Disassembly Cell Research Articles

The role of semi-automatized disassembly in recycling

Fully or semi-automatized disassembly will gain importance in the nearest future especially for electr(on)ic waste. Concerning the recycling logistic - a new concept for this purpose based on “disassembly families” is presented in this paper. Selection and the use of the equipment in a automatized disassembling cell as well as the strategies and the types of organization have to be taken under consideration. This paper deals with a computer aided planning system for semi-automated design of a cell layout. Using this tool allows planning and layouting of a robotized disassembly cell with saving of time and cost for planning.

Flexible robot-based disassembly cell for obsolete TV-sets and monitors

Disassembly is a developing field of application for automated components for processing electronic waste. The reasons behind its rapid development are changing legislation in favor of environmental protection because of a globally increasing amount of obsolete electronic products and growing public awareness of environmental problems. A prototype of a flexible robot based disassembly cell for obsolete TV-sets and monitors has been developed at PRIELOG Logistik GmbH and is currently being adapted to the demands of industry. Main parts of this system are a disassembly robot, a handling robot, an intelligent vision system as well as software for highly flexible online planning and control of the disassembly process. A detailed description of the disassembly cell and first results of industrial adaptation are introduced in this work. The results lead to optimized reactive planning algorithms as well as improved sensor systems and the usage of universal and flexible disassembly tools and fixtures.

Intelligent disassembly of electronic equipment

Fully or semi-automatized disassembly will gain importance in the nearest future especially for electr(on)ic waste. Concerning the recycling logistic — a new concept for this purpose based on “disassembly families” as well as a flexible, modular, intelligent disassembly cell is presented in this paper.

Modulation of tubulin polypeptide ratios by the yeast protein Pac10p.

Normal assembly and function of microtubules require maintenance of the proper levels of several proteins, including the tubulin polypeptides themselves. For example, in yeast a significant excess of beta-tubulin causes rapid microtubule disassembly and subsequent cell death. Even the modest excess of beta-tubulin produced by genetic alterations such as deletion of the minor alpha-tubulin gene TUB3 affects cell growth and can confer microtubule phenotypes. We show here that the levels of the yeast protein Pac10p affect the relative levels of the tubulin polypeptides. Cells deleted for PAC10 have the same phenotypes as do cells that express reduced levels of alpha-tubulin or Rbl2p, two proteins that bind beta-tubulin. Conversely, overexpression of Pac10p enhances the ability of alpha-tubulin or Rbl2p to suppress the lethality associated with excess beta-tubulin. However, Pac10p is itself not a beta-tubulin binding protein. Pac10 null cells show a 30% decrease in the ratio of alpha-tubulin to beta-tubulin. The results suggest that Pac10p modulates the level of alpha-tubulin in the cell, and so influences microtubule morphogenesis and tubulin metabolism.

Intelligent Disassembly of Electronic Equipment

Fully or semi-automatized disassembly will gain importance in the nearest future especially for electr(on)ic waste. Concerning the recycling logistic - a new concept for this purpose based on "disassembly families" as well as a flexible, modular, intelligent disassembly cell is presented in this paper.

Interactive Decision Support System Specification for a Semi-Automated Disassembly cell

Nowadays, engineering technologies have to integrate recycling processes for satisfying economical, ecological and legislative constraints. In most cases, disassembly is considered to be the first step in recycling processes. This paper deals with the case of a semi-automated disassembly cell which extracts parts from complex products. The supervision of such a production unit combines different qualifications or supports to consider disturbances such as break down or incomplete product knowledge. An interactive decision support system is essential to manage cooperation between maintenance management and disassembly process in order to increase its flexibility, reactivity, dependability and maintainability.

Design and Implementation of Man-Machine Interface for a Disassembling Cell

After decades of production, Manufactured Systems will be very soon obliged to integrate a new functionality: Recycling of their products. Disassembling is a recycling procedure which is well suited for current economical, legislative and ecological conditions. Nevertheless, the total automation of such processes is seldom conceivable and requires the presence of a Human Operator. This paper presents a short synthesis on the Man-Machine cooperations and ergonomics as well as the basic recommendations in order to define an interface for the Decision Support System of the Disassembly Cell. This work briefly describes the interface, its On-Line control and the implementation on a Robot Cell

A New Method for the Assessment of Products for Automated Disassembling

Disassembling which is the starting point of all recycling processes, will be a rising branch in industry where automation will be absolutely necessary. For disassembling products with low cost intelligent manufacturing systems the assessment concerning the possibility of automated disassembling is already important at the very first beginning during its development. Consequently a method for the assessment of the design of a product, the Autodemograph, has been developed. This data structure displays important information for the layout of a disassembly cell. To further assess the design different comparative values which show clearly the efficiency can be calculated. The assessment according to this method will be described accurately.

A conserved, precise RNA encapsidation pattern in Tobamovirus particles.

The bidirectional RNA encapsidation pathway in nine sequenced Type 1 Tobamovirus genomes will result in RNA-coat protein assembly, up to and including the first transcribed G, adjacent to the 5'-cap structure (m7 Gppp). This precision is highly conserved, despite wide interstrain variations in the absolute position of the phase-determining core of the origin-of-assembly sequence (Gxx)n and in overall genome length (6311-6507 nts). A Type 2 Tobamovirus genome did not comply with this pattern. All genomes had a statistically significant bias for G at every third (or 3n) position, resulting in a preponderance of GNN codons and hence a high Val, Ala, Gly, Asp, Glu content, at least in the large (126/183 kDa) and amino-coterminal replicase protein genes. Contrary to predictions from the X-ray fibre diffraction structure of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, U1 strain), only one (pepper mild mottle virus) of the nine Type 1 Tobamoviruses positioned the preferred G-repeat in the most favourable (5') position of the trinucleotide binding site on each coat protein (CP) subunit. In all but one of the eight remaining Type 1 Tobamovirus genomes, G would predominate in the CP 3'-site. The significance of these observations for TMV particle assembly, disassembly and host cell interactions are discussed.