Disaster Phenomena Research Articles

Occurrence mechanism and prevention technology of rockburst, coal bump and mine earthquake in deep mining

Rockburst, coal bump, and mine earthquake are the most important dynamic disaster phenomena in deep mining. This paper summarizes the differences and connections between rockburst, coal bumps and mine earthquakes in terms of definition, mechanism, phenomenon, evaluation index, etc. The definition and evolution progress of the three disaster categories are summarized, as well as the monitoring, early warning, and prevention measures are also presented. Firstly, by combining theoretical research with specific technologies and engineering field cases, the main categories and failure mechanisms of rockburst, coal bumps and mine earthquakes are introduced. Then, the evaluation indexes of coal bump and mine earthquake are summarized, and a new evaluation index of rockburst is given. Finally, the characteristics of monitoring, early warning technologies and prevention methods of rockburst, coal bumps, and mine earthquakes are discussed in technology and application. At last, the future directions of rockburst, coal bump and mine earthquake are put forward.

Analysis and Prediction of Urban Surface Transformation Based on Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Sparrow Search Algorithm-Convolutional Neural Network-Long Short-Term Memory Model.

With the acceleration of urbanisation, urban areas are subject to the combined effects of the accumulation of various natural factors, such as changes in temperature leading to the thermal expansion or contraction of surface materials (rock, soil, etc.) and changes in precipitation and humidity leading to an increase in the self-weight of soil due to the infiltration of water along the cracks or pores in the ground. Therefore, the subsidence of urban areas has now become a serious geological disaster phenomenon. However, the use of traditional neural network prediction models has limitations when examining the causal relationships between time series surface deformation data and multiple influencing factors and when applying multiple influencing factors for predictive analyses. To this end, Sentinel-1A data from March 2017 to February 2023 were used as the data source in this paper, based on time series deformation data acquired using the small baseline subset interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique. A sparrow search algorithm-convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (SSA-CNN-LSTM) neural network prediction model was built. The six factors of temperature, humidity, precipitation, and ground temperature at three different depths below the surface (5 cm, 10 cm, and 15 cm) were taken as the input of the model, and the surface deformation data were taken as the output of the neural network model. The correlation between the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the ground subsidence in urban areas and various influencing factors was analysed using grey correlation analysis, which proved that these six factors contribute to some extent to the deformation of the urban surface. The main urban area of Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, was used as the study area. In order to verify the efficacy of this neural network prediction model, the prediction effects of the multilayer perceptron (MLP), backpropagation (BP), and SSA-CNN-LSTM models were compared and analysed, with the values of the correlation coefficients of the feature points of A1, B1, and C1 being in the range of 0.92, 0.83, and 0.93, respectively. The results show that compared with the traditional MLP and BP neural network models, the SSA-CNN-LSTM model achieves a higher performance in predicting time series surface deformation data in urban areas, which provides new ideas and methods for this area of research.

Principles of integrated disaster emergency response management in Indonesia

Disaster problems in recent years have become an interesting study, not only discussed by the government but also non-governmental organizations and the community. Facing this situation, the government must react and look for strategies to prevent natural (man-made) disasters or reduce the negative impacts following natural disasters.. Disaster phenomena can be studied from various scientific perspectives, including public administration. Disaster emergency response is a series of activities to deal with the direct negative impacts of disasters. According to BNPB Regulation Number 3 of 2018 concerning Handling Refugees in Disaster Emergency Situations, the Government's responsibilities in implementing Disaster Management include protecting the community from the impacts of disasters and ensuring the fulfillment of the rights of communities and refugees affected by disasters fairly and in accordance with minimum service standards. Based on the discussion above, it can be concluded that disaster management is part of a series implemented by the central and/or regional government through BNPB and/or BPBD in implementing post-disaster management or after a disaster by implementing in an integrated and comprehensive manner the principles that have been established which will implemented in stages determined by government regulations.

Innovative Music Composition “Blabur” | Karya Musik Inovatif “Blabur”

Blabur is defined as a source of imagination and pouring out ideas that will later be able to reflect both natural disaster phenomena and offer ideas through works of art. Blabur's innovative music works use spoken media which focuses on Gender Wayang on the instruments of drum krumpungan, gong pulu, kecek ricik, flute, gantora and kajar with the aim of knowing the ideas, structure and concept of making Blabur's innovative music works. Through the creation of this work, stylists want to develop existing patterns from before. Blabur's innovative musical work was appointed as a work as a reflection and a message to us that if the natural forces are so great if they experience an imbalance, they will become a disaster. The process of creating Blabur's innovative musical works has gone through three stages, namely the Exploration stage, the Improvisation stage, and the Forming stage. Blabur's innovative musical work consists of three main parts, namely part one, part two and part three. This work is supported by ten musicians and one gerong from Sanggar Mekar Seruni with a duration of 13 minutes and 14 seconds.

Pengembangan Podcast Natural Disaster Phenomena Berbasis Spotify sebagai Media Suplemen Pembelajaran Geografi

<p><em>Technological developments support the efficiency and effectiveness of geography learning. Learning during the pandemic was dominated by online systems that often used meeting-based applications combined with power point media. The above strategy has a weakness in the form of a large internet quota used, requires a stable signal and besides that learning cannot be done every time (real time), so it requires an alternative in the form of supplementary media, one of which is podcasts. The purpose of this research is to develop a spotify-based natural disaster phenomena podcast as a supplementary medium for learning geography. This research method is development research (R&D) using the Hannafin & Peck model. The subject of this study used a purposive sample by collecting data from semester 5 students who took disaster education courses at the Geography Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Semarang State University for the 2021/2022 academic year. Quantitative data collection to determine the quality of media supplements developed using a questionnaire then data analysis techniques using percentage descriptions, while qualitative data were taken from validator and student perception questionnaires using the developed media supplements, qualitative data analysis techniques using data reduction, data display and conclusions. Based on data analysis, the quality of the podcast produced is good, but it is better if the media is better, it is able to make revisions according to the data suggestions and criticisms from the results of filling out the perception questionnaire (closed questionnaire).</em><em></em></p>

An approach to the background, methods and challenges of research in disasters

Disasters are phenomena of global distribution and increasing impact, with a social and interdisciplinary nature and that often require the use of quantitative and qualitative methods to be investigated. The purpose of this paper is to explore the historical background of disaster research, the current use of epidemiological methods in disasters, as well as the difficulties and future challenges of research in this field. This study considers bibliographic elements and specific non-bibliographic events that have determined the historical evolution of disaster research, as well as its conceptual framework, particularly in relation to the approaches from which the research has been carried out and the range of methods epidemiological used. This is not a standard review. Current disaster research is developed for a wide variety of purposes, including the identification and characterization of populations exposed or at risk of disaster; the study and establishment of the exposure model for each specific type of disaster; the estimation of the incidence and prevalence of the different types of disaster and the quantification of the impacts in the short, medium and long term. Research is also carried out in the field of disasters to assess needs, plan relevant and efficient types of aid; model and predict the occurrence and to design adequate and efficient prevention, preparedness, mitigation and rehabilitation strategies. Even so, the predominant research on disasters is still very much focused on certain partial aspects of the phenomenon such as the response to the disaster and directed towards specific types of disasters, especially those of rapid onset. There is still little multidisciplinary and collaborative research among researchers from the different areas of interest that constitute the disaster phenomenon. Important challenges persist in disaster research, including the design of a common conceptual framework that allows multidisciplinary research in disasters, the development of specific methods to investigate complex emergencies (complex humanitarian emergencies) or disasters related to climate change; the development of a specific approach to investigate slow-onset disasters and their social, political and cultural factors, as well as research to develop feasible and cost-efficient prevention and response strategies. Solving these challenges will depend to a large extent to which the investigative capacity of managers and heads of organizations and field personnel working in disasters is improved.

An approach to the background, methods and challenges of research in disasters

Disasters are phenomena of global distribution and increasing impact, with a social and interdisciplinary nature and that often require the use of quantitative and qualitative methods to be investigated. The purpose of this paper is to review the historical background of disaster research, the current use of epidemiological methods in disasters, as well as the difficulties and future challenges of research in this field. This study is a review of bibliographic elements and specific non-bibliographic events that have determined the historical evolution of disaster research, as well as its conceptual framework, particularly in relation to the approaches from which the research has been carried out and the range of methods epidemiological used. Current disaster research is developed for a wide variety of purposes, including the identification and characterization of populations exposed or at risk of disaster; the study and establishment of the exposure model for each specific type of disaster; the estimation of the incidence and prevalence of the different types of disaster and the quantification of the impacts in the short, medium and long term. Research is also carried out in the field of disasters to assess needs, plan relevant and efficient types of aid; model and predict the occurrence and to design adequate and efficient prevention, preparedness, mitigation and rehabilitation strategies. Even so, the predominant research on disasters is still very much focused on certain partial aspects of the phenomenon such as the response to the disaster and directed towards specific types of disasters, especially those of rapid onset. There is still little multidisciplinary and collaborative research among researchers from the different areas of interest that constitute the disaster phenomenon. Important challenges persist in disaster research, including the design of a common conceptual framework that allows multidisciplinary research in disasters, the development of specific methods to investigate complex emergencies (complex humanitarian emergencies) or disasters related to climate change; the development of a specific approach to investigate slow-onset disasters and their social, political and cultural factors, as well as research to develop feasible and cost-efficient prevention and response strategies. Solving these challenges will depend to a large extent to which the investigative capacity of managers and heads of organizations and field personnel working in disasters is improved.

Risk map of typhoon induced wave fields around Hainan Island

Typhoon is one of the major natural disasters impacting Hainan Island, and it is often accompanied by other disaster phenomena such as storm surges and high wind waves, which in turn pose a great threat to human lives and assets. In this paper, the Holland typhoon model and the Miyazaki Masae wind field model are adopted to simulate the typhoon-induced wind field for Hainan Island oceans. The hybrid wind field is established by the parametric wind field and the ERA5 reanalysis wind field. The ADCIRC+SWAN coupled model is used to simulate the typhoon wind and wave interactions, and the results reveal that the hybrid wind field model performed well compared to the measured values. Finally, based on the typhoon best-track archive from China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the risks in ocean around Hainan Island are categorized. The hybrid wind field and the ADCIRC+SWAN model is used to establish the risk map for typhoon induced wave fields, considering different typhoon tracks and seasons.

Shelter from the Storm: Disaster Capitalism and Puerto Rican Undergraduates in Post–Hurricane María Stateside Higher Education

Background/Context: Our study takes an asset-based approach to examine the experiences of Puerto Rican undergraduates and the consequences of cascading disasters (e.g., hurricanes, earthquakes, COVID-19). Puerto Rican undergraduates were prone to vulnerability during cascading disasters because they lacked emergency supplies (e.g., flashlights), effective communication pre- and postdisaster (e.g., texts), and/or knowledge of disaster-related procedures on campus. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: In this article, we use disaster capitalism and the trauma doctrine as our theoretical underpinnings to address the colonial relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico, in which Puerto Ricans have experienced disaster as an ongoing process illuminated by the sociopolitical and sociohistorical contexts that only exacerbate a longer history of deep-seated colonial traumas. Research Design: This study employs disaster capitalism and the trauma doctrine as a theoretical guide to depict an anticolonial approach and provide a thick description of the multiple case study design bounded by the phenomenon of disaster across two units of analyses from 2017 to 2020. The first unit of analysis (case 1) demonstrates how the public education sector has been diminishing in Puerto Rico due to investments, in this instance, in stateside institutes of higher education (IHEs) through hurricane relief programs. The second unit of analysis (case 2) shows how increasingly paramount it is to examine the experiences of Puerto Rican undergraduates left prone to these vulnerabilities. Conclusions/Recommendations: The theoretical application and findings from our study demonstrate that based on the intersections of disaster capitalism and the trauma doctrine, Puerto Rican undergraduates have and are still experiencing deep-seated trauma masked in disaster “relief” and “recovery” at the hands of the U.S. government and IHEs. These provide an understanding of disaster at the national, institutional, and individual levels.

Need Analysis to Develop a Physics Module Integrated Natural Disaster and Mitigation

Physics is the study of phenomena, symptoms and interactions of objects that occur in nature. One of the phenomena that often occurs is natural disasters. Natural disasters are a series of events that occur naturally or non-naturally that can harm humans and anything in nature. Natural disasters can be prevented or reduced by doing mitigation. Mitigation is an effort carried out before a natural disaster occurs which aims to reduce or prevent the occurrence of natural disasters. In learning physics, natural disasters can be analyzed in physics concepts so that a teacher can make natural disaster phenomena a phenomenon that can increase students' knowledge in studying physics. Therefore, teachers need teaching materials that are integrated with natural disasters and mitigation to support learning to convey and analyze the role of physics in natural disaster phenomena and mitigation. The purpose of this study was to describe the teacher's need for the development of an integrated physics module for natural disasters and mitigation as teaching materials in physics learning. This research is a qualitative research with the subject of research is physics teacher from several schools in Riau. Data collection was carried out using a non-test method by providing a questionnaire in the form of a google form. The results of the questionnaire show that most teachers need physics teaching materials in the form of an integrated physics module for natural disasters and mitigation

『南村輟耕錄』 氣象類텍스트 연구

The four groups of meteorological texts in the Zhui Geng Lu are based on typhoon, tornado, thunderstorm, snow, tree ice and other meteorological phenomena. These are precious climate observation records for understanding the climate at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. Song and Yuan Dynasty mostly looked for regularity by observing climate change, and tried to explain disaster phenomenon scientifically. As a pure natural science, the five elements are also materials, which also represent meteorological conditions such as wind, rain, thunderstorm and cloud. Meteorology in ancient natural science mainly involved in agriculture and military affairs. Therefore, in the process of analysis, the more we contact with the general understanding of the natural science behind the text at that time, the more we can truly feel the structure of the literary expression of the text.

Risk evaluation and mitigation against flood danger in an arid environment. A case study (El Bayadh region, Algeria).

Floods are among the most serious and devastating phenomena of natural disasters. Cities adjacent to flood-prone areas in the last decades have played a major role in increasing the potential adverse effects of flood damage. This research study aims to evaluate and mitigate the risks of flood events in the El Bayadh region, which suffers from poor infrastructure and drained networks. To achieve this, it is necessary to evaluate rainfall intensities and their limits for durations from 0.167 to 24h with return periods from 2 to 1000years. Eight different frequency analysis distributions were fit to the historical rainfall data series over 43years (1970-2012) using hypothesis-based goodness tests and information-based criteria. The most appropriate distributions were used to develop the rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) and flood risk-duration-frequency (RDF) curves for the study area. The results show that high-intensity rainfall values last for short durations, while high flood risk values last for intermediate durations. The results of the flood RDF curves can provide useful information for policy makers to make the right decisions regarding the effectiveness of the region's protection structures against future flood risks.

Фокализация темы беды в творчестве А.П. Чехова второй половины 1880-х гг.: рассказы «Горе» (1885), «Чужая беда» (1886), «Беда» (1886) и «Беда» (1887)

Chekhov wrote four different stories that share the theme of woe and misfortune. Words denoting the theme are present in the titles of these stories, and the plots are built around it. The first story, “Woe”, was written in 1885. The second and third stories, “Other People's Misfortune” and “In Trouble”, were written in 1886. The fourth story, “In Trouble”, was written in 1887. A comparative analysis of these four stories is done for the first time. The relevance of the study lies in the novelty of the study of “trouble” in Chekhov's works. The phenomenon of trouble is widespread in the writer's works, and it has several peculiarities. This article analyses “Chekhovian misfortune” and aims to determine its unique features. The key research method is comparative analysis, which helps indicate the differences and similarities of Chekhov's misfortunes in the four stories, it helps us to better understand Chekhov's philosophy as a writer and as a psychologist. The course of the study is first studying the four stories, then conducting their analysis, and comparing them based on the results of the analysis. This study explores the creation of these stories and compares them to each other. Despite the differences in the plots of these works, common themes and motifs still can be traced. The phenomenon of disaster for Chekhov is a fundamental plot. Chekhov pays great attention to creating a unique, Chekhovian misfortune in the story “In Trouble” in 1887. This story was written after “In Trouble” in 1886, the “trouble” motif of which did not leave the writer satisfied. Chekhov unravels his thoughts of human misfortunes in distinctive context. One of the main features of Chekhovian misfortune is that the writer swiftly gets straight to the point, lets the reader see the character's misfortune and immerse into it. However, the real Chekhovian misfortune is how people treat the ones facing it. It is evident in “Other People's Misfortune”, through which the writer is trying to share his ideas about the fundamental human issues, his outlook on ethics and empathy. These problems are scrutinized in all four of the novels that are being analysed in this work. Combined together they, represent the Chekhovian problem of human relations, which in his writings often leads characters to feeling complete indifference to everything in life. The four different works are united by the moral social problem described in them. The problem consists in the lack of desire for understanding others. Grief or misfortune are not really true misfortunes for Chekhov, especially if they end happily, like in “In Trouble” (1886), but, despite the good ending, the story still has its title. Randomness or inattention to the main or secondary things in life, indifference or aimlessness of the plot gives Chekhov a position of neutrality. Chekhov does not want to evaluate and define trouble (misfortune, woe), since he alone will not be able to persuade the whole humanity of what real trouble is. So, he tried to be as as neutral as possible in relation to his characters, entrusting the reader with the task of evaluating.

Water-related disasters in Comal watershed – Indonesia: typology and policy support

Water-related disasters, such as floods and drought, continue to occur in the Comal Watershed area because of several reasons such as high growth of land conversion and insufficient policy support. Each type of disaster happens in a particular prone area that can be identified based on certain characteristics. Accordingly, this paper aims to identify the typology of the occurring disaster and subsequently assess the disaster risk reduction efforts that have been implemented by government institutions. Content analysis was applied to further explore the disaster phenomena in the area. Data obtained from various secondary data sources such as mass media and planning documents related to the selected basin. The results of the study show that catastrophic disasters take place in particular natural physical conditions of the river basin. Other than that, disaster risk reduction efforts have been conducted in accordance with the efforts of integrated water resources management.

The Place of the Disaster Phenomenon in the Perspective of the Wicked Problem

The Place of the Disaster Phenomenon in the Perspective of the Wicked Problem

Fenomena Bencana Alam dalam Teks Mantra Pangujanan

Natural disasters as natural phenomena are unavoidable in human’s life. The phenomena of natural disasters can be found in the Pangujanan text. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of natural disasters represented in the Pangujanan text and to reveal the signs or symbols of the disasters. Qualitative descriptive research method is used to reveal the types and signs of a natural disaster phenomenon. In interpreting the sign, semiotic theory is needed to present it systematically. The results of this study indicate that (1) the natural disasters depicted in the Pangujanan text are earthquakes, heavy rains, thunderbolt, hurricanes, and flash floods which are narrated based on Balinese local wisdom, (2) natural disasters in the Pangujanan text as signs have given a rise to some interpretations, namely (a) some natural disasters as results of the practice of reducing rain as narrated in the Pangujanan text, and in this case, disaster mitigation is needed, and (b) some natural disasters as forces of the practice of making rain narrated in the Pangujanan text. The conclusion that can be drawn from the results of this study is that in the past, knowledge about natural disaster phenomena was narrated in a text, and in this study, we look at natural disaster phenomena narrated through the Pangujanan text. The benefit that we can take from this study is as disaster knowledge contained in ancient manuscripts.

A system for accounting the costs of contemporary negative environmental phenomena - some methodological remarks

The article contains an idea of building a cost accounting system for contemporary negative phenomena of natural and anthropogenic disasters, including ecological ones. These phenomena are treated as "black swans", that is, phenomena with a high level of threat and wide, diverse, mainly negative effects. The authors presented selected methodological suggestions for including different types of effects of such phenomena in the system of records and their monetary valorization (i.e. cost recognition). The article is intended as an introduction to further in-depth discussion of these challenges. Considering the emerging problems (phenomena and processes), they belong to the most important issues for economics, ecological economics and environmental economics. However, they are not very often addressed in the literature.

A novel index model for defrosting initiating time point of air source heat pump based on the cusp catastrophe theory

In winter, the operating performance of air source heat pump (ASHP) units deteriorates due to the accumulation of frost on the outdoor coil surface. In order to reduce the impact of this disaster phenomenon, ensure stable operation and save energy, it is necessary to accurately determine the initiation of defrosting after a period of unit operation. Although some existing defrosting initiation control strategies are effective, too much data volume and accuracy are required. To address these issues, a different perspective on mutation from previous studies is taken. This study combines the cusp catastrophe theory with frost accumulation, and presents a defrosting initiation index model for ASHP. After a brief description of the cusp catastrophe theory, the discriminant index model based on the cusp catastrophe theory (DICC) is proposed, state variable and control variables of the index model are determined. Then, the unit was tested for 10-days. To solve and verify the DICC, 10-days experimental data was used and it was found that DICC can efficiently predict the heating capacity decreases. Consequently, the DICC-based defrosting initiation control strategy was compared with the existing strategies, and the unit’s performance improvement compared to the original strategy was evaluated, as the results show, a 3.9% improvement in coefficient of performance (COP) and a 4.9% increase in heating capacity. Therefore, the strategy proposed in this paper is suitable for ASHP units with limited data capacity and low data accuracy, also can ensure the accurate initiation of defrosting and efficient operation.

Patalan River Basin Flood Plains Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment of Buildings Extracted from Lidar Derived Datasets

Abstract: Philippines, as it is known to be a stopover for Pacific typhoons, is frequently threaten by flood and landslide that endangers the lives of many Filipinos. Great amount of monetary resources are being used up annually because of incidents by annual heavy downpour in this country. The population, their source of revenue and the area are the ones affected by these unfortunate events that causes the country for millions of peso every year. In this regard, there is an obvious need for methods and strategies that will alleviate adverse situations and which will protect human lives, properties and social infrastructure against disaster phenomena. Different important parameters in disaster risk management such as earth observations, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were integrated and utilized in this study. This study dealt with mapping and assessment of buildings that might possibly be exposed and vulnerable to flooding based on the simulated flood maps at different rainfall scenarios in Patalan River Basin, Pangasinan, Philippines. The assessment was done through GIS overlay analysis of the CLSU PHIL-LiDAR 1 Project outputs, the 3D building GIS database and flood hazard maps. The 3D building GIS database was generated through processes and analysis of various datasets that include 1m resolution LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), geo-tagged video captured data and high resolution images in Google Earth. The flood hazard maps with different hazard levels were generated with the use of flood models developed using the combined HEC HMS and HEC RAS. Results of this study were series of flood exposure maps and vulnerability maps with statistics at different rainfall scenarios. The number of houses, businesses and other types of building at risk of being flooded was quantified. It was observed that buildings exposed and vulnerable to flood are highest at 100 year return period. With the total of 129,800 building features extracted, results show that at 100 year return period there will be 61,377 buildings, 16,806 buildings and 23 buildings at low, medium and high hazards, respectively. Moreover, also at 100-year return period, a total of 12,569 buildings, 8,628 buildings and 17,795 buildings were identified that had high vulnerabilities to flood in terms of height at low, medium and high hazards, respectively. These produced maps can provide valuable information to the local government units and the communities around Patalan river basin in their flood disaster management through appropriate and riskconscious development in order to prevent further build-up risks. Through these maps, it is easier to disseminate information that is more realistic to the residents about the hazardous areas and to help them act on warning and evacuating measures. Keywords: Geographic Information System, flood, database, exposure, hazard

Research in disaster and social capital: Mapping out the themes and findings

Research in the field of disaster has been growingly and widely conducted primarily in response to the local and global disaster phenomena which has also witnessed an increasing trend over the time. Meanwhile, social capital has been recognized as a key element in disasters’ recovery and resilience. This study employs qualitative standpoint to identify the findings and themes of research linking the issues of disaster and social capital. In selecting and critically appraising all the relevant studies in the topic of disaster and social capital, systematic review method was adopted. Using the Scopus database to identify relevant articles, this study reviewed 39 articles published in (accounting and business) journals indexed in Scopus from 1990 to 2020. The finding identifies several research themes within the interaction of disaster and social capital. Five sub-clusters were identified consisting of research focused on bridging social capital, bonding social capital, the factors, the role, social participation, and obstacles. Findings from each sub-cluster were mapped out and it generally indicates somehow synchronous patterns of findings from each cluster indicating the various essential roles of social capital were highlighted for the disaster resilience and recovery process.