Disaster Prevention Function Research Articles

Overview on Mangrove Forest Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Functions

Overview on Mangrove Forest Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Functions

Research on urban country parks based on emergency medical facilities for public health emergencies—a case study of Guangzhou, China

As COVID-19 has swept across the world, the escalating number of confirmed and suspected cases overwhelmed the admission capacity of the designated hospitals. Faced with such a grim situation, governments made a quick decision to build emergency medical facilities to address the outbreak. However, the emergency medical facilities faced a huge risk of epidemic spread and improper site could lead to serious secondary transmission. Using the disaster prevention and risk avoidance function of urban green space can solve the problem of selecting the location of emergency medical facilities to a certain extent, with country parks having a high degree of compatibility with the latter. Based on the location requirements of emergency medical facilities, using Analytic Hierarchy Process and Delphi method, through analyzing the type of country parks, effective risk avoidance area, spatial fragmentation, distance from water sources, wind direction, and distance from the city, quantification of 8 impact factors such as hydrogeology and traffic duration was conducted to comprehensively compare 30 country parks in Guangzhou. The results showed that the overall quality of country parks approximated a normal distribution, with Lianma Forest Country Park having the highest comprehensive score and the most balanced distribution of scores for various impact factors. Considering safety, expandability, rehabilitation, convenience, pollution prevention, and fecal isolation, it is a preferred destination for emergency medical facility construction.

Revisiting the Value of Various Ecosystems: Considering Spatiality and Disaster Concern

Recently, concerns about ecosystem loss and the threat of disasters have emerged. Understanding people’s perception of the ecosystem’s value will lead to disaster adaptation through ecosystem conservation. We incorporated use and disaster attributes into a contingent valuation study to investigate Japanese peoples’ perceptions of the value of various ecosystems. We construct a concept representing ecosystems’ perceived disaster prevention and mitigation functions by investigating the effects of use status and disaster concerns on people’s preferences. Results revealed that almost all of the ecosystem’s disaster prevention and mitigation functions are not perceived by people. In some cases, people mistakenly avoid ecosystems that protect people from disasters. In conclusion, this concept and its findings facilitate an understanding of people’s perceptions of disaster prevention mitigation functions of ecosystems and promote the concrete practice of conserving ecosystems.

Study of a BIM-Based Cyber-Physical System and Intelligent Disaster Prevention System in Taipei Main Station

Because of its large area and complicated space utilization, in the event of a disaster, rescue efforts in specific areas of Taipei Main Station would be difficult. In addition, rescue efforts are also difficult to implement, because each area is managed by different units. In order to ensure emergency and safe evacuation of passengers and reduce the loss of related property during a disaster, a suitable disaster prevention system is required. This study conducted risk assessment based on the triggering factors of disaster types over the years. After synthesizing the results of the disaster risk assessment, a disaster preparedness contingency plan was designed. According to the Incident Command System (ICS), this study formulated the usual management measures and emergency response procedures for various levels of disasters. When an accident occurs, the system can automatically initiate various emergency disaster relief measures, monitor the development of the incident, transmit disaster information, and coordinate disaster emergency response procedures. This study established a building information modeling (BIM)-based cyber-physical system (CPS) and intelligent disaster prevention system integrated under the overall management of the Intelligent Joint Emergency Operation Center. The “Taipei Main Station Intelligent Disaster Prevention System” can manage the disaster prevention and relief information of various business entities in a unified way, and provide an intelligent disaster prevention function integrating BIM and virtual reality (VR). This system is functionally verified through exercises such as short-circuiting of wires in advertising boxes, firefighter disaster relief drills, indiscriminate violent attacks, and demolition of explosives. In this study, ICS was established through expert interviews, disaster-causing factors over the years, and a cloud-based electronic management system was established in combination with the BIM platform. The system provides emergency and safe evacuation of passengers in the event of a disaster, and reduces the loss of related properties.

Analysis of the Relationship between Vulnerable Social Groups and Civil Defense Training Facilities to Improve Crisis Management Responsiveness

This paper aims to minimize damage and protect people through efficient response in the event of a disaster in urban areas, focusing on civil defense training facilities with an urban disaster prevention function and on vulnerable social groups, who can suffer more damage in the event of disaster. The influential factors in the relationship between civil defense training facilities and the vulnerable social group were verified by multiple regression. As a result, a significant influence relationship was found targeting the group with physically vulnerable characteristics such as the elderly, disabled, and children. Therefore, it is necessary to expand defense training facilities by region, giving priority to the physically vulnerable group in order to minimize disaster damage and facilitate appropriate crisis management.

Ecosystem services analysis as disaster prevention and protection functions in Bogor Regency, West Java

Bogor Regency is vulnerable to multi-disaster-threats areas such as flood, erosion, and landslide. The purpose of this study was to analyze the ecosystem services in Bogor Regency. The aspect of ecosystem services is the function of prevention and protection from natural disasters. Land-use change and land facet maps are primary data used in determining the ecosystem services index of disaster prevention and protection. The SPOT 4, 6, and 7 were interpreted to determine changes in land use from 2010 to 2017. The land facet data was sourced from the Geospatial Information Agency (BIG). The analysis in this study was carryout by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) sourced from 35 contributors. The results showed that 8.94% of the total area of Bogor Regency had undergone land-use changes from 2010-2017. The most extensive land-use changes were plantation (2.65%) and farming fields (2.47%). The most vulnerable area to the threat of a multi-disaster is the eastern part of Bogor Regency. This area is already congested with settlements, so that the vulnerability and element at risk are fairly high. Meanwhile, results gained from the AHP show that forests play an important role in disasters prevention and protection in Bogor Regency.

Current Status and Issues Associated with Disaster Prevention Functions of Sea Stations “UMI no EKI”

Current Status and Issues Associated with Disaster Prevention Functions of Sea Stations “UMI no EKI”

미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획요소 도출† - 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하여 -

Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as ‘particulate matter reduction plan’ and ‘green infrastructure planning elements’. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were ‘Green New Deal’ and ‘Vacant land’. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

Analysis on the Disaster Prevention Strategy of Macau Urban Green Space

With the frequent occurrence of natural disasters in cities in recent years, the disaster prevention and mitigation function of urban green space has been attracting more attention from the public. Because the urban green space system not only has the function of improving environmental quality and maintaining ecological balance, but also has the function of disaster prevention and mitigation. Macau located in the coastal region of southern China suffers from natural disasters such as typhoons, rainstorms and floods. however, due to its small land size and dense population, the development of its green spaces for disaster prevention has been hampered. This paper analyzed the current situation of green space in Macau, summarized the main problems, and proposed corresponding design strategies to provide reference for the disaster prevention construction of urban green space in Macau.

Initiatives for Formation and Effective Utilization of Underground Pedestrian Networks in Japan

In recent years, cities in Japan have faced a strong demand for improving urban environment and securing disaster prevention functions in response to changes in the socio-economic situation such as rapid development of information technologies, globalization, declining birthrate and aging population. In this context, underground pedestrian networks has not only the purpose of alleviating chronic congestion aboveground, but is expected to play various roles such as improvement of convenience by directly connecting to offices and commercial facilities, and provision of temporary occupancy function in the event of a disaster. Furthermore, it is possible to promote sophistication of underground space and to enhance various functions as a city, and efforts for implementation have already started. This paper introduces examples of underground pedestrian network projects that are being implemented in line with urban renewal, as well as efforts on effective utilization of underground space with new technologies in major cities in Japan.

A light piston well-flushing technique for clogged relief wells along Yangxin Dyke of Yangtze River in China

Plastic relief wells along Yangxin Dyke of Yangtze River in China have been seriously clogged in recent years. It is necessary to dredge the wells to restore its disaster prevention and mitigation function. However, traditional piston well-flushing technique is suitable to restore steel and iron wells, and it can cause damage to plastic relief wells. A new light piston well-flushing technique is proposed to overcome the limitation of traditional piston well-flushing technique. The proposed light piston has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and low cost. By the light piston moving down and up quickly the relief well, the nylon brush can clean the side wall and filters of relief well, and the negative pressure can make the deposited materials in the aquifer and inverted filter sucked out. The proposed well-flushing technique is applied to restore the plastic wells along Yangxin Dyke of Yangtze River in China. Its efficiency is illustrated using field pumping test data. It is shown that the drainage capacity and permeability of clogged relief wells can be greatly improved after using the proposed technique. The light piston well-flushing technique can provide an effective way to restore clogged relief wells along Yangtze River levees.

防災機能を持つ市街地清掃工場の立地に関する研究 その5 −清掃工場の心理的影響範囲—

防災機能を持つ市街地清掃工場の立地に関する研究 その5 −清掃工場の心理的影響範囲—

Disaster Prevention Functions of the Wariyama Coastal Forest in Akita Prefecture (Ⅱ)

Disaster Prevention Functions of the Wariyama Coastal Forest in Akita Prefecture (Ⅱ)

防災機能を持つ市街地清掃工場立地に関する研究 その３ ―防災支援による住民意識変化の地域比較―

防災機能を持つ市街地清掃工場立地に関する研究 その３ ―防災支援による住民意識変化の地域比較―

A Study on the Introduction of Disaster Prevention Function in City Park: The Case of Jeju Special Self-governing Province

A Study on the Introduction of Disaster Prevention Function in City Park: The Case of Jeju Special Self-governing Province

방재계획 요소로서 아파트와 한강변 아파트지구의 출현

방재계획 요소로서 아파트와 한강변 아파트지구의 출현

道の駅の歴史・理論・実証・政策に関する研究:―経済と防災に関する計量的分析―

道の駅の歴史・理論・実証・政策に関する研究:―経済と防災に関する計量的分析―

Enhancing Natural Hazard Prevention Function in Urban Regeneration Project

Natural disasters have been increasing in recent years due to unusual weather conditions. Recently, enhancing disaster response has become an important issue in large cities. Over the past decade, Busan has been suffering the largest damage from disasters compared to the other metropolitan cities. The damage is not only caused by the aging of the urban infrastructure, but also by deterioration of the living environment in the declining residential area. This study suggests ways to enhance the disaster prevention functions through the urban regeneration project for small towns in urban area, where are vulnerable to the natural disasters. It suggests two ways; 1) developing and implementing of the urban regeneration projects with the enhanced disaster prevention functions, and 2) complementing of the related systems and plans. Keywords: Urban Regeneration Projects, Natural Hazard, Prevention

For Revival of Disaster Prevention Function of the Rural Community

For Revival of Disaster Prevention Function of the Rural Community

Indicators for quantitative evaluation of the social services function of urban greenbelt systems: A case study of shenzhen, China

Existing ecological service assessments of urban green space have concentrated on natural environment, while research on the social services function remains underexplored. Taking Shenzhen as an example, this study starts with integrating the function of green space system with human needs. An indicator assessment technique that combines spatialization, rasterization and detailed of land ecological assessment was established with regard to the benefits of landscape aesthetics, function of disaster prevention and mitigation, and accessibility of park greenbelts. The results show that Shenzhen has very high recreational and cultural value, as the areas above medium level account for 66% of the city’s land area, and the recreational and cultural services are worth approximately 40.8million Yuan. Forest parks and comprehensive parks are important places to carry out social service function, particularly the disaster prevention and mitigation function, and the green spaces for disaster prevention and mitigation can be found in most of the disaster-prone areas. The accessibility of service shows a certain level of centrality, since the highest grade is concentrated in the central Bao’an, central Longgang, and the central part of the city. Based on the GIS overlay analysis, this study recognizes the distribution of essential patches, and constructs the structure of essential patches in urban green greenbelt systems by a combination of point, line, and surface elements. It shows the services of the Shenzhen greenbelt system have high potential for social integration, and this study also discusses the policy implication for macro decision-making. The assessment results objectively reflect multiple social services of the green space system in this region and provide a reference for the management, planning and construction of urban ecology in similar cities.