Disaster Resilience Measurement Research Articles

Spatiotemporal characteristics of high winds in Jilin Province during 1982–2021

AbstractHigh winds are a type of catastrophic weather characterized by wind speeds over 10.8 m·s−1, occurring in all seasons, and have become more frequent, impacting crop growth, agricultural production and quality of life. It is crucial to understand the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of high winds, as well as their speed and other characteristics, for logical planning of agricultural production and the creation of disaster resilience measures. This study applied the climate tendency, accumulative anomalies, theory of run, Mann–Kendall trend and Theil–Sen median to analyse the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the average wind speed and high wind days in Jilin Province, the probability of occurrence of high winds of various magnitudes in different eras, and the gale concentration degree (GCD) throughout Jilin Province for a total of 40 years from 1982 to 2021. The average wind speed and number of high wind days in Jilin Province have decreased over the past 40 years, and this trend has slowed over time. The average GCD in Jilin Province has shown an increasing trend over the last 40 years, with the average GCD being highest in Liouhe and lowest in Linjiang. In general, level six high winds were the main wind hazard level in Jilin Province, with the highest frequency occurring in different seasons and decades. In addition, the occurrence of high wind days is affected by global climate change and different underlying surfaces, which leads to maize and yield reduction. Research on the spatiotemporal distribution of high winds can provide important suggestions for the prevention and management of high wind disasters.

Analysis of Disaster Characteristics and Measurement of Disaster Resilience in Korea

Recently, in the paradigm of disaster management, resilience is being discussed as the ability to minimize negative impacts from disasters and return to the original state after disasters. Accordingly, the core goal of the disaster management policy is also changing to minimize damage from disasters and to build a society with maximum recovery capacity based on the concept of resilience. In addition, there are various discussions about how to quantify resilience. The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of disasters in Korea and measure the disaster resilience cost index using the disaster resilience cost and exposure factors. Quantification of resilience is possible with the concept of resilience cost, which can be expressed as the sum of system impact and total recovery effort. In this study, the resilience cost index is measured for each province, and based on the measured resilience cost and resilience characteristics, a disaster response system suitable for the characteristics of the region is prepared.

Integrating disaster resilience into green rating systems – a modification of the Sri Lankan green building rating tool

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to mainstream the disaster risk reduction (DRR) and disaster resilience measures into the GreenSL® building rating system in Sri Lanka to demonstrate a more holistic approach in achieving sustainability with resilience.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a comprehensive literature review was carried out on green building practices and rating tools, natural hazards and DRR and global and local frameworks. Next, criteria were developed incorporating the disaster resilience aspects through eight expert committee meetings and included the rating tool in three levels. Finally, 11 green-certified buildings from the Green Building Council of Sri Lanka were reevaluated using the new disaster resilient GREENSL® rating system for built environment as a validation for the new tool and to analyze the new certification levels.FindingsAll the green-certified buildings in hazard-prone areas dropped their certification by one level while the buildings in nonhazard-prone areas remained in the certification after being evaluated by the new DRR-incorporated rating system, which recommends the use of new tool for the buildings in hazard-prone areas. But due to the rapid changes in climate and the unpredictable trends of natural hazards, the use of new DRR incorporated GREENSL® rating system for built environment for the certification of buildings is highly endorsed.Originality/valueThis is the first research study based on the GREENSL rating system. And it is the first effort to incorporate DRR aspects to any rating tool in Sri Lanka. The projects that were evaluated for the validation of the new tool are the actual projects which obtained green building certification. Also, it is apparent that this study has gone some way towards enhancing the understanding of blending the sustainability and resilience in rating systems for built environment.

Estimating changes in emergency department visits associated with floods caused by Tropical Storm Imelda using satellite observations and syndromic surveillance.

Satellite observations following flooding coupled with electronic health data collected through syndromic surveillance systems (SyS) may be useful in efficiently characterizing and responding to health risks associated with flooding. There was a 10% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1%-19%) increase in asthma related ED visits and 22% (95% CI: 5%-41%) increase in insect bite related ED visits in the flooded ZCTAs compared to non-flooded ZCTAs during the flood period. One month following the floods, diarrhea related ED visits were increased by 15% (95% CI: 4%-27%) for flooded ZCTAs and children and adolescents from flooded ZCTAs had elevated risk for dehydration related ED visits. During the protracted period (2-3 months after the flood period), the risk for asthma, insect bite, and diarrhea related ED visits were elevated among the flooded ZCTAs. Effect modification by reported age, ethnicity and race was observed. Combining satellite observations with SyS data can be helpful in characterizing the location and timing of environmentally mediated adverse health outcomes, which may be useful for refining disaster resilience measures to mitigate health outcomes following flooding.

Disaster resilience measurement in Padang’s hotel sector

Padang city is the administrative center of West Sumatra Province, which is located in a zone of high-level danger from the earthquake and tsunami. It has many tourist destinations. To support the growth of the tourism sector, lodgings like hotels are needed. Besides, hotels are also used for Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Events (MICE) by private groups and government. Currently, the disaster resilience program is being promoted both for community, agencies, and the private sector. Disaster Resilience Framework for Hotels (DFRH) is a concept of measuring disaster resilience based on six categories of predictor capital groups, namely: social, economic, human, physical, natural, and cultural. The measurements were made by distributing questionnaires to staff and managers at three large hotels in the city of Padang. The data obtained were processed using (DFRH). For the level of hotel disaster resilience measurement from the staff side, the average agreement is 82%. Then from the manager’s point of view, the measure of total agreement obtained by 86%.

Strengthening flood resilient development in malaysia through integration of flood risk reduction measures in local plans

The increasing flood hazards due to climate change and development pressures have called for the integration of disaster resilient attributes through holistic flood risk reduction measures in development plans. Strengthening flood resilience in development planning therefore is not only to prevent risk, but also to reduce vulnerability as well as inculcate preparedness to adapt and better respond to disaster. In Malaysia, the notion of disaster resilience has become a recent development agenda in response to disaster risks especially flooding since the country is highly prone to such hazard. Flood reduction measures have become the key elements in Malaysia’s development plans at all levels, but little is known about the range of such measures being integrated in local development plan, which is a statutory development plan that guides planning control decisions and enable local communities to participate in local development agenda. Therefore, this study seeks to analyse the extent to which flood risk reduction measures are being integrated into local plans in Malaysia towards flood resiliency. The study, however, is limited to qualitative approach based on literature and content analysis of selected local plans. The finding suggests that all studied plans have integrated most measures to avoid risk and reduce vulnerability although measures on disaster preparedness were inadequate. There is a need thus, to further strengthen disaster resilience measures in the local development plans to ingrain preparedness and adaptation with more inclusive participatory civil societies and stakeholders.

Instilling Participatory Planning in Disaster Resilience Measures: Recovery of Tsunami-affected Communities in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Strategically, if community improvement is to become an important priority in post-disaster recovery efforts, then the spectrum of recovery must be widened to instill disaster resilience measures. In fact, to achieve this goal all efforts should be participatory in the approaches and adopt empowerment as a strategic objective. In post-tsunami areas in Aceh, Indonesia, the Village Planning Guidelines are designed, not only to rebuild the village physically, but also to instill disaster response measures where the ultimate goal is to ensure that the community is self-reliant, highly-motivated and action-oriented. Significantly, the inculcation of such positive attributes in the community will prepare them well for disaster mitigation in the future; in such way that the community enable to carry out effective and appropriate reconstruction stages in comprehensive recovery process. Thus, this study evaluates whether chosen participatory approach in village planning process is capable to empower the affected-community in Banda Aceh. Through survey and personal interview of forty respondents from four most-devastated villages, answers for twenty-two questions derived from five variables as criteria of effective facilitation process, resulted that the community agreed facilitation approaches succeeded to encourage the affected-community to involve actively in planning process. However, answers for twelve questions from three variables of effective empowerment process showed that the community gained empowerment simply to an extent. This is a confirmation to general opinion that facilitation needs longer time in its process to empower community. For this reason, further research is expected to develop specific post-disaster participatory approaches in effort to evolve the capability-development level of affected-community.

DEVELOPING FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING DISASTER RESILIENCE IN URBAN SLUM UPGRADING

Abstract_ Disaster resilience has become an important urban agenda due to the increasing disaster intensity and massive impacts. Developing framework for measuring disaster resilience is a critical policy particularly for urban slum area. It requires extensive and comprehensive approach to achieve sustainable measurement. Providing the integration of the research and the present disaster resilience measurement through content analysis of qualitative approach, this study introduces the framework composed of categories and indicators for improving disaster Resilience in urban slum areas under upgrading efforts. It recommends that community capital: the public infrastructure and facilities, human, financial, natural, and social can be categories for indicators development. These capitals can reflect numerous elements, resources, and relationships within an urban slum areas and its main contribution for community.Keywords: Disaster Resilience; Slum Upgrading; Community Capital.

A bottom-up approach to developing a neighbourhood-based resilience measurement framework

PurposeAs disaster resilience activities are increasingly occurring at the neighbourhood level, there is a growing recognition in research and in practice of the contributions that community stakeholders can make in assessing the resilience of their communities. The purpose of this paper is to describe the process in deriving a disaster resilience measurement framework by soliciting the perspectives of stakeholders from urban neighbourhoods in two countries. The authors examined their community values, and their perspectives on both the concept of resilience and the essential elements that they believe would contribute to the resiliency of their neighbourhoods.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used an appreciative inquiry approach to draw out the perspectives of 58 stakeholders from nine focus groups in five urban neighbourhoods in New Zealand and in the USA.FindingsResults of this research show common values and recurring perceived characteristics of disaster resilience across the study sites. A neighbourhood-based disaster resilience measurement framework is developed that encompasses individual/psychological, socio-cultural, economic, infrastructural/built, and institutional/governance dimensions of disaster resilience. In the process of developing the framework, the authors identified challenges in engaging certain segments of the population and in accounting for wider structural influences on neighbourhood resilience.Research limitations/implicationsIssues relating to inclusive community engagement and linkages to cross-scalar resilience factors need to be addressed in future studies.Practical implicationsResults of this research provide insights and guidance for policy makers and practitioners when engaging communities in the development of resilience metrics.Originality/valueThis study fills the literature gap in evaluating community values and stakeholders’ perspectives on disaster resilience when identifying metrics for resilience interventions in urban neighbourhoods. The proposed measurement framework is derived from cross-cultural and diverse socioeconomic settings.

Development and testing of a community flood resilience measurement tool

Abstract. Given the increased attention on resilience strengthening in international humanitarian and development work, there is a growing need to invest in its measurement and the overall accountability of resilience strengthening initiatives. The purpose of this article is to present our framework and tool for measuring community-level resilience to flooding and generating empirical evidence and to share our experience in the application of the resilience concept. At the time of writing the tool is being tested in 75 communities across eight countries. Currently 88 potential sources of resilience are measured at the baseline (initial state) and end line (final state) approximately 2 years later. If a flood occurs in the community during the study period, resilience outcome measures are recorded. By comparing pre-flood characteristics to post-flood outcomes, we aim to empirically verify sources of resilience, something which has never been done in this field. There is an urgent need for the continued development of theoretically anchored, empirically verified, and practically applicable disaster resilience measurement frameworks and tools so that the field may (a) deepen understanding of the key components of disaster resilience in order to better target resilience-enhancing initiatives, and (b) enhance our ability to benchmark and measure disaster resilience over time, and (c) compare how resilience changes as a result of different capacities, actions and hazards.

An augmented approach for measurement of disaster resilience using connective factor analysis and analytic network process (F’ANP) model

The ability to measure risks and disasters induced by natural hazards is increasingly considered as one of the fundamental objectives to promote disaster resilience in hazard prone areas. Although constructing composite indicators has been mentioned as a key step for measuring disaster resilience, there is no agreed upon a standard procedures in the literature for measuring the concept. With these backgrounds, in this study we present a connective F’ANP model not only to construct a new set of disaster resilience indicators in the context of earthquake hazard but also to propose a new network process to calculate the weights of disaster resilience indicators. The proposed framework will then be validated through an empirical application in the Metropolitan Area of Tehran, Iran.

Establishing Disaster Resilience Indicators for Tan-sui River Basin in Taiwan

A major trend in disaster management is to build resilience for sustainable development. Resilience is defined as the ability which may be learned from previous disaster experiences to make the system more stable than before through absorbing and adapting the changes caused by the disaster. In this paper, enhancing disaster resilience in a river basin is studied and regarded as an important operation process to achieve sustainability of urban area. The measurement of disaster resilience can be used as a potential environmental disaster diagnosis of previous urban planning policy strategies, and is a required foundation for drafting future spatial and urban planning policies. This paper proposes an application that combines fuzzy Delphi and analytic network process techniques in order to establish a set of disaster resilience indicators for a re-developed urban area in Tan-sui River Basin (Taiwan). By incorporating expert opinion, a priority index is calculated for each studied disaster resilience indicator. And, an enhanced resilience indicator evaluation methodology, which reflects interdependencies among evaluation dimensions using an integrated approach, is suggested in this paper. The results show that the main influences on satisfaction are: (1) factors of the management institute of basin, (2) financial capability, (3) conservation of water resource, (4) environmentally sensitive area, and (5) conservation of slope area. Overall, these main influences (five resilience indicators) show future directions for sustainable development in Tan-sui River Basin.