagnosis was important for obstetrical decisions, an accuracy of 97% was obtained. The test promises to be of value even when the infant is premature. Its sensitivity may help to solve hitherto unexplained problems such as high leak and prolonged watery discharge in pregnancy.