Disaster Prevention Technology Research Articles

Disaster Prevention of Mining Field Roof Fall in Open Pit to Underground

The research object is transformation the deep orebody of jinning phosphate which belong to Yunnan Phosphorus Group Co from pit to underground mining. Through the mine-site field trips, on the basis of the existing mine geological occurrence conditions, proposed a stope roof fall disaster prevention technology which suitable for mining actual project overview. And related research results can provide theoretical guidance and advice of roof fall disaster for mining of Yunnan Phosphate Group or other similar conditions mines which are in transformed from open pit to underground mining.

The Prevention of Rock-Fall on Slopes in Transferred Underground Mining from Open-Pit

Take Jinning and Kunyang phosphate mine of Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co., LTD (abbreviation YPC) as background. The site and the existing rock fall disasters were Inspected. Then this paper put forward a set of rock-fall disaster prevention technologies suitable for the actual project overview. The research can be used for all the mines of YPC and other mines with similar conditions. It can also provide theoretical guidance and advice for the rock-fall disaster prevention technology.

풍화토와 점성토 위주의 토석류 거동과 유동특성

기후변화에 따른 토석류 발생과 그로 인한 피해가 세계적으로 증가 추세에 있다. 토석류 연구는 역학적 관점에서 파괴 후(post-failure) 거동에 해당하며 지반강도와 유동특성을 분석함으로써 특성화할 수 있다. 본 연구는 국내의 토석류 발생지역인 상주(화강암 풍화토), 인제(편마암 풍화토), 포항(이암 및 셰일) 지역을 대상으로 지반의 물성-전단강도 상관관계와 토석류의 유동특성을 평가하였다. 본 연구지역을 대상으로 스웨덴 낙하 콘(Swedish Fall cone) 시험장치를 이용하여 지반의 물성 및 지반강도 사이에 일정한 상관관계가 있음을 밝혔다. 실험결과에 따르면, 인제, 상주, 포항지역에서 채취된 시료에 대해 액성지수(IL)와 비배수 전단강도(<TEX>$C_{ur}$</TEX>) 사이에 <TEX>$C_{ur}=(1.2/I_L)^{3.3}$</TEX>의 관계식이 성립한다. 토석류 흐름을 지배하는 항복응력은 재성형 비배수 전단강도에 상응하는 것으로 간주하고, Bingham 모델과 액성지수-항복응력 관계식을 이용하여 토석류의 유동성을 조사하였다. 유동해석은 국내 풍화토와 낮은 활성점토를 구분하여 적용하였다. 이때 액성지수는 액성한계를 기준으로 <TEX>$I_L=1$</TEX>, 1.5, 3.0으로 구분하여 비교분석하였다. 동일한 액성지수(<TEX>$I_L=1$</TEX>)에 대해, 토석류의 발생 5분 경과 후 최대 이동거리는 250m에 다다른다. 액성지수가 3으로 증가 될 경우, 토석류의 이동거리를 5분까지 살펴본 결과, 국내 풍화토는 낮은 활성점토에 비해 2배 이상 큰 유동성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 유동성 평가기술은 토석류 피해저감기술 전략수립에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The risks of debris flows caused by climate change have increased significantly around the world. Recently, landslide disaster prevention technology is more focused on the failure and post-failure dynamics to mitigate the hazards in flow-prone area. In particular, we should define the soil strength and flow characteristics to estimate the debris flow mobility in the mountainous regions in Korea. To do so, we selected known ancient landslides area: Inje, Pohang and Sangju debris flows. Firstly we measured physical and mechanical properties: liquidity index and undrained shear strength by fall cone penetrometer. From the test results, we found that there is a possible relationship between liquidity index and undrained shear strength, <TEX>$C_{ur}=(1.2/I_L)^{3.3}$</TEX>, in the selected areas, even though they were different in geological compositions. Assuming that the yield stress is equal to the undrained shear strength at the initiation of sliding, we examined the flow characteristics of weathered soils in Korea. When liquidity index is given as 1, 1.5 and 3.0, the debris flow motion of weathered soils is compared with that of mud-rich sediments, which are known as low-activity clays. At <TEX>$I_L=1$</TEX>, it seems that debris flow could reach approximately 250m after 5 minutes. As liquidity index increased from 1 to 3, the debris flow propagation of weathered soils is twice than that of low-activity clays. It may be due to the fact that soil masses mixed with the ambient water and then highly fragmented during flow, thereby leading to the high mobility. The results may help to predict the debris flow propagation and to develop disaster prevention technology at similar geological settings, especially for the weathered soils, in Korea.

Research on Disaster Prevention Technology of Huizhou Traditional Architecture

On the basis of investigation and relevant statistical analysis about the Huizhou traditional architecture, this thesis elaborates the current disasters and main problems of the Huizhou traditional architecture and puts forward the measures of preventing the disasters. A discussion has also been conducted in the feasibility of the methods on disaster prevention. The purpose of this thesis is to provide technical reference for reforming and enhancing the quality of the Huizhou traditional buildings.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF WEB-BASED SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS FEASIBILITY – ONE OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS FOR DISASTER RESPONSE AND MANAGEMENT

Abstract. As the massive tsunami that struck northeast Japan in 11 March 2011 after a magnitude 9.0 earthquake, it reveals that people are living in a critical environment. Although great improvement has been achieved in disaster prevention technologies, many natural disasters are still unpredictable. In addition to the prevention, rapid and effective responses to such disasters are also crucial. One of the key elements to success is the information dissemination of disaster, including both area and people living within that region. In the past decade, web-based spatial information system has become the major platform for both data sharing and displaying. What is coming next is the development of web-based spatial data analysis. A web-based service allows people to implement spatial analysis immediately as long as the internet connection among database and application servers is available. This useful and helpful spatial information is able to be accessed by all users around the world almost simultaneously. The main goal of this paper is to implement a spatial data analysis module based on service oriented architecture (SOA) concept. The main interest and focus of our study is based on the knowledge regularization processes of spatial data analysis to achieve the automated land cover change detection (LCCD) over internet. The proposed automated model is tested and verified by FORMOSAT-2 imageries taken in 2005 and in 2008. It will be published online for users around the world to maximize the add-on value and minimize the cost of the spatial data, moreover, to reveal the situations of disaster rapidly.

피지의 열대성 사이클론 피해 사례 분석 및 방재 대책에 관한 연구

급변하는 국제환경 속에서 최근 공적개발원조 수원국에서 공여국으로 전환된 우리나라는 우리의 선진 방재 기술을 개도국에 전파하여 개도국 국가들의 재해 방재에 기여할 필요가 있다. 이에 수원국 및 원조 프로그램에 대한 이해가 시급하나, 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 한편 기후 변화로 인한 해수면 상승, 해안지역의 침수 침식, 홍수, 열대성 사이클론 등의 자연재해로 국가존립을 위협받는 남태평양 도서국들은 적은 인구, 좁은 국토, 지리적 고립성 등으로 인해 자발적 대처 능력이 매우 부족하여 선진국과의 협력이 절실한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 열대성 사이클론에 대한 피해 조사가 비교적 잘 이루어지고 있는 피지를 선택하여, 피지의 열대성 사이클론에 대한 피해 분석과 방재 대책을 연구하였다. 피지에 직접적 피해를 입혔던 6개의 열대성 사이클론에 대한 피해 보고서를 검토하여, 사이클론 경로, 사망자수 및 원인, 사회 생산 인프라 부문 피해액, 교훈 등을 분석하였다. 이들 분석을 기반으로, 예 경보 시스템 구축, 재난통신 체계 구축, 복합 재해 정보 시스템 구축, 건물코드 정립 및 법규화, 재해 보험법 도입, 친환경적인 해안침식 안정화 방안과 도로 포장 복구 기술 등의 방재 대책을 제시하였다. 피지의 사이클론 피해 사례 및 방재 대책들은 우리나라의 태풍 피해 및 방재 대책과 유사함을 알 수 있었으며, 이에 우리나라의 기존 방재 연구들이 피지의 방재 대책 수립에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. 또한, 본 연구의 결과는 남서태평양 도서국들의 상황에 맞는 방재 기술 기반의 공적개발원조(ODA) 프로그램이 개발되는데 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다. Korea became the 24th member nation in the Development Assistance Committee(DAC) in OECD from an aid recipient. We are obliged to transfer our advanced disaster prevention technologies to developing countries, which requires the understanding of aid recipients and aid programs. Meanwhile, the Pacific Islands are prone to natural disasters, such as sea level increase, coastal erosion, flooding and tropical cyclones due to climate change. They are in desperate need of cooperation with developed countries to cope with natural disasters given the lack of management capacity as well as geographical difficulties. This study deals with damage analysis and prevention measures of tropical cyclones, particularly in Fiji. Damage assessment reports of six tropical cyclones(TC-Ami, TC-Cliff, TC-Daman, TC-Gene, TC-Mick and TC-Thomas) are used to conduct the damages analyses, including cyclone tracks, fatalities and causes, damage costs in social, productive and infrastructure sectors, and lessons learned. Based on the damage analyses, disaster management measures, such as early warning system, disaster telecommunication system, integrated hazard information system & tools, building codes, disaster insurance, environment-friendly road pavement and coastal erosion stabilization, are suggested. The study results show that the korean knowledge and knowhow on Disaster Risk Management(DRM) seem to be useful in improving the Fiji's DRM system given the similarity between tropical cyclones and typhoons. In addition, the results are expected to be helpful for developing an Official Development Assistance (ODA) program to strengthen the Pacific Islands against tropical cyclones, with korean disaster prevention technologies.

Application of Near Real-Time and Multiscale Three Dimensional Earth Observation Platforms in Disaster Prevention

Taiwan frequently experiences natural disasters such as typhoons, floods, landslides, debris flows, and earthquakes. Therefore, the instant acquisition of high-definition images and topographic or spatial data of affected areas as disasters occur is crucial for disaster response teams and making emergency aid decisions. The National Applied Research Laboratories has implemented the project “development of near real-time, high-resolution, global earth observation 3D platform for applications to environmental monitoring and disaster mitigation.” This developmental project integrates earth observation techniques, data warehousing, high-performance visualization displays, grids, and disaster prevention technology to establish a near real-time high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) disaster prevention earth observation application platform for Taiwan. The main functions of this platform include (1) integration of observation information, such as Formosat-2 satellite remote sensing, aerial photography, and 3D photography of disaster sites, to provide multidimensional information of the conditions at the affected sites; (2) disaster prevention application technologies, such as large-sized high-resolution 3D projection system, medium-sized active stereo projection systems, and small-sized personal computers with multiscale 3D display systems; (3) a 3D geographical information network platform that integrates data warehousing and cloud services, complies with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) international standard for image data exchange and release processes, and includes image overlaying and added-value analysis of disasters; and (4) near real-time and automated simulation of image processing procedures, which accelerates orthophoto processing once raw data are received from satellites and provides appropriate images for disaster prevention decision-making within 3 to 6 h. This study uses the 88 Flood event of Typhoon Morakot in 2009, Typhoon Fanapi in 2011, and the 311 Earthquake of Japan in 2011 as examples to dissert the applications, functions and features of this platform for supporting disaster response and disaster recovery decision-making.

An Implementing Method of Updating the Coal Mining Area’s DEM by Mining Subsidenc Forecast Data

In this paper, the implementing method of updating the coal mining area’s DEM by mining subsidence forecast data is introduced. The data file of mining area’s elevation points can be generated by extracting from the digital topographic map of coal mining area, and after the interpolation and encryption of extracting mining area’s elevation points, the data file of the mining area’s collapse can be obtained by subtracting the values of the subsidence forecast from the elevation values of the mining area’s elevation pionts. According to the data file of the mining area’s collapse, DEM of the mining area’s collapse can be generated, and the corresponding contour map can be also generated. This has important significance for the environmental management and disaster prevention engineering design of coal mining area.

The Roles and Tasks of Implementation Science on Disaster Prevention and Reduction Knowledge and Technology: From Efficient Application to Collaborative Generation

Implementation science should be developed and implemented in a scientific manner. Because implementation deals with how well scientific knowledge is implemented in an arena in which more diverse stakeholders rather than only limited number of scientists join, knowledge of implementation science by itself should be developed in a more dialogical and more discursive way. In other words, implementation science is a process to (re-)co-construct knowledge networks in which multiple locally and/or temporarily “viable solutions” co-exist and are mutually interlinked, rather than a process to identify universally “correct solutions” exclusively by scientists. Thus, we need to create a new-type of communication medium by which people can see a society, not as a world where a single “correct solution” is specified by privileged persons, such as a professional scientist, an influential politician, or an talented administrative government officer, for example, but as a debatable, conflicting, and dilemmatic world, and thus, a world where multiple “viable solutions” can coexist. Crossroad Game, a disaster prevention game developed by the author, and Rain Project, a participatory effort for meteorological information sharing that have been developed by Weathernews, Inc., are introduced as two actual case examples of implementation science for disaster risk management.

Study on Tunnel with Subsurface Excavation Method in Urban to Damage Assessment of Underground Pipelines and Protection Decision-Making

Underground construction will inevitably disturb the surrounding rock and soil, thus endanger the safety of underground pipelines nearby. This paper has established the damage assessment of underground pipelines resulting from underground excavation. Based on GIS platform, it also has developed the damage assessment of underground pipelines and protection decision-making system. The extent of the excavation disturbance is determined through the prediction of the sinking value of the overlying soil caused by underground excavation. The stress and strain leading to deformation of the pipeline were analyzed using numerical simulation. The damage assessment for underground pipelines according to both macro and micro aspects was suggested to provide technical support during excavation of underground engineering disaster prevention and mitigation.

A Survey on Tsunami and Storm Surge Disaster Prevention Recognition of Young People

This paper considers that recognition about young people, Japan. Recently, the natural disaster increases and it is generated frequently in Japan. For reduction of natural disaster damage, it is utilizing both hardware and software sides. However, disaster prevention technology using hardware is not so advanced from the problem on the budget side. Therefore, it is important to use disaster prevention technology using software like hazard map and information propagation and method to visualize the tsunami and storm surge by the hydraulic model.In this study, the questionnaire survey of the understanding level to people's hazard maps, the ideas, and the disaster and disaster recognition was executed. Finally, it is examined to effective use of the hazard map and idea of disaster recognition in the future.

Research and Application of New Technologies in Engineering Disaster Prevention

The systematic study various kinds disasters which are likely to meet in civil engineering and construction of Guang dong Science Center. The research includes the study of environmental geotechnical engineering, the technology for treatment of large -area soft soil, the art of seismic isolation, the fire resistance, and the study of wind resistance of large-span shell structures. Based on these theoretical and experimental results, the authors have put forward some new technique for the key problems in design and construction.

The way ahead

As you will read in the following pages, the theme in this issue of the IEEE Potentials is disaster prevention technologies. As you read through the articles, pride yourselves, as future pioneers of technology, in the fact that you are the professionals that will be handed over the responsibility of bettering the human condition and safeguarding humanity against disasters by means of bringing about technologies that allow us to better move around, communicate, and prepare for pending disasters.

Application of Earthquake Early Warning System to Seismic-Isolated Buildings

The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has developed an earthquake early warning system to release information in the event of earthquake, and this system has been in practical use since 2007. Meanwhile, structural health monitoring technology has been attracting attention from those who want to save time in determining the structural health of buildings and who want to detect earthquake resistance performance and damage sustained. Practical applications of this technology have also begun. Seismic-isolated buildings have been developed to protect building structures and keep properties safe from earthquakes and this is significantly effective means to protect properties as a preventative measure against earthquake. The technology is based on the past experiences of the Great Hanshin Earthquake in 1995. Seismic disaster prevention technologies have been further developed since then against the severe, large scale damage to buildings and loss of human life which could be incurred by earthquakes. This should be a system as safe and secure hardware and software as a system in building structures, in addition to the current situation and earthquake disaster prevention of structure itself. This paper describes the earthquake early warning system used to tackle the threat of earthquakes. And the paper shows two applications of the earthquake early warning system and structural health monitoring technologies to seismic-isolated buildings.

鉄道防災分野の課題と取り組み(&lt;特集&gt;自然災害と機械工学)

鉄道防災分野の課題と取り組み(&lt;特集&gt;自然災害と機械工学)

百間川の築造と河口排水樋門の役割

Construction of the Hyakken River, a diversion channel for the Asahi River, was carried out at the initial stage of the Edo period. Main structures such as weirs and gates were made of stone and skillful masonry technique was used. The construction works were carried under the direction of Eichu Tsuda who was the county reign of the Okayama province and he proposed many new ideas. The flood prevention system by the diversion channel and river mouth gate has fulfilled its function more than three hundred years. The advanced civil engineering technology used in the construction works is introduced in this study. It is necessary that we once reexamine the disaster prevention technology which the predecessor left for us now.

Monitoring of Groundwater Behavior with the Rainfall on a Rock Slope by Combination Geophysical Prospecting

Generally, the groundwater flow in rock slope depends on the direction for the development of rock joints sets, those are very complicated. It is a very important problem on civil and disaster prevention engineering to grasp the groundwater behavior included to the flow conditions in rock slope. In particular, the groundwater flow in a rock slope which has random joint sets is very complicated, and the specific methods which to monitor this flow don't have been developed. The electric resistivity methods have been mainly used to make a survey of the aquifer. However, the investigations in associate with the continuous monitoring of the groundwater flow in rock slope are very few.In this paper, the continuous change of electric resistivity are measured in order to monitor the movement of groundwater flow in rock slope site by dipole-dipole electric resistivity technique on the period of rainfall, and the proposed analysis of groundwater flow in this slope based on the measured resistivity data are tried out. As the results, it is shown the possibility that proposed technique is very useful for the monitoring of groundwater flow in rock slope, and the groundwater conditions through the fracture zone and the rock joints in this site are monitored by this technique.

IN THE LOCAL REGION, IMPROVE THE TECHNOLOGICAL ABILITY OF THE DISASTER PREVENTION

Our staffs of the prefectual ground completion division in Wakayama prefecture played training with Disaster Imagination Game. This method is used to improve the regident's power of the disaster prevention. This time we operated a test, we confirmed that, this method is effective to improve the ability of the emergency response. To be more effective and fixed for the disaster prevention technology, we are tackling with three points, that is, (1) To make a training program, (2) To play gaming with trainings, (3) To bring up the expert of the disaster prevention technology. I report about above matters.

Special Issue on Rescue Robots

This special issue brings together the many achievements on rescue robots development beginning after the Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake in Kobe. The earthquake that laid waste to most of Kobe, Seattle’s sister city, early on the morning of January 17, 1995, was a wakeup warning to robotics researchers who realized that the potential of their studies had not been realized in its greatest and most challenging arena – a disastrous earthquake where robots and similar strategies could have rescued people in situations where no other help or support was possible. Japanese robotics researchers set up academic working groups to study and promote such R&amp;D. The national project involving key next-generation urban disaster prevention technologies includes the subtheme of rescue robots, with robotics researchers introducing concrete achievements. A Japanese national project had never used the term of rescue robots before then. Rescue robots range from simple instruments powered by human operators to intelligent machines able to operate virtually on their own. Some advanced rescue robots have built-in prime motive power and others use the latest in artificial intelligence. This special issue brings to readers a dozen articles introducing the many and varied achievements by Japanese robotics researchers covering a wide range of rescue robots. With this field poised to enter the main stream, these robots are close to practical application, and knowledge of their capabilities is essential to those able to utilize this latest technology in their current and future re search. This issue is a must to all who are interested in exploring the new world of robot rescue.

地下施設への通気・防災技術の適用と課題

地下施設への通気・防災技術の適用と課題