Perspective Of Disaster Management Research Articles

Sustainable Community-Based Disaster Management (CBDM) in Wonolelo Village, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Special Region of Yogyakarta is passed by the ring of fire and become a province which prone to disasters, especially earthquake. In 2006, Wonolelo Village was one of the villages hardest hit by the earthquake. Therefore, understanding and awareness of disaster management are important. Currently, disaster management at local is widely applied. According to Van Niekerk, et al (2017), the approach at the local level aims to change the perspective of disaster management in terms of issues, challenges and problems faced by the community. For this reason, Wonolelo Village has a disaster-aware community, the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum (FPRB). The purposes of this research are to identify the processes and factors that influence the success of sustainable CBDM in Wonolelo Village. The method used is qualitative. Based on the analysis, Wonolelo Village has three stages of the disaster management process, namely the identification, the planning and implementation stage, and the development stage. While the factors that influence the success of disaster management in Wonolelo Village are the choice of Wonolelo Village as a Pilot Project by NDMA, recurring disaster events, volunteers who have team awareness, the existence of cooperation culture in the community, and budget allocation from Wonolelo Government for CBDM.

Precarious Living: Assessing the Disaster Risk Vulnerability of Selected Informal Settlers in Dasmariñas City, Philippines

From the perspective of disaster management, the proliferation of slums and informal settlers pose a serious problem because their economic status inadvertently drive them to spaces unsuitable for housing. The informal settler often reside in areas prone to flooding, seismic activity and landslides exposing them to a vicious repeat cycle of destruction and loss of life. Sitio Bato, a newly-formed informal settlers’ community in Dasmarinas City, Philippines, is a case point. Situated near a creek and without electricity and water connection (at the start of study in 2019), the residents are seemingly susceptible to disaster hazards. Against this backdrop, this study seeks to discuss the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the residents of Sitio Bato regarding their vulnerability to disasters and the views of selected local government officials regarding the self-assessment of the informal settlers. Through survey among household heads and key informant interviews of local leaders, the following findings were notable in the study. First, the residents were knowledgeable of preventive mechanisms of floods, such as the important function of trees and proper waste disposal to exclude waterways. The residents’ neighborhood organization is recognized by the barangay officials, and hence, their attendance to seminars/training on disaster management might have helped. Second, in terms of attitude, it appears that it is innate for the informal settlers to care for their neighbors, and thus, it is part of their daily activity to check on each other’s family. The lack of electricity encourage them to stay outdoors and talk to each other, strengthening their bond. Third, in terms of practice, disposal of trash to the creek is not done, and hence, water from the creek flows without obstruction. Recyclable trash coming from communities in the upper part of the creek are collected by a few Sitio Bato residents. Overall, residents do not perceive that their living in Sitio Bato as precarious or hazardous. Local officials generally perceive the city’s informal settlers as “privileged” because the services offered by the city government is received by everyone, regardless of the legality of their residence.

Fifteen years of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami in Aceh-Indonesia: Mitigation, preparedness and challenges for a long-term disaster recovery process

It has been a decade and a half since the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami devastated people's lives in Aceh, Indonesia. Over the years, there was a massive reconstruction process, which was conducted between 2005 and 2009, to rebuild the areas affected by the tsunami. The recovery process was later continued by the local government in Aceh. Up until 2019, there have been four different recovery process assessments, i.e. (1) in 2009 performed by the Aceh-Nias Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Agency (BRR Aceh-Nias), (2) in 2012 by Tsunami and the Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), (3) in 2014 by TDMRC and the Aceh Provincial Disaster Management Agency (BPBA), and (4) in 2019 by TDMRC and BPBA. This study is aimed at reporting the progress of the long-term tsunami recovery process from a perspective of disaster management (preparedness, mitigation, and policies). The first three recovery process assessment reports were synthesized using comprehensive literature reviews. During the reviews, this study applied Hyogo Frameworks for Actions (HFA) to identified key achievements during the recovery phases. The fourth tsunami recovery assessment was performed between March and October 2019 through a questionnaire survey involving 1087 respondents within three groups (Individuals, Public Health Clinics/Puskesmas, and Schools) and a focus group discussion. The questionnaire survey was performed in 9 districts in Aceh, which were once severely affected by the 2004 tsunami. The literature reviews of the reports that were previously conducted, identified that large achievements in tsunami mitigation and preparedness were found at the end of 2009. However, the frequency and involving parties in the mitigation and preparedness decreased significantly, especially after 2012. This study also reveals that tsunami preparedness at the community level is in a good condition. However, some schools and Puskesmas are unprepared to face a tsunami emergency situation, due to lack of emergency drills and operational guidelines for efficient tsunami responses.

Mitigating Psychological Impact: The Experience of Korean Disaster Management.

The psychological impact of disasters has not been adequately addressed in Korea. This research aims to evaluate how Korea should improve its management of the psychological impact of disasters toward the ultimate goal of effective disaster management. Qualitative content analysis is the main method applied. Nonprofessional management is compared with professional management by considering governments, psychology specialists, disaster victims, and local communities. The main finding is that Korea must change its current management style from nonprofessional to professional. Neighboring nations need to implement supplementary measures toward adopting a systematic approach that considers all phases of the disaster management cycle, emergency planning, and a long-term approach. The value of this study lies in its comprehensive examination of the issue of psychological impact from the perspective of disaster management in Korea.

A reflection on the anti-epidemic response of COVID-19 from the perspective of disaster management

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) shocked the world as it spread rapidly from continent to continent, and finally, it became a pandemic resulting in many infected patients, with an increasing number of deaths, and a devastating effect on worldwide economics. People only know that epidemic or pandemic is a rapid spread of infection, but in fact it can also be regarded as a biological disaster, which can be managed from a perspective of disaster management. This article discusses the current situation of the anti-epidemic response of COVID-19, and suggests using a disaster management approach to better handle this pandemic situation through mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.

Disaster-based participatory development planning

Disasters are a global problem in many countries. Particularly in Indonesia,where has many prone areas to disasters. The perspective of disastermanagement has entered a new paradigm, from previously only focusing onemergency response activities to mitigation and preparedness approaches. Mitigation andpreparedness are carried out when disasters do not occur. Indisaster risk mitigation, it is necessary to involve active communityparticipation, especially in planning for disaster-related development. So far, the communities are mostly only passive object in the development program that only accepts any initiatives of disaster-based development made by thegovernment. The communities need to be placed as active subjectsparticipating in the disaster-related development in their community. Many disaster-based infrastructure developments so far still use the top-downmechanism, namely disaster planning, and management entirely based on the initiation of the government or organization. In Disaster Management Law No.24/2007, it is stated that the community has the right to be actively involved indisaster management efforts in their communities. This paper aims to identifywhat forms of community participation in disaster-based development,especially at the planning stage of infrastructure development activities.

Dichotomies of disaster management: a reflection on the politics of efficient decision making

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the variety of dichotomies related to disaster management with an objective to gain a better understanding of how and when dichotomous thinking can improve disaster management, especially in the discourse of disaster management politics. Design/methodology/approach This is a reflective essay that surveys dichotomies from multiple disciplines in respect to their potential contributions to disaster management. Findings Thinking about disaster management as a collection or series of dichotomies may help to better understand the sources, vulnerabilities, approaches, modes, methods and modes for related decision-making scenarios, particularly in the political realm. Research limitations/implications The world is not so simply divided at every turn and dichotomous thinking may harbor biases, mask ignorance and/or offend postmodern notions of alterity. Practical implications Portraying disaster management through dichotomies is an efficient way for experts to convey information and structure decisions for political agendas. Originality/value This study presents a unique perspective of disaster management and how it may shape the thinking and decision making of disaster management politics.

Korszerű oktatási eszközök és módszerek alkalmazása a polgári védelmi felkészítésben

These days, there is more and more discussion about the challenges that we will be facing in the next decades. Natural disasters, migration, the fourth industrial revolution, fast-paced world and the rapidly digitalised everyday events are creating a changing environment, where resilience is a consistent part of our lives. The reaction of the civilians to the challenges arising in these areas is in correlation with their general knowledge and pre-acquired abilities. One of the basic conditions of the ability to be defensive and responsive regarding environmental protection is constant education and knowledge augmentation within the preparation of civil protection. In order to verify that these academic and educational systems are up-to-date and efficient in the future, it is essential to research new methods as this is how we can ensure that andragogy can be efficient, rogressive and sustainable in the long term. The author of this article examines modern digital devices, innovative educational methods and their use from the perspective of disaster management regarding the preparation of environmental protection.

The Rising Role of Big Data Analytics and IoT in Disaster Management: Recent Advances, Taxonomy and Prospects

The recent development of big data analytics (BDA) and the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies create a huge opportunity for both disaster management systems and disaster-related authorities (emergency responders, police, public health, and fire departments) to acquire state-of-the-art assistance and improved insights for accurate and timely decision-making. The motivation behind this research is to pave the way for effective utilization of the available opportunities that the BDA and IoT collaboratively offer to predict, understand and monitor disaster situations. Most of the conventional disaster management systems lack the support for multiple new data sources and real-time big data processing tools that can assist decision makers with quick and accurate results. This paper highlights the importance of BDA and IoT for disaster management and investigates recent studies directed towards the same. We classify a thematic taxonomy with several related attributes and inspect the prevalent solutions to propose a conceptual reference model for the deployment of BDA- and IoT-based disaster management environments. The reference model with its proposed integrated parameters can provide guidelines to harvest, transmit, manage, and analyze disaster data from various data sources to deliver updated and valuable information for disaster management. We also enumerate some important use cases from a disaster management perspective. Finally, we highlight the main research challenges that need to be addressed in such an important field of research.

Does early-life famine experience impact rural land transfer? Evidence from China

Land use plays an important role in ensuring food security. Research on the driving factors of land use has gradually changed from analysis of apparent determinants to investigation of deeper and more fundamental determinants, even those rooted in personal experiences. More studies have begun to focus on the long-term impact of personal experiences, especially early-life experiences, on subsequent behavior. Different from previous studies, this study discusses the long-term impact of famine experience not only on the direction of land transfer but also on the scale of land transfer. Specifically, based on the survey data of 8031 households collected from 27 provinces in China in 2014 and under the theoretical framework of “early-life experience→psychological and physiological reflection→behavioral performance”, this study focuses on the impact of famine experience on land transfer and on the heterogeneous impacts of famine experience of different age groups (1–6 years old, 7–17 years old, 18 years old or above) on land transfer. The results show the following. (1) Compared with the group born after the famine, the groups born before the famine tend to reduce the land rented out and increase the land rented in. (2) Compared with the adult group (i.e., 18 years old or above), the groups that experienced famine in their early life (i.e., 1–6 years old or 7–17 years old) are more likely to reduce the land rented out and increase the land rented in. This study not only theoretically raises awareness of the long-term impact of the great famine but also provides some practical reference for improving the rural land transfer market to ensure food security from the perspective of disaster management.

English

Climate change and climate variability are causing frequent flooding in Northern Cameroon with dire consequences for food security and agrarian livelihoods. With projected increases in temperature and rainfall, there is heightened risk for livelihood assets and food security in the region. This article undertakes three tasks. First, it applies and adapts the Sustainable Livelihood conceptual framework to the Northern Cameroon case. Second, evaluating the 2012 floods, considered the worst affecting Northern Cameroon, and lastly, this research investigates the effects of frequent flooding on livelihood assets and food security focusing on two case study sites. Findings indicate that floods usually cause considerable damage to critical infrastructure with dire ramifications for food Security and livelihood assets. Finally, the article draws upon the empirical findings relating to post-2012 flood in Cameroon to facilitate further enhancements to the Sustainable Livelihood framework. The authors argue that there is considerable ‘value-added’ if the framework accommodates a more explicit disaster management perspective. By integrating an explicit disaster management perspective, further insights are in turn possible into the future role of transforming structures and processes that influence livelihood strategies and outcomes in a food-insecure Cameroon confronted with every more frequent flooding. Key words: Frequent flooding, climate variability, sustainable livelihoods, disaster management, North Cameroon.

Routine to Rare Risk - A Case Study of Firecracker Explosion Disaster in India.

Introduction:In India quite a few religious festivals and cultural fairs are accompanied by public display of fireworks. The grandeur of the festivals is often evaluated by the common man with respect to its colorful firework displays. Firecracker accidents during mass fireworks at public display venues may be disastrous in its consequences and damages. A fire cracker disaster which occurred during a religious public firework display event at Puttingal in Kerala, India was documented and analyzed to figure out the safety concerns and good practices, towards making a reference for effective emergency management.Methods:The fire cracker incident was studied on the broader perspective of disaster management. Inputs from agencies involved in emergency response, casualty management, damage assessment and general administration as well as the perspective of victims and the public who witnessed the event was incorporated in to the study through participatory observation, field visits and face to face discussions.Result:The response followed by the firecracker explosion was analyzed in three phases based on the time frame of response. Influence of traditions and culture in firework organization, the mandatory legal requirements for firework displays and the current safety practices followed were evaluated in the background of this rare firecracker risk which turned out to be a major disaster in the state of Kerala in India.Conclusion:Public display of fireworks in Puttingal temple was organised despite of the legal permission from competitive authority. Negligence of law, non-sensitivity of public towards fire work safety, competitive nature of event organizers and social pressure from religious groups traversed the basic fire work safety requirements, ultimately triggered the largest fire cracker disaster in Kerala.

Local supply chains: The disaster management perspective

Local supply chains: The disaster management perspective

The Integration Of Cultural Resources Management In Disaster Management At Special Region Province Of Yogyakarta

The Republic of Indonesia Law number 24 year 2007 on disaster emphasizes that the protection of national assets is in line with Law No. 11 year 2010 on the cultural heritage. Yogyakarta Province has 12 disaster hazards and has five complete archaeological cultural layers in Indonesia. In the event of a disaster, potential damage to the cultural heritage is exposed. The archaeological cultural layer consists of prehistoric, classical, Islamic and colonial. The lack of research related to cultural heritage in the province resulting in increasing vulnerability of cultural heritage and society. Using qualitative method with in-depth interview, the aim of this study is to analyse the management of cultural heritage from the perspective of disaster management. Archaeological cultural layers that embedded into the realm of cultural heritage is defined as a national asset that should be protected. The result shows that the management of cultural resources in the province is not yet integrated with disaster management. However, the results of the archaeological identification of cultural heritage in each cultural layer in Yogyakarta showed the development of community adaptation to the disaster. Utilization of cultural heritage as an element of the panca gatra has been impartial that affected the regional resilience and security in facing the disaster. Both of these problems can be overcome by integrating the cultural resources management and disaster management, the establishment of an emergency response team on cultural preservation, and disaster risk analysis on cultural heritage that annexed by BPBD and Cultural Office of Yogyakarta Province.

Mitigating Hazards by Better Designing a Recycling Program: Lessons Learned from South Korea

As an effort of mitigating hazards, pro-environmental programs have been vigorously activated with regard to solid waste recycling. It is beneficial for both the environment and resource saving, but implementation and enforcement are hard to achieve voluntarily. The South Korean Government first implemented the Deposit Refund System (DRS) and later the Extended Producer Responsibility Program (EPR) to reduce waste and encourage recycling in South Korea. Un-der the DRS, producers would pay for recycling the wastes of the products. The government then repealed the DRS and implemented the EPR program. Under this program, the producers recycle as much as the Ministry of Environment determines or pay a penalty for an excessive amount of the waste. In the broader perspective of disaster management, such policy programs can mitigate environmental hazards. This paper compares those two programs that facilitated the level of recycling, focusing on how such programs regulate producers and how they were operated from the perspective of implementation and enforcement.

Nutritional Composition of Five Varieties of Pap Commonly Consumed in Maroua (Far- North, Cameroon)

1. Enhancing local livelihoods resilience and food security in the face of frequent flooding in Africa: A disaster management perspective Ngenyam Henry, Miles Lee, Gordon Richard Journal of African Studies and Development CrossRef

Quantifying vulnerability of rural communities to flooding in SSA: A contemporary disaster management perspective applied to the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi

In response to the increasing frequency and economic damages of natural disasters globally, disaster management has evolved significantly to incorporate vulnerability assessments that are multi-dimensional, integrated and metric-based. This is to support knowledge-based decision making and hence sustainable disaster risk reduction. In Malawi and most of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), however, flood vulnerability assessments mainly focusing on social vulnerability, have been largely qualitative. The subjective nature of such qualitative assessments makes their use for identifying relative vulnerabilities of specific people and places, targeting of interventions, allocation of scarce resources and monitoring of benefits that may arise from interventions extremely problematic. Viewing vulnerability through exposure, susceptibility and capacity dimensions, all linked to social, economic, physical and environmental factors, this study has used an index-based approach to quantify and profile vulnerability to flooding of rural, subsistent communities in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi. Results show that vulnerability to flooding is susceptibility-driven with susceptibility magnitudes manifesting as high to very high. In particular, socio-economic and to a large extent environmental susceptibilities are predominantly high to very high. Economic and physical capacities tend to be low but societal capacity tends to be high thereby attenuating overall capacity-induced vulnerability to medium levels. Physical exposure is medium. Except for environmental vulnerability, spatial differentiation in all forms of vulnerability across communities is in general marginal.

Operation of Emergency Operating Centers During Mass Casualty Incidents in Taiwan: A Disaster Management Perspective

On April 27, 2011, a train derailed and crashed in Taiwan, causing a mass casualty incident (MCI) that was similar to a previous event and with similar consequences. In both disasters, the emergency operating centers (EOCs) could not effectively integrate associated agencies to deal with the incident. The coordination and utilization of resources were inefficient, which caused difficulty in command structure operation and casualty evacuation. This study was designed to create a survey questionnaire with problem items using disaster management phases mandated by Taiwan's Emergency Medical Care Law (EMCL), use statistical methods (t test) to analyze the results and issues the EOCs encountered during the operation, and propose solutions for those problems. Findings showed that EOCs lacked authority to intervene or coordinate with associated agencies. Also, placing emphasis on the recovery phase should improve future prevention and response mechanisms. To improve the response to MCIs, the EMCL needs to be amended to give EOCs the lead during disasters; use feedback from the recovery phase to improve future disaster management and operation coordination; and establish an information-sharing platform across agencies to address all aspects of relief work.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6).

Geo-data acquisition through mobile GIS and digital video: an urban disaster management perspective

For the management of urban disaster risk, periodic updating of building and lifeline geo- databases is crucial, particularly in developing countries where urbanisation rates are very high. However, collecting information on the characteristics of buildings and lifelines through full ground surveys can be very costly and time-consuming. Research into more cost-effective surveying alternatives should be therefore high on the agenda. This paper explores the use of an off-the-shelf low-cost and rapid method of data collection for the development of a building inventory based on the combination of remote sensing (RS), global positioning systems (GPS), digital video (DV) and geographic information systems (GIS). The method developed consists of a sequence of stages, the first stage involves the use of RS and GIS for stratification and mission planning purposes. The second stage consists of using GPS and DV for the creation of spatially referenced images and the third stage involves the use of GIS for display and analysis. The methodology developed was tested on the Costa Rican city of Cartago and its advantages and disadvantages identified.

The Mount Parnitha (Athens) Earthquake of September 7, 1999: A Disaster Management Perspective

Strong earthquakes in the proximity of densely inhabited urban areas pose one ofthe most complicated disaster management situations faced by societies today. Herethe experience and principal disaster management lessons learned from the earthquakenear Athens, Greece, in September 1999, are presented. A review of the earthquakeaffected region reveals that Athens continues to expand in area, thus becoming moreexposed to seismic activity from neighbouring seismogenic areas. The earthquake of7 September 1999 became Greece's costliest natural disaster, despite its moderatemagnitude, and occurred in an area of low seismic activity, only 18 kilometres fromthe city centre. What were the effects of the earthquake on the building stock of Athens in statistical terms? How can a society with relatively modest financial means react when close to 100,000 properties are suddenly rendered uninhabitable or need costly repairs? What were the relief actions taken by a government that is experienced in dealing with frequent earthquake disasters in other parts of the country? What needs to be done to improve earthquake safety and preparedness?Has the recovery process two years after the earthquake reached a satisfactory level? What were the effects on the insurance industry? These are some of the issues discussed in this paper, which forms an initial study of the disaster management aspects of this event. The official information sources in this paper are from various Greek sources. It was thought useful to include some of these (e.g., theresults of the damage surveys; the government's estimates of the cost of the recovery; the measures for relief assistance; the data about the recovery process) for the benefit of international and local readers interested in earthquake disaster management issues.