Disaster Emergency Research Articles

Surgeons' Roles and Responsibilities in Disaster and Public Health Emergency Management-A Transition from Multitasking Surgeons to a Collaborative Surgical Approach.

Surgeons have historically played critical roles in disaster management, particularly as military and trauma specialists. However, the role of surgeons in disasters has changed over time, with advancements in medical knowledge and disaster response capabilities. Recent public health emergencies and global events have signaled a paradigm shift, emphasizing the necessity of cross-disciplinary, transdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary approaches. This shift calls for revisiting and reevaluating surgeons' roles and responsibilities. In this narrative review, the literature concerning the roles and responsibilities of surgeons during disasters and public health emergencies was systematically searched and mapped. This streamlined process aimed to gather high-quality information typically found in a systematic review but within a shorter timeframe. The goal was to expedite the discovery of insights that could inform policy decisions or address urgent matters related to the study's topic. Furthermore, action research was performed to strengthen the paper's methodology, capture essential literature, and avoid missing important data. The results indicate a change in surgical specialty and a shift in the paradigm from multitasking surgeons to a multidisciplinary approach in surgical disaster management. Current educational initiatives are insufficient, and training opportunities are lacking, indicating the need for novel educational initiatives, simulation training, a collaborative surgical approach, and a reevaluation of the current curriculum. The study outcomes aim to guide future policy development and facilitate the creation of practical guidelines for disaster and public health emergency planners at local, regional, national, and international levels. Surgeons' future roles in disaster and public health emergency management will be characterized by innovation, collaboration, and a commitment to improving outcomes for affected populations, addressing the unique challenges of disasters, and strengthening healthcare systems globally.

Teorija i praksa prevencije od poplava - studija slučaja teritorije grada Kraljeva

Increasingly frequent floods, caused by altered climatic conditions, result significant material damage and loss of human life. The floods of May 2014 were the largest recorded in Serbia, affecting the territory of the city of Kraljevo, particularly the settlement of Grdica and the industrial zone of Šeovac. The damages from the floods impacted residential buildings, infrastructure, agriculture, business entities, and public facilities. Similar flood events, in terms of precipitation volumes and river water levels, also affected the Kraljevo area in 2023. Due to the frequent natural disasters impacting various parts of the territory, along with the extensive network of watercourses and intense climate changes, the city of Kraljevo has adopted an integrated approach to disaster risk reduction. The flood risk reduction system is governed by several legal regulations, primarily the Water Law and the Law on Disaster Risk Reduction and Emergency Management. In compliance with these legal obligations, the city has adopted necessary planning documents, established institutional mechanisms, and properly equipped civil protection units. Additionally, continuous investments have been made in constructing new and reconstructing the existing infrastructure. A significant advancement in the city's risk reduction system is the establishment of a civil protection system and inter-municipal cooperation among cities and municipalities in the West Morava River basin. It is important to measure the impact of investments in flood prevention to assess the justification and effectiveness of the resources used. The activities and measures implemented to reduce flood risk from 2014 to 2023 have shown positive results. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the effects of preventive activities and investments in the disaster risk reduction and emergency management system in the Kraljevo area during the specified period. The concluding considerations indicate that preventive investments in the flood risk reduction system and the construction of resilient and necessary protective infrastructure, lead to reduced damages and losses from floods.

Automated Monitoring and Emergency Response System for Sensitive Areas Along High-Speed Railway Lines

The safety of high-speed railroads is an important indicator of travelers’ trust, and it is also an important factor in determining whether or not the operation volume can reach the expected goal. Therefore, high-speed railroad companies in Europe, the United States, and Japan have invested heavily in establishing safety monitoring systems in order to avoid the occurrence of disasters and to strengthen the mechanism of crisis response and emergency treatment. High-speed railroad operation may occur in a variety of accidents, different disaster warning, emergency response and rescue, need to have different equipment, contingency measures, and well-trained personnel to deal with. Therefore, the safety standards for high-speed rail systems in advanced countries around the world are much higher than those for traditional train systems. The theories and technologies of disaster prevention and relief have matured both at home and abroad. This study combines the theories and technologies of disaster prevention with GIS, such as monitoring instruments, satellite positioning, remote sensing detection, radio transmission, the Internet, database management, and information management, to provide effective support for decision-making and analysis of commanders, to rapidly assist in crisis management, and to strengthen the mechanism of emergency response.

Kajian Yuridis atas Ketentuan Darurat Bencana dalam Konstitusi Sebagai Jaminan Hak Asasi Manusia Korban Bencana

Indonesia faces a high risk of disasters, which require community involvement and participation in disaster management. The state cannot handle disasters without the community's help, and the research aims to examine the disaster emergency provisions in the 1945 Constitution to guarantee the human rights of disaster victims. This normative legal research found that emergency provisions are regulated in Article 12 and Article 22, granting the President emergency power. However, the 1945 Constitution does not specifically focus on the rights of communities affected by disasters or regulate the principles the government or president must adhere to in limiting or reducing constitutional rights during a disaster. Therefore, it is necessary to amend articles to include provisions that focus on the rights of people affected by disasters and the terms and conditions for limiting or reducing constitutional rights of citizens.

“Analysis of School Infrastructure Potential as Temporary Evacuation Centers During Emergency Disaster Conditions in Palu and Surrounding Areas”

The earthquake that occurred in Central Sulawesi province on September 28, 2018, devastated parts of Palu City, Sigi Regency, and Donggala Regency. The earthquake and tsunami caused damage to various facilities and infrastructure, resulting in a significant number of casualties. To minimize the risk of casualties during disasters, a rescue strategy is needed, one of which is providing evacuation centers in disaster-prone areas. Therefore, it is necessary to identify which areas can be proposed as temporary evacuation sites during disasters. This research aims to assess the benefits of school infrastructure by examining the suitability of school infrastructure when utilized as temporary evacuation centers. The recommended locations consider the availability of toilets, classrooms, schoolyard area, and service radius. The weighting criteria use Spatial Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (SMCDA) with the Weighted Overlay method. The analysis is carried out using ArcGIS Pro software, and the weighting of each criterion/layer uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, considering the criteria of classroom availability, schoolyard area, and service radius. The results of this study indicate that of the 72 schools reviewed, there are 24 schools with a high level of conformity, 19 schools with a moderate level of conformity and 29 schools with a low level of conformity.

An empirical study on construction emergency disaster management and risk assessment in shield tunnel construction project with big data analysis

An empirical study on construction emergency disaster management and risk assessment in shield tunnel construction project with big data analysis

InSAR time series analysis of natural and anthropogenic coastal plain subsidence: A case of Hangjiahu plain

The early excessive groundwater exploitation caused extensive land subsidence in the Hangjiahu Plain (HJHP), threatening geological stability and infrastructure. Government restrictions on groundwater exploitation led to considerable changes in surface subsidence. To explore the distribution and causes of surface deformation after restrictions on groundwater exploitation, we used 46 Sentinel-1A TOPS images to detect the spatiotemporal distribution of surface deformation in the HJHP area from January 2019 to October 2022 by SBAS-InSAR technique and verified it with leveling results. Results indicated the following: (1) The uneven surface subsidence in the HJHP was relatively apparent, with the localized subsidence concentrated in a few areas. During InSAR monitoring, the maximum subsidence velocity reached −21.0 mm/yr. The most severe subsidence area was in the Shengze town industrial park, with remarkable subsidence bowls and a maximum subsidence of −85.8 mm. (2) Results were verified by comparing the InSAR results with leveling, and the results were in good agreement, indicating the reliability of the InSAR results. (3) Comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of surface subsidence, geological data and rainfall changes revealed that fault activity and rainfall changes had varying degrees of effect on surface subsidence in the HJHP area. (4) The comparison with land use data indicated that the built area was the dominant mechanism of surface subsidence in the study area. In addition, the effect of industrial activities on the surface cannot be ignored. The study results provide scientific data support for emergency disaster prevention work in the HJHP.

A review of resilience in urban form for natural disaster-prone areas

Considering resilience within the components of urban form can aid in the planning of disaster-prone cities and enable them to become more resilient. Although prior research has explored resilience and urban form, the aspects of urban form that can enhance natural disaster resilience remain relatively underexplored. Thus, this study aims to identify these aspects and explore research opportunities in the development of resilience concepts in urban form that have been previously studied by researchers. This study employs the systematic review method, which includes bibliometric analysis and a full-text review of the identified literature. The results show that plots, open spaces, buildings, and streets are the main variables in developing a resilient urban form. Additionally, the street network within the urban form is emphasized in emergency disaster planning. Most current research describes resilience in terms of the ability to withstand and adapt by restoring and operating systems as they were before the disaster occurred. Recommendations for future research include focusing on long-term resilience in urban form by implementing new operational methods in cities to achieve transformative adaptation. Another opportunity is to conduct research in locations with unique characteristics in developing countries, especially areas that have previously experienced significant natural disasters. This study contributes to the understanding of how urban form can be enhanced for resilience through the planning of its components.

An empirical study on construction emergency disaster management and risk assessment in shield tunnel construction project with big data analysis

An empirical study on construction emergency disaster management and risk assessment in shield tunnel construction project with big data analysis

Perempuan dalam Penanggulangan Bencana: Peran Perempuan dalam Peningkatan Kesiapsiagaan Melalui Table Top Exercise (TTX)

One of the principles of disaster management in Law Number 24 of 2007 concerning Disaster Management is non-discrimination, towards gender, ethnicity, religion, race and any political sect. This principle applies at every stage of disaster management, both pre-, emergency and post-disaster. In its development, the role of disaster management cannot be generalized to just one group. Gender mainstreaming is one of the strategies adopted so that the principle of non-discrimination can work well. Efforts to apply these principles are carried out in Tabletop Exercise (TTX) preparedness training activities which are carried out for socialization, to provide an understanding of policies, procedures, plans that have been prepared, will be prepared or need to be prepared. It is hoped that the role of women in TTX can provide a more specific perspective regarding the needs and roles that can be filled by women in disaster management. Although the number of female personnel involved in TTX is limited, if they hold key positions they can provide significant results in the implementation of TTX.

Urban multipoint fire disaster emergency simulation based on web information

Simulations can aid in decision making in large-scale emergency response problems limited by insufficient a priori experience. Scenario setting for emergency simulations usually requires complex spatial information, and such issues can lead to a large simulation workload and poor repeatability. Therefore, this study uses a web mapping API to obtain emergency resources and traffic network information and establishes an urban multipoint fire emergency simulation system (UMFESS) for the case of multipoint fire rescue. UMFESS performs traffic network modeling by obtaining real traffic data on a navigation platform, and Arena software is utilized to simulate the process of data collection, information transmission, and department response. The displayed simulation results for firefighting, first aid, transfer and placement can provide the basis for government emergency management. Then, typical cases of single fire and multipoint fires in Beijing are used to verify and validate UMFESS. The simulation results show that the route time and updated information have significant effects on emergency efficiency in the case of concurrent fires with limited resources. Emergency managers should focus on the fairness and stability of resource allocation.

PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA AIR TERPADU BERBASIS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) DI KABUPATEN MUSI RAWAS UTARA

North Musi Rawas Regency is a new district that has a wealth of natural resources, one of which is water resources. However, the use of water resources is not maximized and not properly inventoried, especially in disaster activities such as floods and forest fires. This is because the condition of the area is difficult to reach, making it difficult for local governments to map the situation and potential of water resources. The increasing development of science and technology requires local governments to have special data collection systems for natural disaster situations and water resources, especially those that can be accessed by the public. The aim of this research is to identify natural disaster situations and water resource potential based on field data taken and provide information regarding natural disaster data (floods and forest fires) and water resource potential that can be accessed by the government and the public. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide a general overview of information regarding natural disaster situations and water resource potential in North Musi Rawas Regency so that it can become a work reference and decision/policy making for the Government/relevant agencies in disaster emergency response preparedness efforts and the development of sustainable water resource potential development. . The research location is North Musi Rawas Regency. The research method is a field survey. The survey carried out was to collect data and coordinate points for floods and forest fires as well as potential water resources. Next, hydrological system identification and data inventory will be carried out. Then the data was analyzed using a GIS application. The map contains information on disaster point data (floods and forest fires), water facilities and infrastructure as well as water resource potential as part of public information.

Analysis of the Relationship between Nutritional Behavior in Emergency Conditions and the Nutritional Status of Toddlers: The Case of the Semeru Eruption in Lumajang Regency

Toddlers are a group that is classified as vulnerable in disaster emergencies. One of the areas running a nutrition emergency program is Lumajang Regency, which also has a prevalence of severely wasted reaching 6.9%. A factor that indirectly influences the nutritional status of toddlers is the mother's nutritional fulfillment behavior. This can apply especially in disaster situations that cause local food limitations. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between nutritional behavior in emergency conditions and the nutritional status of toddlers. This research is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out by filling out questionnaires for 44 parents of toddlers and measuring the nutritional status of 44 toddlers. Data analysis was carried out by giving a score on the questionnaire and calculating the z-score on the anthropometric data. The Sommers'd test was carried out to analyze the relationship between nutritional behavior and nutritional status. This research found there was no relationship between the mother’s nutritional behavior (including participation, reactions, knowledge, attitudes, skills, and behavior) and the nutritional status of toddlers (p>0.05). This can be caused by food availability factors which directly influence the nutritional status of toddlers.

Inter-Institutional Communication Model for Online Learning for Elementary School Students

This study seeks to understand various communication events in the learning process holistically. The communication events in this paper include communication from the interpersonal level, computer-mediated communication, to organizational communication. This study explains the communication process from the human aspect (non-technical) and human relations with learning media technology (technical). This study seeks to answer how daily communication and communication media technology is vital in implementing online education for elementary school students. This study aims to offer an inter-institutional communication model that can be used to provide online education for students in elementary schools during disaster emergencies such as the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a focus group discussion (FGD) methodology with data collection techniques in interviews, field observations, and literature studies. This study uses data analysis in three-stage coding: open, axial, and selective. The subjects in this study were providers of elementary school (Sekolah Dasar) in Subdistrict (Kelurahan) Teluk Pucung, Kota Bekasi. This study finds that there is a need for intensification of communication from the daily level involving local stakeholders to resolve non-technical problems. The government needs to improve the communication media technology infrastructure and innovation in learning media technology for students who take online learning at the elementary level.

Spiral model development of retrofitted robot for tele-operation of conventional hydraulic excavator

This paper describes the effect of applying spiral model to the development process of robot system for a new entrant company. The robot system was developed to remotely control a conventional hydraulic excavator in order to improve the safety of operators in disaster emergency restoration. The issues of development are the definition of requirements and integration for a practical system in a real environment by a new entrant company. The constraints to the new entry of smaller companies are the following three points. (1) Lack of industry knowledge and data to define requirements (2) Lack of on-site environment and machinery for investigation and testing (3) Lack of experience in robot development To solve the problems under these constraints, the spiral model divides the development based on the prototype into 4-steps, and repeats this series of processes. This method was applied to clarify the necessary functions and performance of the robot step by step, and to construct a system with robustness in a real environment. As a result, this robot system has been successfully utilized in emergency disaster recovery tasks due to landslides, and removing debris in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, reducing the mental and physical burden on the operators.

INVESTIGATIONS ON INSAR DATA PROCESSING STANDARD FOR VOLCANO ISLAND MONITORING IN INDONESIA

Abstract. In critical situations such as disaster and humanitarian relief, the reliable geospatial data will present an appropriate decision on a timely manner. As fundamental datasets, large-scale topographic maps are are mandatory in order to perform geospatial analysis for many societal challenges. Indeed, Large Scale Topographic Mapping in Indonesia shall be accelerated in an innovative and productive way to consider the production efficiency, especially for the geospatial data acquisition as its primary source. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data acquisition presents some advantages, especially in conjunction with the security clearance and global weather as some main constraints for the geospatial data acquisition. In terms of disaster preparedness and emergency response, radar interferometry techniques can play an important role by generating a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) as an input to Decision Support Systems (DSS). In addition, the techniques of differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (D-InSAR) can provide the earth surface deformation from time series Radar Datasets. A set of standards related to the InSAR data acquisition are essential, especially with regards to the improved sensors, and processing methods implemented by the worldwide space agencies nowadays. Hence, the precise definition of a standard is fundamental in order to prepare the InSAR data as one potential source of geospatial data and information, especially for LSTM data production. Generated time series of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) can identify the potential cause of 2018’s Sunda Strait tsunami (Tampubolon, 2019). It was related with the increasing eruption activity of Anak Krakatau (Child of Krakatoa). From DEM analysis, the Volcanic mudflow material avalanche has been detected before the tsunami hit the coastal surrounding area. In this paper, more advanced techniques was investigated by the combination between Time Series DEM Analysis and Ground Displacement detection. The focus on the integration between reliable TanDEM-X and up-to-date Sentinel 1A/B was proposed on another volcano island of Gamalama in Ternate. As TanDEM-X uses X-band as its medium wave, it can produce more reliable DEM as a reference data. On the other hand, Sentinel 1 uses C-band that can contribute to detect the ground deformation over the aforementioned volcano island. TanDEM-X uses a more robust and consistent approach to scan the earth surface by single data acquisition scheme, which is generally more accurate and reliable for the DEM generation. However, many factors influence the selection of a platform that can be best suited for radar interferometry. Initially, the German TanDEM-X Coregistered Singlelook Slant-range Complex (CoSSC) using bi-static InSAR approach has been implemented in order to generate DEMs comply with the LSTM specification in Indonesia. The basic principle is performing a simultaneous measurement of the same scene and identical doppler spectrum by using 2 sensors, thereby avoiding temporal decorrelation (DLR, 2012). Subsequently, the differential InSAR techniques by using Sentinel 1A/B has been performed in order to detect the ground deformation. Finally, tt can be shown that the reliable TanDEM-X data has increased the ground deformation resolution and accuracy in order to provide potential solution for disaster preparedness.

Influence Of M&E Training On Sustainability Of Disaster Emergency Preparedness Program In Uasin Gishu County

Influence Of M&E Training On Sustainability Of Disaster Emergency Preparedness Program In Uasin Gishu County

The Influence of Disaster Emergency Education on Stunami Disaster Preparedness

Pengaruh pendidikan gawat darurat terhadap kesiapsiagaan santri merupakan aspek penting dalam penyelamatan korban bencana alam. Pendidikan gawat darurat bencana adalah pemberian pelayanan dengan cepat dan tepat diberikan dalam sitauasi mengancam jiwa untuk menyelamatkan nyawa korbam.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan gawat darurat bencana terhadap kesiapsiagaan santri bencana stunami. Desain penelitian Quasy eksperiment one group before and after design. Hasil penelitian menunjukan sebelum diberikan pendidikan tanggap darurat rata-rata 41.6 artinya belum siap siaga menghadapi bencana stunami, sesudah diberikan pendidikan tanggap darurat rata-rata 82,9 artinya sangat siap siaga menghadapi bencana stunami. Uji wilcoxon didapatkan nilai p value 0.000 < 0.05.Dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pendidikan gawat darurat terhadap kesiapsiagaan stunami pada santri Pondok Pesantren Miftahusa’adah kecamatan Cibaliung Pandeglang Banten. Pendidikan gawat darurat merupakan upaya dalam meningkatkan kesiapsigaan dalam menghadapi bencana.

Exploring the role of social determinants in the risk reduction of landslide-prone settlements: a case study of Giripurno Village in Central Java, Indonesia

BackgroundThe world population is still growing. The growing population caused a changes in the trend of selecting settlements location. Due to the limited flat land, people were starting to form settlements in a hilly or mountainous area which is prone to landslide. The community used to move from place to place to avoid landslides, however, it is no longer possible to implement those actions. While a lot of research has been conducted to assess the vulnerability and risk of settlements to disasters, there needs to be more research on developing settlements in landslide-prone area and their impact on disaster management.ResultsHigh social influences can be found in the development of landslide-prone settlements of Giripurno Village. The community shows a high consideration on relatives in deciding their settlement location. Moreover, high consideration of kinship and social activity affects the arrangement of spaces in the house and directly affects the amount of space occupancy. Layout of houses in Giripurno Village were found to have large living room to accommodate family and community gatherings. Although high social dependences of one community can be beneficial in the disaster emergency response and recovery, it can also hinder the disaster mitigation effors by allowing development in an unsafe area, thus increase the risk of disasters.ConclusionThis paper discuss about how the social factors can relate to the disaster management with an emphasis on the development of settlements. This paper also highlight the aspects of space occupancy which is rarely being discussed in the disaster management related research. The result obtained by this study could provide important insight into the future disaster management in the landslide-prone settlements area.

Daya terima dan kandungan gizi formulasi biskuit IBBU sebagai pangan darurat bencana pereda stres ibu hamil

Background: Disasters can cause emergencies that have the potential to impact food and nutrition crises, especially in the first five days (first phase of emergency response); therefore, assistance is needed in the form of providing food immediately. Pregnant women are vulnerable groups that can become victims of disasters. Insufficient intake by pregnant women during a disaster can lead to a potential incidence of infection, stunting, and malnutrition in infants. Additionally, disaster conditions can cause pregnant women to experience stress.Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the formulation of disaster emergency food biscuits in an effort to relieve stress in pregnant women victims of disasters.Methods: This type of research was purely experimental on the biscuit formula and had a completely randomized design with five formulas. The nutritional content was calculated using DKBM. The acceptability test at the organoleptic stage was quasi-experimental. The organoleptic quality tested on 3 limited panelists and 25 somewhat trained panelists was analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test (α ≤ 0,05). Results: The results showed that the formula with the best acceptability was F1 (purple sweet potato flour 30 g; skim milk powder 10 g; soy protein isolate 5 g; nutmeg powder 7 g) with total energy per serving 247,4 kcal, which fulfills 11% of the energy needs of pregnant women. Giving 7 grams of nutmeg powder can potentially relieve stress in pregnant women if consumed one serving per day for 15 days.Conclusion: An increasing number of substitutions resulted in lower acceptability and higher energy, protein, and fiber contents in biscuits. In addition, biscuits are produced with high nutritional content and can relieve stress. The formula with the best acceptability was obtained using F1 (7,5% purple sweet potato flour, 2,5% skim milk powder, 1,3% soy protein isolate, and 1,8% nutmeg) and had the potential to relieve the stress of pregnant female victims of the disaster.