Disaster Simulation Research Articles

RESEARCH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING IN URBAN FLOOD DISASTERS

Abstract. In recent years, urban floods occur frequently in China, and urban flood disaster has become one of the important reasons for the sustainable development of cities. Photogrammetry and remote sensing technology has the advantages of large observation range, large amount of information, fast speed, good real-time performance and strong dynamic. It plays an increasingly important role in flood control and disaster reduction, and has become an important support means for flood control and flood reduction in China. This paper mainly reviews the research status and development trend of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in urban floods, summarizes the monitoring and evaluation of flood disasters, numerical simulation of flood disasters, and acquisition of hydrological characteristics, and prospects the future development of photogrammetry and remote sensing technology in flood disaster management in China.

Intelligent overall planning model of underground space based on digital twin

Against the background of the rapid development of social economy and advanced industrial manufacturing, emerging technologies are sweeping the world. The overall planning of urban space is also gradually developing in the direction of "intelligence". The real estate market has been booming in recent years. As a result, the available land resources on the surface are declining. It first gives a general introduction to the digital twin technology and operating rules, and then introduces the analytic hierarchy process and the complexity evolution process model for specific analysis. It first determines the relative weight vector, and then verifies the consistency of the judgment matrix to obtain the simulated probability density function. For the calculation of underground space safety accident risk assessment, the Bayesian network is used for evaluation. This facilitates disaster warnings of possible and ongoing accidents and reduces the adverse consequences of accidents. Then, the digital twin technology is applied to the analysis of underground space visualization, underground construction and underground disaster prevention monitoring. During the construction stage, the bottom of the upper structure column has changed a lot. The difference between the difference between the foundation difference between the adjacent color spectrum column of the upper structure is relatively mild. When digging a large area of ​​ground soil, the foundation dropped to 5.6 mm. When the soil on the side of the pile was removed, the ground building was basically settle down, 0.8 mm. When the structure of the pile side soil is completed, it indicates that the technology of the pile foundation base of the surface building is basically. Finish. Subsequent sidewalk soil has almost no effect on the upper structure. At this stage, the final deposition difference is 2.427 mm, which meets the requirements of the neighboring column base in the current regulations. Finally, I studied the prevention of disaster prevention in the underground space, simulated the accident scene, and obtained the most suitable imaging equipment for the monitoring of disaster. After the prevention of disaster testing and simulation accidents for underground space, the most suitable imaging equipment for preventing disaster testing was obtained. Its formal digital twin technology.

STRATEGI BPBD KABUPATEN PACITAN DALAM UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA BANJIR DAN TANAH LONGSOR

This study aims to determine the condition of natural disasters such as floods and landslides and the efforts of BPBD to overcome them. The research was conducted in Pacitan City on the basis of the consideration that floods and landslides are common in this area. Data was collected through open interviews, observation, and document review, then the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the condition of the Pacitan City area consists mostly of highlands in the form of steep mountains and shallow river areas so that it is very vulnerable to natural disasters in the form of floods and landslides, especially during the rainy season. The flood natural disaster that occurred in Pacitan City was mainly caused by the silting of the riverbed and the narrowing of the river's width. Meanwhile, landslides are caused by erosion caused by rainwater and the increasing number of residential areas that make the foot of the slope increasingly eroded. Efforts made by BPBD to overcome natural disasters of floods and landslides that occurred in Pacitan Regency were by launching various forms of strategies such as the DESTANA program, Socialization, Procurement of Disaster Simulations, Construction of Embankments, Installation of Information Signs for Disaster-Prone Areas, Map-making of Disaster-Prone Areas and Determination of Evacuation Areas, and Mangrove Planting. The various strategies implemented also serve to increase public awareness and preparedness for disasters.

Improving School Disaster Preparedness Through Teacher, Cadre Training and Disaster Simulation for Students at Public Elementary School

Based on its geographical location, Public Elementary School (PES) 1 Banyuroto, Sawangan, Magelang, Central Java is located in an area prone to volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. Because in general disaster hazards can occur at any time, it is very important for the school environment to improve its preparedness in disaster preparedness. One of the efforts that are considered the most strategic is through training and disaster simulation for cadres, school teachers and students to improve their ability to respond to disasters through disaster preparedness schools. The purpose of this activity is to realize the implementation of disaster management training activities and disaster simulation at PES 1 Banyuroto. The method used is a direct instruction to increase partners' understanding related to disaster and disaster mitigation materials, Forum Discussion Groups to develop disaster learning modules and simulations to improve the skills of disaster response partners. This activity was carried out at PES 1 Banguroto, Sawangan, Magelang, Central Java. The output targets resulting from this activity are the formation of evacuation route maps and their explanations and the preparation of disaster learning modules that can be used in the learning process and implementation of earthquake disaster simulations at PES 1 Banyuroto, Magelang, Central Java. The development of a disaster preparedness school program will effectively contribute to the early prevention of disaster hazards.

The Effect of Gender and Academic Levels Differences on Disaster Preparedness Knowledge of Pre-Service Teachers

The earthquake and tsunami experienced in Aceh created the importance of disaster preparedness. Efforts to improve disaster literacy, including knowledge of its effects, should be conducted. The aims of this study are 1) knowing the level of student’s disaster preparedness knowledge, 2) obtaining gender differences in disaster preparedness knowledge, 3) knowing the difference in academic level on disaster preparedness knowledge, 4) knowing the effect of interaction between gender and academic level on disaster preparedness knowledge. This research involved Geography pre-service teachers on STKIP Al-Washliyah. The results were quantitative data obtained from a disaster preparedness knowledge test, and data collection used multiple-choice tests. A knowledge test instrument was created and validated for data validity and reliability using a wondershare quiz generator. Data were analyzed using an index to decide the extent of knowledge on disaster preparedness. The ANCOVA approach was evaluated to examine the relationship between gender and educational degree. The results indicate that 1) the score for knowledge of disaster preparedness is 49.11, which indicates that knowledge is still in the low category, 2) there is a difference in knowledge of disaster preparedness between male and female pre-service geography teachers with a significant value of 0.004 (<0.05), 3) there is a difference in knowledge of pre-service geography teacher with different academic levels and significance value of 0.000 (<0.05), 4) when viewed from the interaction between gender and academic level, no significant relationship was found on knowledge of disaster preparedness with a score of 0.185 (p> 0.05). According to the findings, it is crucial to increase disaster preparedness knowledge in basic and advanced courses of geography education study programs. Therefore, pre-service geography teachers have good knowledge and skills in disaster preparedness. One of the steps to increase knowledge is providing teaching materials and disaster simulation programs.
 Keywords : Disaster preparedness knowledge; Pre-service teacher; Gender; Academic levels
 
 Copyright (c) 2022 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Model Disaster Teleconsultation System for Regional Disaster Health Response.

Introduction: The federally funded Region 1 Regional Disaster Health Response System (RDHRS) and the American Burn Association partnered to develop a model regional disaster teleconsultation system within a Medical Emergency Operations Center (MEOC) to support triage and specialty consultation during a no-notice mass casualty incident. Our objective was to test the acceptability and feasibility of a prototype model system in simulated disasters as proof of concept. Methods: We conducted a mixed-methods simulation study using the Technology Acceptance Model framework. Participating physicians completed the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) and semistructured interviews after simulations. Results: TUQ item scores rating the model system were highest for usefulness and satisfaction, and lowest for interaction quality and reliability. Conclusions: We found high model acceptance, but desire for a simpler, more reliable technology interface with better audiovisual quality for low-frequency, high-stakes use. Future work will emphasize technology interface quality and reliability, automate coordinator roles, and field test the model system.

The Effect of Disaster Training, Social Support and Social Capital on Community Self Efficacy in Dealing With Tsunami Disaster in Pangumbahan Village, Ciracap District, Sukabumi Regency

There are many factors that influence disaster preparedness, one of which is self-efficacy. Many factors that influence self-efficacy in dealing with disasters include disaster training, social support and social capital. The purpose of this study was to find out what factors affect the community's self-efficacy in dealing with the tsunami disaster. Self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their ability to mobilize motivation, cognitive resources and institutions to exercise control over certain events. This type of research is correlational with a cross sectional approach. The population is the entire community in Pangumbahan Village, Ciracap District, Sukabumi Regency with a sample of 380 people. Sampling using Proportional Random Sampling. The instrument is declared valid & reliable. Data collection using questionnaires and statistical analysis using simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that there was no significant effect of disaster training on self-efficacy (p-value 0.119), there was a significant effect of social support on self-efficacy (p-value 0.000), social capital on self-efficacy (p-value 0.000). In conclusion, there is an effect of social support and social capital on community self-efficacy in dealing with the tsunami disaster. It is hoped that the community will improve disaster preparedness by participating in various training and disaster simulations & getting involved in disaster-related institutions or organizations. The magnitude of the loss and the number of victims show that the community's preparedness in anticipating the impact of the disaster is still low.

Acoustic monitoring of carrion fly activity on human remains: a preliminary study

ABSTRACT We present the first study on the use of sound recordings to assess the activity of carrion flies as an alternative to labour intensive physical capture and identification with limited time resolution. Daily recordings were made of the fly activity on human cadavers in a simulated disaster scenario at the Australian Facility for Taphonomic Experimental Research (AFTER). The recordings were manually analysed for flight sounds and compared to the local environmental data. The results showed that the number of flight sounds was significantly affected by the temperature, daylight, and moderate to high rainfall but not by humidity. Reference recordings were also made of Blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), House flies (Diptera: Muscidae) and the Black Soldier flies (Stratiomyidae: Hermetia illucens) in a commercial fly farm and used to build a statistical classification model to test the feasibility of audio recognition for successional studies. Successional arrival and departure patterns were not observed for the recorded flies, although this could be the result of ineffective audio classification algorithm. Further in-depth studies are currently being done on different species and variations within the same species.

Profil Sadar Bencana Pengunjung Kawasan Wisata Rawan Bencana Gunung Merapi di Kabupaten Sleman, DIY

The tourism sector in the disaster-prone area of Mount Merapi continues to increase and has become one of the main sources of income for the local community after the major eruption of Mount Merapi in 2010. The high number of visitors with various characteristics to disaster-prone areas has placed visitors at high risk during a disaster, especially those with no disaster awareness. Visitors should possess disaster awareness to reduce the risks when a disaster occurs. This study aims to determine the visitors' disaster awareness profile to volcanic eruptions in the disaster-prone area of Mount Merapi. The results indicated that visitors' disaster knowledge was considered average, meaning that they had an average level of disaster awareness. They possessed an average understanding of disasters, volcanic eruptions, and the risks of carrying out activities in the disaster-prone tourism area. However, the practical knowledge of self-rescue during emergency response remained low. Cross tabulation suggested a low and directional correlation between disaster knowledge and the visitors' experiences in participating in disaster preparedness training or simulations.
 Keywords: disaster awareness, disaster knowledge, visitors, disaster-prone tourism area of mount merapi.

An exercise in disaster: Does policy learning occur after a tabletop crisis scenario?

AbstractIt is well‐established that experience with a disaster can heighten risk perception, initiate policy learning, and ultimately enhance preparedness and mitigation. This experience can make stakeholders more amenable to mitigating risk, but disasters are sporadic, dangerous, and costly. At the same time, the importance of differences in epistemic communities that manage public agencies and departments has received little attention in the context of policy learning, preparedness, and mitigation. This study investigates whether it is possible for simulated disasters, such as tabletop exercises, to influence risk perception and encourage learning in a way that is consistent with the effects of experiencing an actual disaster. To test this idea, we analyze survey data collected from an Environmental Protection Agency workshop of drinking water officials and public health stakeholders from southeast Michigan and northwest Ohio, including Detroit, Flint, and Toledo. A pre and posttest survey captured participants' beliefs before and after a tabletop exercise designed to simulate a large‐scale drinking water disaster. Results suggest that epistemic communities matter in these exercises but professional experience is less important than what previous studies have shown about experience with a policy problem and policy learning.

Full-scale simulations to improve disaster preparedness in hospital pharmacies

PurposeAssess whether full-scale simulation exercises improved hospital pharmacies’ disaster preparedness.MethodsSwiss hospital pharmacies performed successive full-scale simulation exercises at least four months apart. An interprofessional team created two scenarios, each representing credible regional-scale disasters involving approximately fifty casualties (a major road accident and a terrorist attack). Four exercise assessors used appraisal forms to evaluate participants’ actions and responses during the simulation (rating them using five-point Likert scales).ResultsFour hospital pharmacies performed two full-scale simulation exercises each. Differences between exercises one and two were observed. On average, the four hospitals accomplished 69% ± 6% of the actions expected of them during exercise one. The mean rate of expected actions accomplished increased to 84% ± 7% (p < 0.005) during exercise two. Moreover, the average quality of actions improved from 3.0/5 to 3.6/5 (p = 0.01), and the time required to gather a crisis management team drastically decreased between simulations (from 23 to 5 min). The main challenges were communication (reformulation) and crisis management. Simulation exercise number one resulted in three hospital pharmacies creating disaster action plans and the fourth improving its already existing plan.ConclusionThis study highlighted the value of carrying out full-scale disaster simulations for hospital pharmacies as they improved overall institutional preparedness and increased staff awareness. The number of expected actions accomplished increased significantly. In the future, large-scale studies and concept dissemination are warranted.

Spatial-Temporal Data Integration Modeling and Dynamic Simulation of Coal-Rock Dynamic Disasters

To solve the problem of accurate identification of coal-rock dynamic disaster precursors, a spatiotemporal data integrated monitoring, and early warning system was proposed. The system consists of a spatiotemporal data integration model, a time series and visual monitoring, and an early warning platform. It takes the comprehensive mining face of a deep coal mine as the monitoring object. It uses structured light 3D scanning and Brillouin optical time domain reflectometry to collect physical entity data in the monitoring area, reconstructs data and processes data redundancy through edge microprocessors, and decomposes spatiotemporal objects into elements to construct a data integration model for data integration. Inner relationship and space-time unity. Using the time series database as the data integration model carrier, the processed physical entity data is mapped to the visual monitoring and early warning platform for dynamic simulation display, which provides data support for accurate early warning of coal-rock dynamic disasters. Finally, a prototype system is developed to verify the generality and feasibility of the system.

Enhancing Mass Casualty Disaster Management Competencies through an Integrated Disaster Simulation Training Program

The Center for Innovations for Disaster Risk Reduction and Management in Health (DRRM-H) in NCR program developed a disaster simulation training aimed to address the challenges in communication, collaboration, and application of incident command system (ICS) during disaster response. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of an integrated didactic and simulation learning approach to disaster training using quantitative and qualitative methods. Results of the study indicate that training participants were able to increase their knowledge on the concepts of communication, collaboration, and application of ICS, and adopt these lessons to their own organizations to increase their capacity and capability during disaster response.

Building A Disaster Prepared Village Community To Reduce The Risk Of A Landslide Disaster In Sumurup Village, Bendungan District, Trenggalek Regency

This mentoring research describes the reality of people's lives who have low awareness of natural disaster response. The problems that arise in the community are the lack of public awareness in tackling and dealing with disasters, the absence of a disaster emergency response and response system, and the absence of village government policies that focus on managing landslides. The purpose of this empowerment is to find a strategy in building a resilient community for landslide natural disasters to be more independent in handling and preventing disaster events in Sumurup Village. This study refers to a research approach using the PAR method. Namely making changes in the form of education and training in landslide risk reduction in order to provide a basic understanding of disaster risk reduction by making disaster-prone maps. As well as disaster simulation training accompanied by determining evacuation routes, and installing danger signs. In addition, by advocating village government policies to create funding rules for disaster management. With a series of activities that have been carried out with the community so as to create a strong and independent community attitude in dealing with natural disasters. These activities have resulted in improvements and changes in community capacity, especially for communities directly affected by disasters in reducing the risk of landslides.

Increasing Knowledge of Nurses in Managing Disaster Victims using Rehearsal Simulation: Tabletop Disaster Exercise

Management of disaster victims carried out by nurses needs to be based on good knowledge in order to save many lives. It is necessary to carry out optimal strategies and exercises in providing management of disaster victims. The Space Rehearsal Simulation using the tabletop disaster exercise method was able to increase the knowledge and analytical power of the medical team, especially nurses, in providing management for disaster victims. This activity was carried out using online and offline methods for 3 meetings consisting of preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Participants are nurses who are active in disaster activities totaling 16 people. The media used are disaster maps, simulation scenarios and cases, and observation sheets. The results showed that knowledge increased, the average before was 47.81 and the average after was 88.43. The rehearsal simulation method using tabletop disaster is an alternative method that is simple and practical to increase nurses' knowledge.

A Review of Gassy Sediments: Mechanical Property, Disaster Simulation and In-Situ Test

Gassy sediments are an important cause of engineering disasters such as large-area coastal submarine landslides, excessive tilting of marine foundations, and excessive deformation of tunnels. Under different stress paths, the gassy soil exhibits different microstructure changes and mechanical responses. This paper introduces the current research status regarding the mechanical responses, numerical simulation and the in-situ test methods of gassy sediment. In terms of mechanical responses, it summarized the strength and deformation characteristics of gassy soil under different stress paths, tracking the study on constitutive model. The disaster simulation work using constitutive model of gassy sediment is introduced. It also analyzes the advantages and limitations of various methods in the in-situ test. It can provide theoretical support for further study on disaster prevention and geological risk assessment of gassy sediments.

Japan’s recent earthquake impacts on nuclear plants safety in the wake of Fukushima Daiichi

Once again, the whole world became increasingly alarmed by the devastation caused by the recent 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan that struck on March 11, 2011 at about 12:50 (14:56 JST Thursday) to the east of Sendai, Honshu Island. Centered at a depth of about 32 km below the ocean floor, it triggered a huge tsunami, resulting in the deaths of over 14,000 people, with another 10,000 still unaccounted for. In addition, when the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant cooling supply system was damaged by the earthquake, it fractured the structure and water supply system to the reactor core leaving the reactor without cooling water followed by a series of explosions due to dry reactor operation, sending high levels of radioactive gases into the air. Furthermore, on March 16, 2011, a fire broke out in the number 4 reactor when workers could not sufficiently cool the reactor core, and sensors gauging radiation levels inside failed to detect the dry operation of the reactor. Therefore, innovative concepts in performance-based design must be developed by the structural engineering community to better design structures to address the danger of collapse. Simulation is essential for predicting realistic scenarios by mimicking natural disasters. Computing power technology is advancing, and the recent K-computer is nearly the fastest computer operating system in the world, now operating at 8.2 petaflops per second. This system can accomplish the task of simulation to provide us better warning, protection, and disaster reduction. Japan is rebuilding from deadly March 11, 2011 earthquake and tsunami. With the experience gained from this disaster, planning teams can now design highly resistant nuclear reactor structures, water supply systems with backups to withstand major earthquakes and aftershocks, as well as install early warning systems on the ocean surface, so that, with a better coordination of Japanese government agencies and engineers, the effect of such double catastrophes can be minimized and human life and property can be saved. We believe that a new generation of disaster simulation technology is necessary, and will emerge from the DS’11 Kobe Symposium. The symposium will further provide a deep understanding how disaster simulation can be modeled, by taking into account 3-D material structures and behaviors from the macro to micro level. In this paper, we will examine of the earthquake impacts what measures Japanese Government agencies should take in the future to redesign structural safety, structural response control for nuclear power plants, and simulation benefits, so that future natural disasters can be minimized, and greater security against natural disasters can save human lives, properties, and the environment.

Use of Data Science in Disaster Risk Evaluation Using Discrete Element Method

Since great variability is generally included in natural disasters, it’s necessary to evaluate the risk considering the variability. Because of the rapid development of numerical simulations, the risk analysis in consideration of the variability is becoming possible. However, there is still difficulties to perform a large number of simulation cases at the practical level. This paper introduce studies in that DEM simulations and data science techniques are efficiently combined to evaluate the risk of rockfalls and sediment flow problems. Through the introductions of those studies, the importance of integrating disaster simulations and data science techniques is discussed.

Development and Validation of Earthquake Fire Response Simulation Protocol for Korean College Students in Health Programs.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of the developed protocol by verifying the validity of the expert group for the earthquake and fire response simulation protocol. A protocol development team consisting of one emergency rescue professor, one counseling psychology professor, three paramedics, and one firefighter developed the study’s protocols to promote the core response and capabilities required at an earthquake fire site. We checked the content validity for the appropriateness of the contextual connection for each stage for the protocol. We also created an evaluation checklist to measure the items for each stage. The protocol developed in this study consists of earthquake response, fire response, evacuation, and fire suppression. We set the situation for each stage and composed learner activities and learning performance goals. The earthquake response stage included (1) shout “it’s an earthquake,” (2) protect yourself, (3) turn off electricity and gas, and (4) evacuate to a safe place. In the fire response stage, (1) shout “fire,” (2) press the emergency bell and call 119, (3) close the door of a dangerous place where fire can spread, and (4) evacuate to a safe place. In the evacuation stage, (1) open the emergency exit, (2) cover your nose and mouth, (3) lower your posture, and (4) evacuate quickly in one direction. Lastly, in the firefighting stage, (1) pull out the safety pin, (2) hold the nozzle and face the fire, (3) grab the handle, and (4) spray the powder evenly. The protocol contributes to the development of systematic and elaborate simulation education materials in the future. Furthermore, it provides basic data for future disaster simulation operation and protocol development through continuous training and practical exercises.

Interprofessional collaboration among first responder students in a simulated disaster exercise.

Interprofessional disaster simulation exercises provide an opportunity for first responder students to learn about disaster response and recovery, to practice their roles and to learn to collaborate with other first responders. With the move to virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic, a table-top disaster exercise is an alternative format to inperson exercises. To date, most disaster simulation exercises for students have focused on the roles of healthcare providers. As first responders play a critical role in disaster management, there is a need for interprofessional exercises that include students in first responder programs. A table-top disaster simulation exercise was held with students from the police (n = 94) and firefighter (n = 30) programs at a large community college in Toronto, Canada, in February 2021. It was held virtually using the Zoom® platform, with college faculty as well as professionals from community partner sites. An evaluation survey that had open- and closed-ended items was administered to students following the event. Thirty-eight percent of the students participated in the survey, and the majority rated the event highly useful and reported that the exercise demonstrated the importance of interprofessional collaboration. Students' responses to the open-ended survey items yielded two themes: understanding roles and performing under duress. This evaluation demonstrates the value of using a simulated disaster exercise to teach first responder students about their role in disaster response and recovery, and the importance of interprofessional collaboration.