Disaster Management Knowledge Research Articles

The Reconstruction of Disaster Knowledge through Thematic Learning of Science, Environment, Technology, and Society Integrated with Local Wisdom

This study aimed to improve the mastery of knowledge, attitudes, and skills of students in disaster mitigation in prone areas of volcanic eruptions. The subjects of this research were fifth (V) graders in three elementary schools situated in prone areas of Merapi volcano eruption in Srumbung subdistrict, Magelang regency, Central Java. The data collected in this study consisted of disaster knowledge, attitude, and mitigation practice. The data of disaster knowledge were obtained through a test and analyzed using t-test and N-gain. The attitude data were collected using questionnaire with an improvement analysis using N-gain. The mitigation practice data were collected through observation and analyzed by descriptive percentage for attitudes and skills. The research results showed that the implementation of thematic learning of Science, Environment, Technology, and Society (SETS) integrated with local wisdom was able to reconstruct and increase the disaster management knowledge. This can be seen from the N-gain score obtained by each elementary school which the highest Gain Score was 0.46 and included in the medium category. There was an enhancement attitude toward disaster having the highest Gain Score was 0.77. All disaster mitigation indicators were successfully mastered by more than 70 percent of the students, who were in the good category (70≥X≤85) in all three elementary schools implementing the thematic learning of SETS integrated with local wisdom.

Assessing the Self-reported Level of Knowledge, of Romanian Parents with 4-12 Year Old Children, on Emergency Behavior

The purpose of this research project is to assess self-reported levels of knowledge of parents with children aging from 4 to 12 by examining parental behavior in emergency situations in Romania. This project is a transversal descriptive study that addresses the objective of the research. This study contains 5 phases: Phase 1: Researching the addressed problem; Phase 2: Creating and developing the main tool, the questionnaire; Phase 3: Applying online the tool to the target group; Phase 4: Collecting online obtained data; Phase 5: Analyzing and evaluating the data obtained after the questionnaire was collected for further interventions. The final conclusion of this study will shed light on parental behavior that directly impacts the well-being of children. The results, furthermore, will be used to establish a link between the level of education and decision-making abilities during emergencies. This shall help parents avoid negative patterns of behavior and maximize the mental and the physical health of children. In other words, the result of the study will provide a baseline for further interventions, proving that family education can benefit not only human life but can also improve monetary income by reducing material damage. Keywords: Disaster and Public Health, Natural disaster management knowledge, Parental education, Child education

Implicit and explicit knowledge in flood evacuations with a case study of Takamatsu, Japan

Preparedness of communities to natural disasters is a key to mitigating more immediate impacts, whilst improving social resilience for longer-term recovery. The neighbourhood-level implicit knowledge and its association with residents’ awareness, preparedness and reaction to disasters remain imperfectly understood in the literature. A multi-disciplinary research perspective is taken in this research to enhance the understanding of the role of implicit knowledge in disaster management. The methodology is based on a literature review and descriptive analysis of knowledge management, communities of practice, explicit and implicit knowledge and evacuation behaviour. A qualitative interview on implicit knowledge was designed and administered to selected community members in the Japanese city of Takamatsu where typhoons are common and coastal flooding prevalent, as demonstrated by our historical analysis from the 17th century onwards. After reviewing the current City Disaster Management Plans, we argue that both explicit and implicit information is needed to formulate more effective, local-area evacuation plans and that the land-use planning profession in Japan has an important role in disaster mitigation. Practical implications and future research directions are identified in concluding the paper.

Local knowledge: Empirical Fact to Develop Community Based Disaster Risk Management Concept for Community Resilience at Mangkang Kulon Village, Semarang City

Local knowledge in disaster management should not be neglected in developing community resilience. The circular relation between humans and their living habitat and community social relation have developed the local knowledge namely specialized knowledge, shared knowledge, and common knowledge. Its correlation with community-based disaster management has become an important discussion specially to answer can local knowledge underlie community-based disaster risk reduction concept development? To answer this question, this research used mix-method. Interview and crosstab method for 73 respondents with 90% trust rate were used to determine the correlation between local knowledge and community characteristics. This research found out that shared knowledge dominated community local knowledge (77%). While common knowledge and specialized knowledge were sequentially 8% and 15%. The high score of shared value (77%) indicated that local knowledge was occurred in household level and not yet indicated in community level. Shared knowledge was found in 3 phases of the resilient community in dealing with disaster, namely mitigation, emergency response, and recovery phase. This research, therefore, has opened a new scientific discussion on the self-help concept in community-help concept in CBDRM concept development in Indonesia.

A Study on a Way to Schematize Episodic Knowledge in Disaster Management:

A Study on a Way to Schematize Episodic Knowledge in Disaster Management:

The role of Oromo indigenous knowledge in disaster Management and Protection: the case of Kuttaayee Oromo in Ambo district

This paper addresses the Role of Oromo indigenous knowledge in disaster management and protection.Oromo indigenous knowledge in disaster management and protection is essential for the sustainable disaster management and health of the natural environment and its inhabitants. It presented Oromo indigenous knowledge in disaster management and disaster prevention. Data were obtained from primary sources from key informants through interview, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observation and analysed qualitatively. The contribution of Oromo belief system, value, norm, custom and worldview in disaster prevention and environmental management is also discussed. The Oromo people have developed detailed interactive knowledge of the heavens, of the Earth, of the weather, of the animals, of vegetation, of the water, of the soil, of crops, of insects, and of environmental and nutritional requirements, properties and peculiarities

Communities’ Local Knowledge of Flood Disaster Management in Pakistan

Disaster literature shows the trends and the events of natural disasters increasing across the world. These phenomena have linked with climate change, as a new driver of disaster risk, which increases both hazards and vulnerabilities. Pakistan has witnessed several major flood disasters affecting 40 million people since early 1970, due to its natural topography and human activities. Studies showed that the impacts of these natural disasters increase if the right information and knowledge development of local communities are not taken into account, particularly in vulnerable regions. This paper aims to find the level of community disaster knowledge in terms of disaster experience, risk perception, and readiness to determine the level of perception on disaster management in the flood-prone regions of Pakistani districts. The study assumes that the disaster preparedness and risk perceptions are interlinked because people with a high-risk perception vis-a-vis the right knowledge make adjustments to reduce risks. A semi-structure questionnaire was administered to 385 households living near flood-prone area along the River Indus in selected Pakistani districts. A multiple linear regression analysis was carried out to explore the contribution of all predictors and their influence to the prediction of disaster management. The finding revealed that the level of disaster experience and risk perception significantly predicted disaster management, however, the overall readiness of communities to manage flooding was not significant. The paper concludes that both disaster experience and risks perception knowledge have a strong relationship to disaster management. Overall readiness, however, is still not encouraging and will need to be strengthened to improve local knowledge.

Disaster Knowledge Management Analysis Framework Utilizing Agent-Based Models: Design Science Research Approach

Disaster Management (DM) knowledge has long been acknowledged as playing a significant role in reducing the impact caused by disasters. It helps people at the decision-making level to produce contextual decisions, as they are produced from the interaction of the involved social entities and their experiences and those who are on the ground to appropriately react towards the disaster. While it is seen as critical the DM activities, its adoption is still challenging due to its complex structure and availability. This paper employs the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology in Information System (IS) research to develop and validate a knowledge transfer analysis framework to unify access to semi-structured DISPLANs (Disaster Management Plans) through a unified repository. In the development, Agent-Based Models (ABMs) are used to code the DISPLANs to enable their transfer into a repository. The Meta Object Facility (MOF) Metamodeling Framework is then used to create a repository that is ready for storing the content of ABMs. This developed framework is then validated using a real case study of the flood DISPLAN of the State Emergency Service (SES) the State of Victoria, Australia. At the end, this paper contributes to: (1) a validated knowledge transfer analysis framework supporting DM resilience endeavors; (2) demonstrate the DSR methodology as a frame for IS research.

PENERAPAN KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT: ORAL HISTORY PENANGANAN ARSIP BENCANA TOPAN HAIYAN DI FILIPINA

Knowledge management process using Nonaka’s SECI model in creation of knowledge can provide guidance for learning and developing activities. Nevertheless, understanding the process of socialization, externalization, combination and internalization needs to be deepened with a lot of practice directly. This article provides a framework for real method that synthesizes basic phases as informal knowledge from an expert who has never capture and promotes knowledge before. Purpose of this article is to open earlier tacit knowledge form into process of socialization and internalization. An expert knowledge how to handling damage records by natural disaster will revealed in explicit way through capture process of oral history. Process for document damage recovery is conducted using disaster management procedure or library materials preservation knowledge. Research method for knowledge capture carried through pre-interview, interview and post-interview. Support data such as form of images, diaries, letters, agreements and others are used to reinforce methodology. Applying this method will produce two knowledge directly which are disaster management knowledge and management knowledge processes.

Enhancement of Disaster Management and First Aid Rules for Primary School Teachers in Egypt

Background: Genuine injuries have been reported at schools. Given that schools might not have any trained healthcare providers, teachers will provide first aid to students. Objective(s): To assess knowledge and skills regarding first aid and disaster management among primary school teachers, and evaluate the effectiveness of first aid and disaster management training program on knowledge and skills of those teachers. Methods: Intervention study, in the form of a training program on 43 teachers from two primary schools in Zagazig district, was performed. Evaluation was done through comparing school teachers’ first aid and disaster management knowledge and skills before and after intervention by the use of a questionnaire and an observational checklist. Results: The percent of teachers with satisfactory first aid knowledge increased from 7.0% to 46.5% while for satisfactory practice, the percent increased from 4.7% to 51.2% after intervention. For satisfactory disaster management knowledge, the percent increased from 9.3% to 58.1% while for satisfactory disaster management practice, the percent increased from 2.3% to 23.6% after intervention with a statistically significant difference. Conclusions: First-aid and disaster management training program is an effective tool for improving teachers' knowledge and practice. Recommendation: First aid and disaster management training program should be one of the pre-placement and in service training programs for primary school teachers to protect the life of children. Key Words: Disaster management, first aid, school teachers, training program

Study on the context of school-based disaster management

In recent years, the incidence and impact of natural disasters have drastically increased. Schools are responsible for not only teaching disaster management knowledge but also serving as evacuation shelters. Occurrences of disasters are highly unpredictable. If a disaster happens during school hours, schools must consider the risks that students are exposed to and respond early to such an event. Moreover, if schools can implement an all-hazards management approach by comprehensively organising practical environmental preparedness, software plans, and disaster drills, then injuries, deaths, and property damages can be effectively reduced and school resilience to disasters can successfully enhanced. Therefore, this study established an assessment framework for school disaster management involving concepts such as scenario setting, emergency thinking, and disaster psychology. School disaster management plans and the integrity and validity of disaster drills were used as the basis of evaluation. According to the existent schools in Taiwan, this study proposed indicators for five major assessment dimensions, which were environmental context, school capability, school disaster management map, related resource importation, and teaching material development and implementation. Finally, 35 schools were evaluated to verify that the proposed school disaster management indicator system can effectively distinguish and reflect the disaster management condition of each type of school. Additionally, this system can facilitate schools to regularly inspect and verify various disaster management tasks, thereby enhancing their capability in responding to disasters.

A metamodel-based knowledge sharing system for disaster management

Timely knowledge sharing in disaster management (DM) is clearly vital, but it is remains challenging. Roles involved in DM processes often cut across many organizational boundaries and are dynamic. Knowledge involved is enormous and diverse. It includes information related to varieties of disasters, roles descriptions, plans and operations. Alas, practices may also vary across different regions and authorities. This paper makes a crucial contribution to address the knowledge sharing challenge by providing a knowledge based systems approach to facilitate structuring, storing and reusing DM knowledge.The contribution of this paper is three folds: Firstly, it presents a metamodel-based architecture suitable for various distributed knowledge sharing settings; Secondly, it presents an actual implementation of such a system, the Disaster Management Knowledge Repository (DMKR1.0). DMKR facilitates collaboration and DM knowledge sharing using a tailored DM language. This offers a flexible structure to allow the storage and retrieval not only of observed and measured data, but also interpretative and inferred information of the disaster management knowledge. Thirdly, the paper provides disaster management exemplars of how DMKR users can easily instantiate DM models to communicate and to generalize their knowledge for the benefit of sharing it within their community. This presents a compelling evidence of the soundness and the effectiveness of the overall approach to DM knowledge sharing.

Developing disaster management and first aid guidelines for school teachers in Cairo Egypt

Background : Each year, schools all over the world suffer from disasters, ranging from small to large damaging disasters that affect children safety and health. Teachers play significant roles in child protection. Therefore, teachers’ training is very important for effective school disaster management. Aim: This study aims at evaluating the effectiveness of educational guidelines on school teachers’ knowledge and skills regarding disasters and first aid management of school children. Methods : Quasi-experimental design utilized for conducting the study. Purposive sample of 59 school teachers from Mostafa Kamel preparatory school and Emad Ali Kamel primary school, Cairo Egypt allocated. Data were collected through demographic data, school teachers’ first aid and disaster management knowledge, observation checklist for first aid and disaster management. Results : The study revealed that, regarding knowledge, 18.6% of teachers had satisfactory first aid knowledge pre intervention; meanwhile post intervention was 66.1%. For practice, 59.3% of them gained adequate first aid practice after implementation of program, while pre intervention only 10.2% of them had. Also 1.7% of them had satisfactory disaster management knowledge and practice pre intervention, meanwhile post intervention 61% of teachers got with statistical significant difference pre and post intervention. Positive correlation found ( p > .000) among demographic characteristics, school teachers' knowledge and practice of first aid and disaster management. Conclusions : The study concluded that a disaster management and first-aid training program for school teachers improved their knowledge and practice. Recommendation: Implementation of this program is highly recommended for all school teachers to enhance their knowledge and practice regarding disaster and first aid management. Further research needed to assess the impact of such programs on school health safety and child health.

Disaster risk management in business education entrepreneurial formation for corporate sustainability

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of business education in Disaster Risk Management (DRM). This paper aims to evaluate the awareness level of the Master in Business Administration’s (MBA) students regarding the importance disaster risk management (DRM) plays. This paper develops a literature review concerning the concept of disasters, Disaster Risk Management, Disaster Risk Reduction, and the role of MBA programs. Furthermore, a survey at Universidad EAFIT (Medellin, Colombia) was designed and implemented as primary source information with the purpose of showing the DRM awareness level of MBA’s students. Finally, a case study connecting DRM with entrepreneurship formation is described.This paper identified a limited formal education in DRM Latin American MBA programs, and specifically at Universidad EAFIT. Additionally, a lack of awareness in MBA’s students about the importance of DRM was identified. In this sense, the paper proposes a DRM education model that uses a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and entrepreneurial formation in business education. This study aims to show the importance of the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management knowledge as part of the courses in: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Sustainability, and Entrepreneurship content in Masters in Business Administration (MBA) programs.

Decentralization and small cities: Towards more effective urban disaster governance?

Decentralization, the devolution of fiscal, political, and administrative powers and responsibilities from centralized governments to local ones, has spread rapidly throughout Asia. Proponents of decentralization argue that it has the potential to improve local capacity for governing many challenging issues, including the management of hazards, disasters, and the effects of global climate change. Disaster governance is particularly challenging in small cities, communities that house a large portion of Asia's urban population but where disaster management institutions, knowledge, and capacity are often lacking. Across Asia, a substantial portion of urban growth is occurring in small cities. This paper examines whether decentralization has led to more effective disaster governance in small cities in India, using the state of West Bengal as a case study. It finds that decentralization has created the potential for improved disaster governance, by providing constitutional and legal authority for improved urban governance and local disaster management plans and programs. In reality, however, decentralization has yet to significantly reduce urban disaster risk in small cities in West Bengal.

Perceptions of knowledge of disaster management among military and civilian nurses in Saudi Arabia.

It is generally accepted that nurses have insufficient knowledge about disaster preparedness due to a lack of acceptance of core competencies and the absence of disaster preparedness in nursing curricula. This study explored nurses' knowledge and sources of knowledge, and skills as they relate to disaster management in Saudi Arabia, where more than 4660 people have died, 32,000 people have been affected, and US$4.65 billion in damage has been caused by disaster since 1980. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive research design. Nurses in Saudi Arabia have moderate knowledge concerning disaster preparedness. However, nurses in military hospitals possess more knowledge than those who work in government hospitals. The majority of nurses gained their knowledge and skills from disaster drills. Nurses need more education in all areas of disaster management, most importantly in their roles during response to disasters. Nurses perceive themselves as not well-prepared but they are willing to improve their skills in disaster preparedness if educational opportunities are provided.

Effect of Educational Program on Nurses` Knowledge and Awareness of Internal Disaster Management

AbstractEffective disaster management requires an adequate supply of qualified and competent staff. This can be achieved through appropriate training and education of the healthcare workers in order to impart the necessary competencies required for responding to disasters. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational program on nurses` knowledge and awareness of internal disaster management. The study was conducted at Al Mabara of Tanta city. That was brought staff nurses from different hospitals at Al Ghrebia Governate using a quasi-experimental design. Sample of the study included 36 staff nurse. Two tools were used, knowledge questionnaire sheet for assessing subjects` knowledge about internal disaster management and, attributes of hospital disaster management questionnaire for assessing their awareness. The results showed a statistical significant improvement (P ≤0.05) was found in nurses' level of knowledge and awareness about internal disaster management on post program. Pre program, majority did not know the content of the hospital disaster management plan, also, minor percent of nurses had good knowledge grades on hospital disaster plan, internal disaster's types, causes, dimensions and phases, concepts, this percent was improved post program. Regarding their awareness, more than half was aware that planning and information, and more than one third not aware that the team work and leadership skills have a role in disaster management this awareness was changed post program. It concluded that pre program nurses' knowledge and awareness about internal disasters and related disaster management plan was generally poor and it significantly improved post program. Therefore, it is recommended that periodical testing of nurses` knowledge and performance of disaster management plan is essential to identify their training needs. Conducting of simulation exercises should be done regularly, with full participation of all hospital staff in order to be ready for managing any internal disasters

Protecting documents against disasters and theft : the challenge before the public libraries in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

All forms of documentary materials are prone to disasters and theft. Security and disaster management are keys to the protection of library materials from theft and risks. However, librarians often overlook disaster preparedness and security control yet they are fundamental aspects of preservation management as they make it possible for people to have access to library materials, and to respond to and recover from disasters. A cross-sectional survey carried out between December 2005 and February 2006 in public libraries of KwaZulu-Natal revealed that the libraries were not adequately prepared for protecting documents against disasters and theft. Furthermore, most of the public libraries did not have disaster plans, adequate procedures for disaster response and recovery, satisfactory theft management strategies and sufficient staff with disaster management knowledge and skills.

Different Ways of Knowing How to Coexist with Fire

Geographers are well placed to make valuable contributions to how we understand and live with fire. Knowledge production is upheld as providing the answer to the riddle of our coexistence with such perils, and yet it is marred by uncertainties, paradox and reversal. Such matters are discussed here in relation to the different ways of knowing and learning how we might coexist with fire. Concepts of bushfire risk, threat and tolerance, which are much used here, evince a slipperiness with recent histories of recalibration and nomenclatural additions. They are also deeply imbricated in the dynamic relationships linking society and environment and their messy entanglements, which are well appreciated by geographers. Likewise, the clarification of any disaster typology as definitive comes at a cost. Consider, for example, how events are often framed as ‘natural’ phenomena unfolding from ‘pre-’ to ‘postdisaster’ or reduced to precisely calculable, even if varyingly improbable, occurrences (Williams, 2008; 2012; Williams and Jacobs, 2010). Against desires for prediction and control, notions of normalcy in the world (and our knowledge of it) are necessarily now being abandoned in efforts to manage increasingly excessive disasters (Williams, 2008). Our onto-epistemological edifices are being shaken to their very foundations. This disaster is not all bad though, because we too must respond and can do so by building back better using the latest (and some not-so-new) materials and technologies. Fire research is dominated by the science of quantitative methods and modelling; data are used in audits, reviews, commissions and inquiries, and hard evidence-based policy is now very much in vogue. It is remarkable then that the centrality of myth and iconography to Australians’ relationships with bushfire has become so apparent in the responses to such recent events as the 2009 Victorian bushfires. The environmental historian Tom Griffiths (2009; 2012), for example, notes the importance of remembering, storytelling and meaning-making through art as key to Australians’ coexistence with bushfires. Old ways of knowing and living in the landscape are being lost, he suggests, but they might also be recuperated. It is through the powerful representations of individuals and communities variously hurting, surviving and flourishing (produced often in alternative, nonscientific media alongside more formal persuasion) that innovative new programmes and projects arise. We academics would do well to probe and push further what constitutes data or knowledge in climate change science, disaster management and policy development. Learning to coexist with fire requires experiential insights and embodied practices as much as any purely intellectual pursuit (Eriksen, 2014). The viscerality of affect is also significant in knowledge communication. The graphic image of Tammy Holmes and her five grandchildren sheltering in water beneath a jetty during the Tasmanian bushfires of January 2013 is exemplary. That image and accompanying text, with its depiction of humans revealed as frail creatures caught under a menacing red sky, went viral and rapidly drew international attention to the small fire-afflicted community of Dunalley. The Discussant paper contributed to ‘Coexisting with Fire’ session at IAG, Perth, 2013, prepared for Geographical Review special issue bs_bs_banner

UPAYA REHABILITASI DAN REKONSTRUKSI WILAYAH PASCA BENCANA ERUPSI GUNUNG MERAPI DI KECAMATAN KEMALANG KABUPATEN KLATEN PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

Disaster management is a systematic and comprehensive effort to overcome all disasters quickly, precisely and accurately to reduce casualties and losses impacted. The study in the authors proposed is about rehabilitation and reconstruction in disaster management. Rehabilitation is ratification and recovery in all public service aspects or society to an adequate level in post-disaster areas by primary for normalization or walks fairly all government aspects and society in post-disaster areas.Reconstruction is rebuilding in all the infrastructures and facilities, the institutions in post-disaster areas, either at the government or society level by growth main target and economic activities, social, cultural, law enforcement development and the primary order, and also the rising of community participation all social life aspects in post-disaster areas.This study is motivated by the Merapi eruption in 2010 which resulted in many losses and damages in around Merapi area, losses and damages that required priority handling and robust reconstructing.This research is descriptive by using qualitative research methods, intended to analyze disaster management practice in the rehabilitation and reconstruction of infrastructural, economical, housing, and social sectors. The author conducted research in Kemalang, Klaten. Based on the author's research, the disaster management of rehabilitation and reconstruction needed priority treatment and disaster management knowledge to minimize damaging and losing after Merapi eruption. Rehabilitation and reconstruction activities required careful planning so that all victims will handle properly.