Disaster Resilience Research Articles

Analysis of Disaster Resilience Governance in Pancoh Tourist Village, Yogyakarta

Mount Merapi, an active volcano, poses constant threats to the surrounding communities. Pancoh, a village located 9.6 km away, has embraced resilience efforts in response to the eruption in 2010. This research aims to explore the community's preparedness, disaster risk management strategies, and investments in disaster risk reduction, focusing on the development of sustainable ecotourism. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed for this study. The research findings reveal that resilience initiatives in Pancoh Tourism Village commenced after the 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi. Disaster risk management is achieved through the promotion of sustainable ecotourism. The research concludes that Pancoh Tourism Village has made commendable progress in building resilience since the Mount Merapi eruption in 2010. The integration of sustainable ecotourism, community involvement, and investments in disaster risk reduction showcases a holistic approach to mitigating the impact of volcanic disasters.

Descriptive Study of Community Based Disaster Management in Rural Western Nepal

This study inspects community-based disaster management (CBDM) in Nepal. Employing secondary and primary data, the study used descriptive statistics tool. Firstly, the study identified multiple natural risks (flood and landslide). Secondly, in the practice of CBDM, the collective action was found mainly on planning of disaster calendar, early warning, preparedness, and rehabilitation. Thirdly, there was mean salary income loss per annum (330 USD). It is one third of national per capita. Having a significant economic cost, CBDM reduced effectively humanitarian and economic cost of the community. Thus, CBDM is effective collective action to be resilient at the community. Therefore, mainstreaming CBDMG in multi-hazard risk management program, the government should improve its technical capacity and performance by training &equipment for disaster resilience. This study is expected to contribute disaster risk reduction program of the local, province and central government and also preparedness to resilient.

Estimating the Impact of Adaptive Capacity on Vulnerability in Nepal

The adaptive capacity of households is an effective instrument for minimizing climate change-induced vulnerability. Varying adaptive capacity across different income and socio-strata of households make different vulnerability impacts. This paper assesses the impacts of adaptation capacity on household susceptibility index and ranks in Nepal employing an explorative method. In the explorative method, the household vulnerability index as a composite index and multiple regression model are analytical methods. The data set is collected from the questionnaire survey of 642 households in the Sotkhola Water Basin Gadhi, Lekhagaon, and Kunathari through a regression model. As a result, a flood disaster is terrible more than a landslide. By cluster, its intensity is deeper in Gadhi than in Kunathari and Lekhagaon in terms of destruction of assets and non-assets. Total income loss magnifies household vulnerability 7 times deeper. The distribution of vulnerability level falls to poor households three times more than rich households in accordance with headcount poverty and food sufficiency poverty measures. The composite index shows adaptive capacity plays a key role in household vulnerability. Therefore, adaptive capacity is an instrument of resilience to household safety and welfare. In the context of poverty alleviation, preparedness, and climate change initiatives, this result will be valuable to improve the adaptive capacity of the socioeconomically vulnerable population for disaster and climate resilience, further development, and future disaster risk management policy implications.

SETS (Science, Environment, Technology, and Society) Based Disaster Learning on Elementary School Students' Disaster Literacy and Resilience

This research is motivated by students' literacy and resilience to disasters, which are still relatively low. This study aims to analyze the impact of the SETS-based disaster learning model on disaster literacy and resilience of grade V elementary school students. The method used in this research is a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent control group design. Literacy and resilience were collected by giving fifth-grade elementary school students questionnaires. The subjects involved consisted of 2 experimental classes totaling 74 students and 2 control classes totaling 88 students. The data collection technique used the questionnaire method, with the instrument tested for validation and instrument reliability. The data collection is the questionnaire method, with instruments tested for validation and reliability. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis tests, normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing, namely, the multivariate analysis of variance (Manova). The results showed that there was a significant difference in disaster literacy and resilience between students who studied using the SETS-based disaster learning model and students who studied with conventional learning models, so it can be concluded that the SETS-based disaster learning model has a positive impact on disaster literacy and resilience of grade fifth elementary school students.

Islamic Adaptive Resilience in Post-Conflict Schools and Natural Disasters of Aceh: A Longitudinal Case Study

Adaptive resilience, as a theory, is examined from an Islamic perspective in schools that practice the Dayah system in Aceh. This study aims to identify Islamic adaptive resilience in schools that were built after conflicts and natural disasters. The method used in this study is qualitative, employing a case study approach. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation at three schools in Aceh and their foundations in Jakarta. Data analysis was conducted using NVivo. The results demonstrate that Islamic adaptive resilience plays an active role in the post-disaster and post-conflict school recovery processes. The common aspects of Islamic adaptive resilience that were found include learning from experience, strong leadership at both the top and middle levels, collaboration, staff engagement, and well-being. The research recommends that institutions prioritize flexibility and the ability to respond quickly to any problem, as well as a commitment, particularly from the leadership, to the vision and mission that were established from the outset. Building a school with a strong foundation in beliefs and incorporating local culture requires significant attention in order to maintain and operate a creative and harmonious organization. This research contributes to assisting schools in post-conflict and post-disaster areas in developing effective strategies to promote adaptive resilience and enhance their ability to respond to future challenges. Moreover, it may contribute to the broader literature on leadership, organizational resilience, and Islamic values, providing insights into how leaders can integrate Islamic values into their leadership practices to promote organizational resilience in various context.

An Empirical Study on Disaster Vulnerability and Resilience in Char Hizla, Bangladesh

An Empirical Study on Disaster Vulnerability and Resilience in Char Hizla, Bangladesh

Conceptualization of Flooding Disaster: A Theoretical Perspective of Management

Globally, flooding is a common natural disaster affecting individuals and communities by causing substantial loss of individual properties, public infrastructure, physical environment and even threaten human lives. It is often triggered by the factors like heavy rainfall, storms, hurricanes, flash floods which brings devastating consequences for the affected peoples worldwide including displacement of people, loss of life, health issues and financial losses. During 1995-2015, it affected nearly 2.3 billion people and was responsible for 157,000 deaths globally. Therefore, it requires a strong disaster response framework to mitigating its short and long-term impacts. This response framework should be based on risk assessment, response strategies and building disaster resilience to reduce the people’s overall vulnerability to flooding disasters. The current study aims to conceptualize the flooding disaster through the social vulnerability theory, risk society theory and adaptive governance theory so that policymakers and governments can develop a deeper understanding of the complex factors that contribute to flooding disasters and prepare effective strategies to tackle the disaster effectively. This may include implementing effective preparedness and response measures such as early warning systems, emergency evacuation plans and adequate infrastructure which can help mitigate the risks and subsequent impacts of flooding on individuals and communities.

Service flow changes in multilayer networks: A framework for measuring urban disaster resilience based on availability to critical facilities

Failures of roads and critical facilities under disasters can result in public service disruptions. Studies quantifying disaster resilience commonly focus on evaluating physical performance of infrastructure systems, often cannot capture their capacity that maintain available service to meet citizens’ demands. This paper proposes a flow-based framework for quantitively measuring resilience by regarding changes in service availability to critical facilities as a primary measurement outcome. Through the utilization of multilayer networks, we effectively incorporate diverse datasets pertaining to population demographics, residential areas, critical facilities, and the roadway network. This integration enables us to simulate the intricate dynamics of public service flows within dynamic urban systems, thereby evaluating resilience levels and accurately mapping the spatial distribution patterns. The methodology was validated in Shanghai by quantifying regional variations in healthcare services under pluvial flood scenarios. The research findings highlight the heterogeneous redistribution of service flows during extreme events, leading to spatial variations in resilience outcomes, irrespective of the proximity to hazard-prone areas. The spatial clustering of vulnerable communities demonstrates a close association with mobility correlation patterns, which are strongly influenced by the distribution of facilities and the connectivity of the road network. Thus, using the framework offers valuable insights into risk mitigation and planning of critical facilities in extreme situations. It enhances the understanding on how urban resilience to disaster is influenced by urban form and flow interactions, generating robust evidence for policy.

Disaster Resilience and Preparedness Program Evaluation for Enhancement

The study was conducted to evaluate the level of disaster resilience and preparedness among the members of the MDRRMC and BDRRMC in the Municipality of Alabel, Sarangani Province. Descriptive-correlative research design were utilized employing quantitative method. Data were gathered through survey questionnaires administered to 219 respondents. Key Informant Interviews were conducted among 9 members of the BDRRMC to triangulate the quantitative data. The gathered data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Pearson correlation. The findings of the study revealed that there was a proportional number of male and female respondents of which majority of them belong to adult aged group. Majority of the respondents are government employees and government officials who are college graduates. The level of disaster resilience of the respondents in terms of the five areas on governance, risk assessment, knowledge and education, risk management and vulnerability reduction, and disaster preparedness and response are relatively high with a verbal description of high resilience. On the level of disaster preparedness among the respondents, the results revealed that the members are always prepared based on the four areas for likelihood of being impacted by a national hazard, vulnerability of physical structures, people, and livelihoods, barangay-level planning and individual’s preparation for disaster, and individual’s sense of control over their own lives and their ability to participate and influence their community and government. In relation to the disaster resilience and preparedness experiences, three themes emerged in this study as perceived by the informants and these are: (1) Planning and Preparation, (2) Issues and Challenges, and (3) Coping Mechanism. Generally, there is a moderate positive correlation between disaster resilience and disaster preparedness among the respondents (r= .449).

The ways of Improvement for the Livelihood approaches of Persons with Disabilities: A case study on Kachia, Bhola Sadar

A person with disabilities faces difficulties throughout their life. From the very early stages of life, they found themselves facing challenges due to the social structure and financial condition of our county. The Bangladesh government is now launching various initiatives to improve the lives of people with disabilities. As well as several NGOs and INGOs working for the development and inclusion of people with disabilities in different sectors, this paper is about identifying the challenges and limitations of their services and trying to find ways out for possible solutions to solve those shortcomings. Bhola is an area where disaster is also an issue that affects human life. In a survey of 285 households, 53% were persons with disabilities. The average family size was 5, with 65% literacy. Community structures like Union Parishad Members (54%) and Child Clubs (30%) were prominent. Education findings revealed 24% had knowledge for small businesses. 21% of families with disabilities had adequate resources, and 6% of health professionals enhanced skills. Inclusive education knowledge increased for 20%, with 20% of trained teachers adapting methods. Disaster risk reduction training improved skills for 19%. Regarding climate-related risks, 23% of persons with disabilities reported adoption measures. Overall, the study focuses on enhancing inclusivity, education, and disaster resilience among persons with disabilities. A person's disability becomes more difficult during a disaster. Education and health services are required for the improvement of the lives of people with disabilities. Simultaneously, conditions during disasters were a major focus of this research. Self-help groups and connections with local NGOs/INGOs will be beneficial. Government service linkage and access to information will be helpful for the person with a disability. This study aims at identifying potential ways to improve the lives of people with disabilities and to find ways to increase their employment opportunities in the community.

AGING IN ENVIRONMENTALLY RISKY AREAS: FINDINGS FROM A NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE SURVEY

Abstract The Aging in Risky Environmental Areas (AREA) Study is a novel cross-sectional dataset of community-dwelling adults in the U.S. ages 50 and older. The sample of 1,504 participants was collected in November 2022 and is nationally representative. The survey examines several topics related to aging during the climate emergency including, recent climate-related disaster exposure; perspectives on climate adaptation and mitigation strategies; disaster resilience; and, various measures of healthy aging. There is a misconception that a majority of older adults do not believe in climate change or are unwilling to make behavioral changes to decrease their carbon footprint, despite their vulnerability to climate-related disasters. Results from the AREA Study demonstrate that a majority of older adults (50+) are willing to make “a lot” or “some” changes to the way they live or work in order to reduce the impact of climate change and that there are no statistically significant differences among age groups (50-64; 65-74; 75+). Instead, factors such as region, political affiliation, prior disaster exposure, and place attachment are significant predictors of willingness to engage in adaptation strategies. Findings suggest that an overwhelming majority of older adults (74%) believe that climate change is happening and are willing to be active participants in efforts to reduce negative impacts.

Gridded material stocks in China based on geographical and geometric configurations of the built-environment

Material stocks have created alternative perspectives in many environmental and climate studies. Their significance nonetheless may be under-explored, partially due to scarcity of more precise, timely and higher-resolution information. To address this limitation, our present study developed a gridded material stocks dataset for China in Year 2000 and 2020, by examining the geographical distribution and geometric configurations of the human-made stock-containing environment. The stocks of twelve materials embodied in five end-use sectors and 104 products and constructions were assessed at a resolution of 1 × 1 km grid. Material intensity in each product or construction component was carefully evaluated and tagged with its geometric conformation. The gridded stocks aggregately are consistent with the stock estimation across 337 prefectures and municipalities. The reliability of our assessment was also validated by previous studies from national, regional, to grid levels. This gridded mapping of material stocks may offer insights for urban-rural disparities, urban mining opportunity, and climate and natural disaster resilience.

Community Resilience after Disasters: Exploring Teacher, Caregiver and Student Conceptualisations in Indonesia

Despite the potentially catastrophic nature of disasters, survivors can be highly resilient. Resilience, the capacity to successfully adapt to adversity, is both individual and collective. Policymakers and academics have recently emphasised the importance of community resilience, but with little consideration of local survivors’ perspectives, particularly young survivors within low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this exploratory study aims to give voice to disaster-affected caregivers, teachers and female adolescent students by examining their conceptualisations of community coping and priorities for resilient recovery following the 2018 Central Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami. A total of 127 survivors of the devastating disaster, including 47 adolescents, answered open-ended survey questions related to post-disaster resilience. A content analysis identified key constituents of community resilience. The results indicate that survivors highly value community cohesion and participation, drawing on the community’s intra-personal strengths to overcome post-disaster stressors. Student conceptualisations of and recommendations for a resilient recovery often differ from the views of important adults in their lives, for example, regarding the role played by the built environment, “trauma healing” and religiosity in the recovery process. These findings have implications for the design of disaster resilience interventions.

Community disaster resilience in Brazilian small urban centers

Brazilian small urban centers are facing several disasters impacts due to their singular environmental, economic, and social characteristics. A comprehensive approach encompassing multiple dimensions of resilience and adaptation is essential to minimize material and human losses. This article analyzes the community disaster resilience of 213 small urban centers in the Brazilian Southeast region, affected by recurrent events, such as floods, flash floods, and landslides. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach. First, a quantitative analysis was conducted at the municipal level using statistical techniques to develop a community disaster resilience index, incorporating social, economic, infrastructure, institutional, and community dimensions. Simultaneously, a qualitative assessment evaluated the levels of social capital at the intra-municipal scale among populations affected by disasters through an online questionnaire. The results demonstrated a direct correlation between community disaster resilience levels and the economic and urban development of the assessed municipalities. Lower levels of community disaster resilience were associated with higher vulnerability of the population, characterized by limited socioeconomic development, inadequate housing conditions, insufficient urban infrastructure for transportation, healthcare, leisure, and social support services, and ineffective implementation of public development policies. Moreover, the absence and limited diversity of leisure spaces that foster social connections contributed to reduced community engagement and participation, resulting in lower levels of social capital. This study underscores the need for comprehensive strategies to enhance community resilience in small urban centers facing recurrent disasters. The findings provide insights for policymakers and practitioners to prioritize interventions and investments in economic development, infrastructure improvement, and social capital enhancement as crucial elements of disaster risk reduction and resilience-building efforts.

Education for disaster resilience: Lessons from El Niño

This paper calls for greater attention to the role of youth and children as development actors in the context of education for disaster management. Drawing on debates in disaster studies and children’s geographies, we explore the possibilities offered by everyday formal education spaces, often overlooked in disasters management practice, to engage children in disaster preparedness and resilience planning. Using the case study of Peru, we examine the extent to which national responses to the restrictions that the COVID-19 pandemic placed on in-person teaching, opened-up opportunities to engage with disaster management in new ways. We draw on the case of an innovative digital curricula that uses intergenerational storytelling about the El Niño phenomenon to investigate livelihood opportunities and climate change pressures in northern coastal Peru, exploring how the phenomenon benefits desert populations. We assess the role of participatory virtual learning in facilitating disaster knowledge and climate adaptation awareness among students and critically examine the youth subjectivities that are constructed through these processes. We conclude calling for greater engagement with children’s formal education spaces in climate adaptation strategies, while cautioning against conceptualising children and young people as only ‘adults in the making’, rather than as impacted individuals with current agency and everyday capacities.

Multi-hazard risk assessment of rail infrastructure in India under local vulnerabilities towards adaptive pathways for disaster resilient infrastructure planning

“Lifeline of the nation” is the motto of Indian Railways as it connects through a common thread, billion plus population in one way or the other. The National Rail Plan for India – 2030 focuses on creating a ‘future ready’ Railway system by 2030 by suitably integrating new railway systems like high-speed rails. However, rail infrastructure is exposed to multi-hazards and disasters sometimes disrupt safe rail operations. This study explores rail infrastructure risk assessment at a national scale utilizing the UNDRR framework and synthesized application of geospatial technologies with a focus on disentanglement of local vulnerabilities of the rail infrastructure assets utilizing factors of health of bridges, visibility obstruction to level crossings, labour wages & their regions and GSDP under multi-hazard scenarios. The results revealed that the NR and NFR were identified as high-risk routes under the risk analysis of physical and social vulnerability scenarios, followed by CR Railways. The average annual frequencies of emergency cases in each zone show a correlation r (17) = 0.4758 with the combined mean risk ranks for each zone. In comparison to socioeconomic factors, which contribute to indirect losses, physical factors directly affect safety and contribute to direct losses. Further, outcomes depict more accidents on Indian Railways during the monsoon (nearly 50%) and cold weather (29%) seasons. The study suggests that with the participation of key stakeholders, including urban and transport planners, an integrated approach is helpful in identifying critical rail routes towards risk-informed adaptive disaster-resilient infrastructure planning for providing safety, continuity and reliability of essential rail services.

DISASTER RESILIENT VILLAGES AS A LEVEL FOR TSUNAMI PREPAREDNESS

Indonesia's geographical location which is located between three plates makes Indonesia a country that is prone to disasters, one of which is the threat of a tsunami disaster. Tulungagung, which is located on the southern coast of the island of Java, is one of the areas prone to tsunamis. The new disaster management paradigm is focused on efforts to reduce disaster risk. Strengthening village capacity by creating a Disaster Resilient Village (Destana), is one of the effective efforts to reduce disaster risk. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the readiness of the Besole hamlet, Tulungagung Regency. The research method used is descriptive research by collecting the results of in-depth interviews with the Destana community activists in Besole hamlet, Tulungagung Regency. The results obtained from this study were participation, the Besole Village community was involved from the beginning, namely from the start of preparation for the establishment of the Destana by conducting disaster risk studies, making evacuation route maps, determining gathering points, as well as installing and maintaining early warning system tools. For the role of participation, there is no sustainability in the community, readiness is good and management is good.
 Keywords: Disaster Resillent Village, Tsunami

Analyzing Differentiated Climate Change Impacts on Women in the Wetland Area: A Case Study on Sunamganj District

Disadvantageous geo-location, dense population, and poverty make Bangladesh climate-sensitive, particularly in livelihoods. The impacts are detrimental to the economy, environment, and social development of the people of Dowarabazar and Jamalganj Upazila, Sunamganj District. This research aimed to scale the differentiated impacts of climate change on wetland women. To conduct the research, a survey approach following the Community Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI) was applied. The data were collected through questionnaire survey and observation. The sample size was 300 (150 males and 150 females). Simple random samplings were applied. The study included women of middle-aged, young, elderly, disabled, ethnic, religious minorities, widowed, destitute, and all income classes of poor and rich. It is found that the women's community is extremely vulnerable to different climatic impacts affecting women's capital of human, social, economic, physical, and natural. Women's social capital is highly impacted and the impact score is 3.54. Secondly, human capital (score is 3.07). The impact scores of natural and physical are 2.92 and 2.49. The lives and livelihoods of women have been severely curbed by climatic complications, vulnerable sanitation, poor house structure, and illiteracy. Proper management and access to income generation, empowerment, and social services are required for women's adaptation and resiliency.

Multidimensional Internet Connectedness and local civic engagement in the context of post-disaster Fukushima, Japan

ABSTRACT This study examines Internet Connectedness and civic engagement in post-disaster Fukushima, Japan. Internet Connectedness encompasses the post-access digital divide, conceptualized through intensity, activity scope, centrality, and place scope. Guided by communication infrastructure theory, structural equation modeling results indicate that individuals who engage in broader types of online activities and perceive the Internet as more central had stronger connections to their online neighborhood storytelling network (online ICSN). Higher online ICSN and a broader Internet activity scope led to increased civic engagement on social media, subsequently positively affecting offline civic engagement. The study results offer specific measures and guidelines for narrowing the digital divide and fostering residents’ community engagement, which are likely to play essential roles in disaster preparedness and resilience.

Developing hospital resilience domains in facing disruption era in Indonesia: a qualitative study

BackgroundThe studies of hospital resilience have been of increasing importance during the last decade due to disasters and pandemics. However, studies in developing the domain and indicators of hospital resilience were limited mainly on disaster response. A few studies of hospital resilience focused on how to deal with disruptions such as environmental turbulence, rapid technological changes, and changes in patient preferences. This study aims to develop domains and indicators of hospital resilience in facing the disruption era.MethodsThis qualitative study focused on exploring the domains and indicators to face disruptions that have been identified in the first exploratory phase of the studies. Key informants included hospital experts from the government, medical practitioners, and academics. A total of 20 key informants were involved in semi-structured interviews which were conducted face-to-face, via telephone and Zoom. Data was analyzed using a grounded theory approach to discover domains for a resilient hospital.ResultsThe study identified a number of domains that are fundamental for a hospital to become a resilient in the face of disruption. These include readiness to face digital transformation, effective leadership, and flexibility in managing resources among others. Situation awareness and resilience ethos, implementation of marketing management, networking, and disaster anticipation are found to be equally important. These domains focused on the hospital’s ability to deal with specific shocks from different perspectives as the result of changes from disruptions which are inevitable within the organizational business environment.ConclusionsThe domains identified in the study are able to respond to the limitations of the concept of hospital resilience, which is currently more focused on hospital disaster resilience. They can be used to measure hospital resilience in the context of the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), which are relevant to the context of the Indonesia hospital industry.