Disadvantageous Situation Research Articles

How to Retain Rural Preschool Teachers?

As a result of the accelerated urbanization and the improved remunerations of urban teachers, a large number of rural teachers have been pursuing employment in urban areas, resulting in a severe shortage of rural teaching staff. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced in developing countries. Disadvantages in rural school working and living situations such as low pay, poor living conditions, heavy workloads, limited professional development has made teacher recruitment and retention extremely challenging tasks. The unbalanced urban-rural distribution of teachers, especially high-quality teachers, have become barriers to rural education development and further exacerbated the disadvantaged situations of rural students.

The Preventive Child and Youth Healthcare Service in the Netherlands: The State of the Art and Challenges Ahead

The Netherlands has a unique system for promoting child and youth health, known as the preventive Child and Youth Healthcare service (CYH). The CYH makes an important contribution to the development and health of children and young people by offering (anticipatory) information, immunisation, and screening, identifying care needs and providing preventive support to children and their families from birth up to the age of 18 years. The CYH is offered free of charge and offers basic preventive care to all children and special preventive care to children who grow up in disadvantaged situations, such as children growing up in poverty or in a family where one of the members has a chronic health condition. Basic care is supported by 35 evidence-based guidelines and validated screening tools. Special care is supported by effective interventions. The impact of the CYH is high. It is estimated that every EUR 1 spent on the CYH provides EUR 11 back. Although the Dutch CYH is a solid public health system with a reach of up to 95% among young children, the access to this service could be further improved by paying more attention to health literacy, making special care available to all children in need and improving transmural and integrated care coordination. In addition, the generation of nationwide data could help to demonstrate the impact of the CYH and will direct and prioritise the necessary care. By continuously developing care on the basis of new (scientific) insights and (societal) issues, the CYH will continue to offer all children in the Netherlands the best preventive healthcare.

Children's health insurance coverage and adequacy from 2016 to 2018: Racial/ethnic disparities under the ACA.

Background:This study advances health disparities research by documenting the racial/ethnic disparities in children’s health insurance coverage and health insurance adequacy under the implementation and revisions of the Affordable Care Act between 2016 and 2018 in America.Design and methods:Combining the nation-wide repeated cross-sectional data from 2016 to 2018 Children’s Health National Survey (NSCH), we examined the changes and trends of health insurance coverage and health insurance adequacy among children age 0–17 across different racial/ethnic groups from 2016 to 2018. Multivariate logistic regression models stratified by race-ethnicity were further analyzed to examine the association between children’s health insurance adequacy, their health insurance coverage, and their socio-demographic background factors.Results:Our analyses indicate that generally children’s enrollment in Medicaid or other government aided health care programs had been increasing whereas children’s enrollment in the employer-based had been decreasing from 2016 to 2018. At the same time, the number of children who said that they always had adequate health insurance to meet their health care needs has slightly dropped from 2016 to 2018, except for AIAN children. Our analyses further revealed that the risk of inadequate health insurance appears to be stronger for children in disadvantaged situation, socially and economically.Conclusions:The ACA has contributed to expanding childhood health insurance coverage. But racial/ethnic disparities continue to exist in children’s health insurance coverage and health insurance adequacy. To achieve equity in childhood health care, more outreach and appropriate programs are needed for children who are socially and economically disadvantaged.

Primary school teachers' opinions on social justice in life studies lessons and in-class practices

Education is of great importance for the inclusion of persons in society. While education is so important, unfortunately, not all students can benefit from education opportunities offered equally. Problems experienced in reaching quality education that put students at a disadvantage situation can be listed as social differences, gender, language, ethnicity, family structure, socioeconomic status, and having special needs. This study aims to examine teachers' opinion to some students' situation about their disadvantageous in the classroom and how the primary school teachers minimize this disadvantage and furthermore what they do to about social justice in the classroom environment. For this aims, five schools with disadvantaged students were selected to determine the participants of the study, and 10 teachers who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were selected from the teachers in these school. In this study, case study design, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred and interview method was used for data collection via semi-structured form. According to the results of the study, it was determined that the teachers' work for disadvantaged students focused on " peer collaboration", "forming heterogeneous groups" and "respecting different cultures". It was stated that when they made these practices, the problems of the students decreased and they improved academically and socially.

The Influence of Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Processing Speed on the Psychological Adjustment and Wellbeing of Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors.

Simple SummaryProcessing speed (PS) is one of the most impaired functions in pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTSs) and it has been linked to difficulties in their psychological functioning, together with other non-insult-related risk factors, such as socio-economic status (SES). Given the psychological adjustment difficulties observed in PBTS, the aim of the current study was to explore the relationship between SES and psychological functioning, measured with the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and considering the contribution of PS as a mediator. The results demonstrated that the influence of SES on the CBCL total index was mediated by PS. Furthermore, PS was found to have a mediating effect on the SES–internalizing problems relationship but not on the SES–externalizing problems relationship. These findings suggest that PS may be a rehabilitation target to prevent psychological distress and should be addressed, especially for PBTSs who live in a disadvantaged situation.(1) Background: The relationship between processing speed (PS) and psychological adjustment in the healthy population is well established, as is that between low socio-economic status (SES) and psychological distress. While PS is one of the most impaired functions in pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTSs), previous research has demonstrated that low SES may be a predictor of increased psychosocial risk in PBTSs. Given the psychological adjustment difficulties observed in PBTS, in the current study we aimed to explore the relationship between SES and psychological functioning, considering the contribution of PS as a mediator. (2) Methods: demographic and clinical data of 80 children (age range: 4–17 y.o.) were retrospectively collected. Psychological measures were the parent-compiled versions of the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mediation analysis models were performed on psychological measures with and without the inclusion of covariates. (3) Results: The influence of SES on the CBCL total index was mediated by PS. Furthermore, PS was found to have a mediating effect on the relationship between SES and internalizing problems but not on the relationship between SES and externalizing problems. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that PS may be a rehabilitation target for the prevention of psychological distress and should be addressed especially for PBTSs who live in a disadvantaged situation.

Uso do tempo nas relações de casal e no exercício da maternidade e da paternidade na Costa Rica: uma análise crítica desde uma perspectiva sociológica

The objective was to develop an analysis of the existing asymmetries and gaps in the use of time between men and women, both in their relationship as a couple and in the exercise of motherhood and fatherhood, which means reviewing, on the one hand, the of daily tasks linked to unpaid domestic work, the care and upbringing of minors and, on the other hand, the free time dedicated to recreational, sports and personal care activities. The theoretical framework takes up the contributions of sociology and sexual political economy, where romantic love, idyllic motherhood and motherhood as punishment are problematized, in contrast to contemporary trends that reflect on the experience of pleasant motherhood. In methodological terms, it corresponds to a bibliographical research, where information collected by the National Survey of Time Use (abbreviated as ENUT from its original Spanish name, Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo) 2017 and other studies developed at the national level were used. It is verified that a social and sexual contract persists within couple relationships, which places women in a disadvantaged situation regarding the use of the most valuable resource: time. Since there are clear asymmetries between both sexes regarding days of unpaid work, care and upbringing. This is based on the romantic idea of love, which works to extract time and vital energy from women, proving that there is a supervised but little accompanied maternity; finally, some reflections are offered on the exercise of pleasant motherhood and, therefore, of responsible parenthood.

Food consumption patterns, socio-demographic status and nutritional risks of women in low and middle income communities in Kwandengezi, Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa

Food consumption patterns have changed dramatically in recent times. Traditional diets are replaced by “westernised diets” causing nutritional risks like malnutrition. Unemployment and lack of nutrition education have an impact on communities, in terms of the foods being purchased and consumed. This research seeks to establish a true reflection of the nutritional status, food intake patterns of the communities participating in the study and influencing factors. This is to estimate if the low income community, the north section is in a more disadvantaged situation when compared to the middle income community, the south section. The objective was to determine the socio-demographic status, food consumption patterns and nutritional risk of a low-income and middle-income community that reside in KwaNdengezi Township in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.The research being undertaken consists of descriptive and theoretical studies. Upon consention, participants data were collected by means of an interview setting. A set of questionnaires included, Socio-demographic, Food Frequency and 24-Hour Recall questions. The anthropometric measurements were taken in order to determine the body mass index status. Both sections of the township were affected by unemployment. The education status of the participants showed concern as both sections had fewer graduates. The mean Food Variety Scores (FVS) (±SD) for all items consumed from various food groups during seven days, indicated a medium where both sections had a good dietary diversity score ranging from 7-9 food groups, which summarize the food group diversity as being in the majority in the north section. The results of energy distribution of macronutrients from the average of the 24-hr recall when compared to the WHO dietary factor goals showed that the participants’ diet was well balanced, in relation to macronutrient intake for both sections but was lacking in micronutrient intake. Overweight and obesity tests showed disturbing results with majority of women caregivers in both sections found to be obese, showing risks of obesity related illnesses (NCDs). More nutrition knowledge should be geared towards educating the most vulnerable and poverty stricken communities. The micronutrient intake must be promoted at lower and middle income communities.. The government should devise and implement projects that empower women so that they are not co- dependent. Key words: Food, Consumption, Low and Middle- income, Education, Nutritional risks, KwaNdengezi, South Africa

Places That Bond and Bind: On the Interplay of Space, Places, and Social Networks

Social networks of socially disadvantaged individuals can help them in coping with everyday life and avoiding social exclusion. At the same time, social ties also have the power to bind an individual to their disadvantageous situation, perpetuating the risks of social exclusion. One mechanism through which ties can be established are “foci”: extra‐network structures around which common interactions occur (e.g., family, workplace, clubs) that usually have spatial anchor points (places) where joint interactions happen. To better understand this interplay of places and networks, we use a methodological novelty that connects a person’s everyday places with their ego‐centred network (two‐mode network). We analyse in depth two cases (elderly women living alone) from a mixed‐methods study conducted in rural peripheries in eastern Germany, and we combine data from GPS tracking, qualitative interviews, and egocentric networks. A central finding of our analysis is that tie formation in places is more successful if ego has certain resources (e.g., cultural, financial, or time resources) that allow them to utilise places as foci—hence, ego and places must “match” in their characteristics. Beyond that, the existing foci (and their spatial anchoring as places in everyday life) in which ego is integrated must be considered as structures. Even if a person has enough resources and easy access to places with characteristics that promote contact, this does not automatically mean that they will form ties in such places, as the person’s network plays a major role in whether they frequent these places and establish new ties there.

Dieci film per educare alla prosocialità nella scuola dell’infanzia

Pro-social behaviour stems from a specific social attitude that motivates people to unconditionally help those in a disadvantaged situation. The mass media portray diversity in a way that is often disrespectful of individual differences and thus hinders the development of pro-social attitudes. Studies show that this type of attitude is built from childhood onwards. This raises the question of how and to what extent preschool teachers are able to identify film products suitable for the 3-6 year age group, capable of guiding the teaching activities proposed, starting from the analysis and reflection of the social messages conveyed. The contribution presents a research conducted with a sample of 75 preschool teachers enrolled in the Specialization Course for support activities, who were asked to choose a film they considered suitable for a prosocial pathway and to structure an activity to be carried out in the section. The data collected made it possible to draw up a ranking of ten animated films that could be used in teaching activities aimed at educating prosociality.

Ergonomic assessment of postal workers’ pain symptoms and musculoskeletal risks related to parcel processing activity for delivery

The parcel delivery activity is carried out all over the world and workers in this sector have suffered from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the strong demand for work generated by the recent increase in e-commerce. This study aimed to evaluate postal workers' pain symptoms, movements and identify MSDs risks related to the parcel processing activity for delivery, proposing preventive measures. A sample of thirty-two workers was evaluated with the application of sociodemographic and Nordic questionnaires and electrical bioimpedance. The motion capture sensors were used to evaluate right/left shoulder joints, segment C7-T1 (Cervical) and segment L5-S1 (Lumbar) of three postal workers (percentiles of anthropometric data: 5, 50, and 95) during four real work activities that are part of the parcel processing. The analyzed workers presented musculoskeletal complaints in practically all body regions, with a greater prevalence in shoulders, hands, lower back, and knees. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI), they were on average overweight (27.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2). In the movement analysis, we identified risks related to cervical protrusion, anterior trunk flexion, and shoulder flexion, in addition to repetitive movements. In some activities, the higher stature showed an increase in lumbar and cervical anterior flexion. The set of evaluations showed that the activity of processing orders for delivery offers musculoskeletal risks. We identify that ergonomic adaptations are necessary to adapt the heights of the work environment to the statures of the postal workers. Relevance to industry: The activity of processing orders for delivery is carried out practically all over the world generating jobs and income for its employees. Nonetheless, there are still situations of ergonomic disadvantage that can generate musculoskeletal risks. The findings elucidate ergonomic risks and provide useful information for future ergonomic interventions in the postal/delivery workplace environment.

Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) Practices from the Perspective of Classroom Teachers Teaching in Disadvantaged Suburban Primary School

The current study aims to determine how emergency remote teaching (ERT) practices were conducted in a disadvantaged suburban public primary school during the COVID -19 pandemic. For this purpose, a disadvantaged suburban public primary school in the Marmara region, Turkey, was selected as a case and an instrumental case study design was chosen for the study. For data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview form with 10 classroom teachers. In addition, natural observations were conducted by one of the researchers who is also a teacher in the same school. As a result of the thematic analysis, two main themes were identified: "disadvantage experienced by students" and "the consequences of disadvantage." The disadvantage experienced by the students has two different dimensions, social and economic. It was found that these disadvantages lead to different effects on students and teachers. The results of the study show that students face economic disadvantages in purchasing the imperative learning materials to participate in the online course. Parents do not prioritize these materials due to low awareness. Socio-economic disadvantages lead to a digital divide and inequality of opportunity in education.It is clear that school closures will create even greater challenges for disadvantaged students in the future.s. In terms of teachers, these disadvantageous situations cause instructional difficulties such as challenges in planning the teaching process, neglecting the program, effective assessment; and individual difficulties such as anxiety and sadness.

The Influence of Economic Factors on the Relationship between Partnership Status and Health: A Gender Approach to the Spanish Case.

This study explores the relevance of economic factors (e.g., a household’s economic capacity and the prevailing economic context) to understand the relationship between the partnership status and the health of Spanish adult women and men (age 30–59). To do so, it draws on cross-sectional data from the Spanish sample of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the years 2005, 2010, and 2015 (i.e., before, during, and after the 2008–2012 economic recession). The results reveal dissimilar patterns of association between partnership status and both the health of, and the economic difficulties faced by Spanish women and men in each of the three years studied. Most notably, the partnership status of Spanish women has a greater impact on their likelihood of experiencing economic difficulties and poor health than does that of their male counterparts. Additionally, women are also more likely to experience economic difficulties during and after the economic recession. The disadvantageous situation of Spanish women in the public sphere is shown to have a negative impact on their ability to cope with the economic difficulties associated with the end of a union and a contextual recession.

Learning Activities for Modular Distance Learning in Dr. Francisco L. Calingasan Memorial Colleges Foundation Inc. Tuy and Nasugbu Campuses

In the era of globalization and internationalization, the school is at the forefront of meeting the challenges of the 21st century education. Innovations abound, millions of information are made available in the worldwide web and new ways of management practices and learning have emerged (Dayagbil, 2016). Distance learning is a learning delivery modality which occurs when the teacher and learners are geographically remote from each other. Modular Distance Learning (MDL) is a type of distance learning that uses modules to transfer learning to the students. (Llego, 2020). The education system has immensely transformed from traditional way of learning into a more diverse one which can cope with the fast-changing world. It can now address the different skills of the 21st century learners. The integration of different learning modalities into the curriculum makes it more accessible for everyone. In the Philippines, the Department of Education widens learners’ access to quality education through the Alternative Delivery Mode. Based on Republic Act 10618 or an Act Establishing Rural Farm Schools as Alternative Delivery Mode of Secondary Education and Appropriating Funds of 2013, the Alternative Delivery Mode may include the use of facilitator - aided and interactive self - instructional print and audio - based learning materials, video tapes, face - to - face structured learning groups, demonstration sessions, home visits, mentoring and remediation. This implies that aside from the formal education in which students are confined in the classrooms, there are ways to reach out to learners especially if they are incapable of attending regular class days. To further address the accessibility of education for the Filipino learners, the Philippines reaffirmed its global commitment to bring benefits of education to “every citizen to every society” and developed the National Plan of Action to Achieve Education for All which also aimed to achieve an improved quality of basic education for every Filipino. It includes reforms in the curriculum and introduced the Alternative Delivery Modes that promote access and holding power of school through the implementation of the Project EASE (Effective Alternative Secondary Education) to complement the existing formal education to make secondary education more accessible to students in disadvantaged situations. Learning is facilitated through the use of modules as instructional materials during the period when students are out of the classroom. Truly, the Philippine government together with the Department of Education continuously strive to provide and improve the quality of education for every Filipino to meet the demands of the global community. Even during these trying times as we face the COVID-19 pandemic, the department yield ways to adapt to the new normal by launching various distance learning modalities for the school year 2020-2021. This is to ensure that the pandemic will not hinder learning but also to secure the health of every stakeholder in the learning process. Based on the survey results from the Learner Enrolment and Survey Forms distributed by the schools nationwide, both private and public, the parents as well as the learners’ preferred modular distance learning than online distance learning. The 8.8 million parents opted for modular learning while only 3.8 million chose online learning. On the other hand, 7.2 million enrolees preferred modular distance learning while only 2 million enrolees opted for online distance learning. (Malipol, 2020). It is for this that this study was thought of. It attempts to assess the utilization of Modular Distance Learning Strategies of Teachers in Dr. Francisco L. Calingasan Memorial Colleges Foundation Inc. Tuy and Nasugbu Campuses during the academic year 2020 - 2021.

Weak agency and preferences for participatory democracy: discourses of Spanish people in positions of socioeconomic disadvantage

ABSTRACT Recent studies exploring public opinion on participatory democracy show that disadvantaged social groups tend to hold favourable views on participatory processes. At the same time, research has also found that these groups frequently express feelings of weak agency and lack of competence to make valuable contributions to political processes. How then is support for democratic participation to be understood, if people see themselves as unskilled and incapable agents? To address this question, a series of focus groups were conducted with young, middle-aged, and older Spanish adults in situations of socioeconomic disadvantage. Like other studies, the analysis found that the participants had positive views of participatory reforms, but this was modified by low levels of personal and collective agency (internal and external efficacy and horizontal mistrust). While some scholars argue that such ambivalence is coherent with populism, the analysis suggests that many participants (particularly younger and middle-aged adults) are keenly appreciative of the complexity of such proposals and that negativity relates to the implementation of participative processes without genuine redistribution of knowledge and power, as well as a lack of mechanisms to guarantee responsiveness and commitment to bottom-up democracy.

THE ELECTION CONFLICT OF MANDAILING TRIBE LEADER: AN ANALYSIS ON VICTIMOLOGY

In the study of victimology, it was explained that some of community members tended to be repeatedly victims of crime. So, as long as there is no recovery carried out regarding this problem, the community is described as continuing victimization. This happened in Sei Kumango Village, Sub-distric Tambusai, Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. There is a confilct about the election of the Mandailing tribe leader in that village, and it made the community be in a very disadvantaged situation. Through qualitatives research approach, this research explained the conflict that occurs causes an adverse impact on the community in a psychological aspect and cultural aspect that exist in the community itself. In victimology, that problem is described as a form of Politically Victims, that is those who suffer because of their politic oponnent where it was explained that the conflict’s impact which had afflicted the community in both camps was an impact that occurred because of the leader election. Indirectly, the community became political victims of leader’s election in Mandailing tribe, Sei Kumangi village.

Prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlated factors among pregnant women during their second and third trimesters in northwest rural China: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe depression mood during their second and third trimesters has a negative impact on both the mother and her child. Compared with pregnant women in urban areas, rural pregnant women who are in more disadvantaged situation may have more serious psychological problems. Particular, many rural pregnant women had internal migrant work experience during pregnancy in rural China. It is thus necessary to study the prevalence of depressive symptoms and correlated factors among Chinese northwest rural pregnant women.MethodsThis study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018 and surveyed 1053 pregnant women in the middle and late stages of pregnancy who were registered in rural areas, gave informed consent and did not suffer from cognitive impairment or severe mental illness. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by the Chinese Version of the Short Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-C21). Demographic characteristics, pregnancy characteristics and family factors were obtained through structured questionnaires. This study employed multiple factor logistic regression to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and their correlates.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women during their second and third trimesters was 16.14% (95%CI 13.92%-18.36%). Higher education levels (OR = 0.50; 95%CI 0.29–0.85) and taking folic acid (OR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.39–0.89) reduced the risk of depression symptoms. The family receiving rural welfare (OR = 1.69; 95%CI 1.04–2.75), migration for work (OR = 1.95; 95%CI 1.03–3.71) and living with both parents and parents-in-law (OR = 2.55; 95%CI 1.09–5.96) increased the risk of depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms among pregnant women during their second and third trimesters in Northwest rural China was 16.14% that was nearly 4 percentage points higher than the average survey result of the pregnant women in developed countries and was higher than the findings in Chinese urban areas. To prevent depression symptoms, it’s essential to early screen and provide folic acid for free when antenatal examination. Moreover, maternal examination files should be established so that wo pay attention to the psychological status of pregnant women who were with low education levels, poor family economic situations, excessive parental burden and who had been migrant workers.

Review of TV Series in the Context of Verbal Violence and Marginalization Against the Low-Income Group

In the social structure, income inequality may create a disadvantageous situation in terms of verbal violence and marginalization. People in the low-income group are more exposed to humiliation and marginalization in this sense. Media content, which is a visual representation of social life, and especially popular TV series, may have verbal violence and marginalizing elements in terms of themes and dialogues. These negative representations in the TV series may cause the aforementioned social problems to be considered normal and trigger overlooking or ignoring them. As the research sample, the TV series named “Fatmagül’ün Suçu ne? (What is Fatmagül’s Fault?)” broadcasted on Kanal D (Channel D) between the years 2010 – 2012 has been analyzed in the context of verbal violence and marginalization through qualitative research method and survey model. According to the results of the analysis, it has been determined that people in the low-income group are humiliated and marginalized in some scenes and dialogues in the series. It has been observed that people with a low financial profile living in the provinces are subjected to verbal violence and injustice by wealthy people, and from time to time they have been forced to remain silent in the face of these injustices. Again, it was clear that especially the weak position of women in society has been emphasized in the series as well as women having to confront the issue of marginalization even more. The subject’s gender creates a significant difference in the context of negative events to be experienced. As a result; ın the series, Fatmagül and other low-income people are exposed to oppressive behaviors and injustices. Additionally, it is observed that women are always in a less favorable position than men in society.

The Gender Gap in Engineering Education During The COVID-19 Lockdown: A Study Case

Higher education in Spain, especially in Madrid, was suddenly and unex-pectedly shut down on March 9th 2020 because of the beginning of the COVID-19 first wave emergency. In engineering education, where practical laboratories are a relevant part of the educational process, professors followed different approaches (sometimes concurrently), designed after only three or five days of discussions. Although, globally, the obtained results are ac-ceptable considering the situation, after informally analyzing the data and observing the post-lockdown students’ profile, it emerges clearly that some collectives have suffered a higher impact than other. The objective of this work is to analyze if the performance of women in engineering courses, spe-cifically in computer engineering, is different from male students. The study case is carried out at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, particularly, in the computer engineering degree. Furthermore, if a statistically relevant differ-ence is discovered, the final causes of this worrying situation will be studied. Official academic results were analyzed. Besides, more than one hundred surveys among students were developed. Results clearly show a deterioration in all indicators for all collectives and students, comparing the performance during the lockdown and the performance of previous years. However, this impact is not homogenous, and results also show how there is, actually, a gender gap placing women in engineering education during the lockdown (an after) in a disadvantaged situation

Tuning the carrier type and density of monolayer tin selenide via organic molecular doping

Utilizing first-principles calculations, charge transfer doping process of single layer tin selenide (SL-SnSe) via the surface adsorption of various organic molecules was investigated. Effective p-type SnSe, with carrier concentration exceeding 3.59 × 1013 cm−2, was obtained upon adsorption of tetracyanoquinodimethane or 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane on SL-SnSe due to their lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals acting as shallow acceptor states. While we could not obtain effective n-type SnSe through adsorption of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) or 1,4,5,8-tetrathianaphthalene on pristine SnSe due to their highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO) being far from the conduction band edge of SnSe, this disadvantageous situation can be amended by the introduction of an external electric field perpendicular to the monolayer surface. It is found that Snvac will facilitate charge transfer from TTF to SnSe through introducing an unoccupied gap state just above the HOMO of TTF, thereby partially compensating for the p-type doping effect of Snvac. Our results show that both effective p-type and n-type SnSe can be obtained and tuned by charge transfer doping, which is necessary to promote its applications in nanoelectronics, thermoelectrics and optoelectronics.

Mental Health Status of the Population of a Hungarian Disadvantaged Region

Lifestyle and health culture significantly determines people’s health status. Several demographic studies have proved the correlation between disadvantaged social situation, unfavorable socio-economic status and health status. Deprivation and disadvantaged situation have become important, which should be treated as the root of difficulties on several fields since they have great impact on health behavior and -culture. Families living in lagging areas require special attention because of their social and economic backwardness and mental disadvantages. Childhood is an especially important period since skills learned before the age of 14 have a determining role in future life chances and adult health status: satisfactory psychosomatic development, loading capacity and the developing unfavorable habits influence adult health. As the part of the Creative Region program, our goal is to explore the mental health status of people living in the Hungarian Abaúj region by monitored data. 516 persons from 25 settlements and 7 primary schools of the region were included. We used the Beck Depression Inventory (filled under the age of 12) and the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (filled by all participants) by the help of measuring commissioners. Among children, a significant difference could be detected between genders (p=0.007). Body image seems to be a really important factor in youngsters’ life. Body weight (p=0.022) and physical exercises (p=0.02) significantly occur in the manifestation of depression symptoms in young people. The level of adult’s depression is influenced by the education level (p=0.00012), labour market status (p=0.003), alcohol consumption (p=0.007), subjective bad financial situation (p=0.022), sedentary lifestyle (p=0.001) and obesity (p=0.002). 5.5% of youngsters and 1.3% of adults are victims of domestic violence. It is important to highlight that negative future vision, unemployment and hopelessness cause anxiety and depression increasing by age, and it will manifest in endangering health behavior (inappropriate eating, sedimentary lifestyle, addictive disorders).