Terms Of Disability Research Articles

The firearms industry challenges progress on SDGs in the Middle East

Abstract Firearms violence is a grave public health issue globally. Relevant public health outcomes include in addition to death, long term disability, and mental health harms. Further adverse effects on public health in armed conflicts include forced displacement, destruction of life supporting infrastructure and natural resources, in addition to adverse outcomes on civilian populations caught up in wars and protracted crises, who bear the burden more if located in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) of the world. Firearms violence is understudied beyond recent research which focuses on gun violence at an individual level in the context of the Global North, such as in the US, and which rarely addresses the marketing and lobbying strategies of the firearms industry globally to increase sales and consumption of its products. This focus on civilian level gun ownership and violence obscures the influence of the underlying commercial determinant, the firearms industry. Armed conflicts globally are fueled to a great extent by the weapons produced by the firearms industry and their trade, the majority of which are manufactured in industrialized countries, such as the US, UK and China. Based on the above and through the commercial determinants of health framework, this presentation will illustrate using the Middle East as a case, how the firearms industry gravely undermines and threatens the majority of SGDs, 3 (health and well-being), 10 (inequality reduction) and 16 (peace and justice) directly, and several of the others indirectly. Implications for research are also discussed.

Are combined conservative interventions effective in reducing pain, disability and/or global rating of pain in people with sciatica with known neuropathic pain mechanisms?

National Clinical Guidelines recommend an integrated combination of conservative management strategies for sciatica. However, the efficacy of such combinations have not been established. The purpose of this systemic review with meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of combined conservative (non-pharmacological) compared to single interventions for people with sciatica with a confirmed neuropathic mechanism. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO CRD42023464011. The databases included were the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL (EBSCO), Embase, PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycINFO, and grey literature sources from inception until January 2024. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of combined non-pharmacological interventions in comparison to a control intervention among individuals with sciatica of a neuropathic origin identified using diagnostic or clinical tests. Primary outcomes were back pain, leg pain, and disability. The secondary outcome was global rating of change. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment (using Cochrane ROB2) were assessed by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed with a random effects model with inverse variance weighting used for the metanalysis using SPSS v 29. 3,370 articles were identified, of which 6 were included. Risk of bias was high in one study and had some concerns in the remaining 5 studies for each outcome measure. There was evidence of efficacy for combined interventions for back pain in the short-and long-term (SMD - 0.56 (95% CI -0.91, -0.22, p = 0.01, I2 = 0.2; SMD - 0.44 (95% CI -0.79, -0.1, p = 0.03, I2 = 0.00), and for disability in the short term (SMD - 0.48 (95% CI -0.92, -0.04, p = 0.04, I2 = 0.72). There was no evidence of efficacy for leg pain at any time point (( short term SMD - 0.45 (95% CI -0.91, 0.02, p = 0.06, I2 = 0.65), medium term (SMD - 0.29 (95% CI -1.12, 0.54, p = 0.35, I2 = 0.82), long term (SMD - 0.40 (95% CI -1.23, 0.44, p = 0.18, I2 = 0.57).Certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. There are few studies that have combined conservative (non-pharmacological) interventions for the management of sciatica with a neuropathic component pain mechanism, as recommended by National Clinical Guidelines. This review indicates that combining conservative (no-pharmacological) management strategies appeared more effective than single interventions for the outcomes of low back pain in the short and long term, and for disability in the short term, but not for leg pain at any time point. The overall low certainty of evidence, suggests that future studies with more robust methodologies are needed.

Everyday Life Infrastructure Impact on Subjective Well-Being in the European Union: A Gender Perspective

This paper processes the 2015 Benefits of Gender Equality through Infrastructure Provision (BGEIP) Survey, a representative survey for the EU-28, to estimating the impact of everyday life infrastructure access on subjective well-being (SWB) from a gender perspective in Europe. Our estimations prove that accessing everyday life infrastructure in Europe indeed increases SWB, but it contributes to increasing more the SWB of women than that of men. Women’s well-being is positively affected for all kinds of everyday life infrastructures, but the differences with respect to men are larger for the Nursery category for children up to 3 years and for the Centers category for people with long term disabilities. In contrast, men’s well-being is only sensitive to the Health infrastructure and to the Gym and Workout places. Clearly, targeting infrastructure investment helping women in caring children, and other dependents in the family constitute an excellent vehicle for increasing women’s SWB and reducing gender inequality in Europe.

Using Duoethnography to Connect the Disability Justice Principles to Education Research about Disabled Populations on Campus

The terms disability inclusion, disability rights, and disability justice are often used somewhat interchangeably, but have distinct meanings within academe more broadly and academic research contexts. The purpose of this investigation was to explore these concepts in relation to our research and present the way in which we (as education researchers) grappled with what a critical, disability justice-informed research methodology involves. We used a qualitative, duoethnographic research approach as it is both a reflection of social justice and a method to advance it (Sawyer & Norris, 2013). We engaged in virtual, asynchronous and synchronous dialogues in writing and audio formats to reflect, critique, question, and eventually, generate new ideas and ways of moving forward. In the paper, we first consider how the Disability Justice Principles from Sins Invalid (2019) could be connected to our current research practices using two questions about ethical considerations as well as research methodologies and frameworks. We then theorize how education researchers can intentionally incorporate activism throughout each stage of the research process. A Disability Justice-informed education research framework is proposed for use with research about disabled populations in higher education. This framework addresses the relationship between stages of the research process, disability inclusion, and disability justice, which was the ongoing debate throughout our dialogues.

Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality-Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Virtual reality (VR) in different immersive conditions has been increasingly used as a nonpharmacological method for managing chronic musculoskeletal pain. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of VR-assisted active training versus conventional exercise or physiotherapy in chronic musculoskeletal pain and to analyze the effects of immersive versus nonimmersive VR on pain outcomes. This systematic review of randomized control trials (RCTs) searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from inception to June 9, 2024. RCTs comparing adults with chronic musculoskeletal pain receiving VR-assisted training were included. The primary outcome was pain intensity; secondary outcomes included functional disability and kinesiophobia. Available data were pooled in a meta-analysis. Studies were graded using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool version 2. In total, 28 RCTs including 1114 participants with some concerns for a high risk of bias were identified, and 25 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. In low back pain, short-term outcomes measured post intervention showed that nonimmersive VR is effective in reducing pain (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.79, 95% CI -2.72 to -0.87; P<.001), improving disability (SMD -0.44, 95% CI -0.72 to -0.16; P=.002), and kinesiophobia (SMD -2.94, 95% CI -5.20 to -0.68; P=.01). Intermediate-term outcomes measured at 6 months also showed that nonimmersive VR is effective in reducing pain (SMD -8.15, 95% CI -15.29 to -1.01; P=.03), and kinesiophobia (SMD -4.28, 95% CI -8.12 to -0.44; P=.03) compared to conventional active training. For neck pain, immersive VR reduced pain intensity (SMD -0.55, 95% CI -1.02 to -0.08; P=.02) but not disability and kinesiophobia in the short term. No statistical significances were detected for knee pain or other pain regions at all time points. In addition, 2 (8%) studies had a high risk of bias. Both nonimmersive and immersive VR-assisted active training is effective in reducing back and neck pain symptoms. Our study findings suggest that VR is effective in alleviating chronic musculoskeletal pain. PROSPERO CRD42022302912; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=302912.

A study of acute stroke syndromes in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital in south Rajasthan - A cross sectional observational study

Introduction Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long term disability in India. Stroke is an important cause of premature death and disability in low- income and middle-income countries like India, largely driven by demographic changes and enhanced by the increasing prevalence of the key modifiable risk factors. Among all the neurological diseases of adult life, cerebrovascular accidents clearly ranks first in frequency of importance. Almost fifty percent of neurological diseases in general hospital are due to stroke. Cerebrovascular accident includes ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and cerebrovascular anomalies such as intracranial aneurysm, AV malformation and cortical venous thrombosis. Stroke after heart disease, is the second most common cause of death among noncommunicablediseases.[1] With the introduction of effective treatment for hypertension, there has been a marked reduction in the frequency of stroke.

Long term outcome in non-multiple sclerosis paediatric acquired demyelinating syndromes

ObjectivesWe aimed to study the risks of relapse and long term disability in children with non-MS acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADS). MethodsIn this prospective, multi-centre study, from the 14 UK pediatric neurology centres, children (<16 years) experiencing a first episode of ADS were recruited from 2010 to 2014. Case report forms were collected prospectively. ResultsA total of 269 children were recruited and followed up for a median of 7.2 years. Median age at onset was 9y (IQR 9.5–14.5, 126 females). At last follow-up, 46 (18 %) had MS, 4 AQP4-Ab NMOSD and 206 (80 %) had other ADS, of which 27 (13 %) relapsed. Relapsing MOGAD was the diagnosis in 12/27, 6 were seronegative and 9 did not have antibodies tested. Frequency of relapse differed according to first presentation in non-MS ADS, being least likely in transverse myelitis (p = 0.025). In the non-MS group, MOG-Ab was predictive of relapse (HR = 8.42; p < 0.001) occurring 8 times as often decreasing over time. Long-term difficulties did not differ between children with monophasic vs relapsing diseases. ConclusionThe risk of relapse in non-MS ADS depends on initial diagnosis, and MOG-Ab positivity. Long-term difficulties are observed regardless of relapses and are determined by presenting phenotype.

Polyurethane-Asphaltic Concrete as an Alternative Solution for Road Pavement Distress – A Review

Road traffic accidents are the primary source of injuries and fatalities worldwide, accounting for 20–50 million long term disabilities and 1.25 million deaths annually. Pavement conditions rank as the second most common cause of traffic accidents. The combined effects of environmental factors and traffic loads lead to pavement discomfort. Ensuring proper pavement design and maintenance can assist in lowering accident rates and preventing long-term disability associated with drivers. Physical maintenance procedures like overlays, seal coatings, patching, and filling joints are carried out in practice; nevertheless, they only offer temporary fixes by treating the symptoms rather than the underlying issue. An alternative method for road pavement maintenance is using polyurethane to improve the properties of asphalt due to the excellent properties of polyurethane. This study conducts a systematic review of the polyurethane asphaltic characteristics and performance based on the previous study by researchers. It is found that the pavement maintenance work using polyurethane is able to sustain longer periods and is moisture resistant due to its excellent bonding with the existing pavement material. Keywords: polyurethane, asphalt, pavement, distress, road

Progression independent of relapse activity in relapsing multiple sclerosis: impact and relationship with secondary progression

ObjectivesWe investigated the occurrence and relative contribution of relapse-associated worsening (RAW) and progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) to confirmed disability accrual (CDA) and transition to secondary progression (SP) in relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsRelapsing-onset MS patients with follow-up > / = 5 years (16,130) were extracted from the Italian MS Registry. CDA was a 6-month confirmed increase in Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score. Sustained disability accumulation (SDA) was a CDA with no EDSS improvement in all subsequent visits. Predictors of PIRA and RAW and the association between final EDSS score and type of CDA were assessed using logistic multivariable regression and multivariable ordinal regression models, respectively.ResultsOver 11.8 ± 5.4 years, 16,731 CDA events occurred in 8998 (55.8%) patients. PIRA (12,175) accounted for 72.3% of CDA. SDA occurred in 8912 (73.2%) PIRA and 2583 (56.7%) RAW (p < 0.001). 4453 (27.6%) patients transitioned to SPMS, 4010 (73.2%) out of 5476 patients with sustained PIRA and 443 (24.8%) out of 1790 patients with non-sustained PIRA. In the multivariable ordinal regression analysis, higher final EDSS score was associated with PIRA (estimated coefficient 0.349, 95% CI 0.120–0.577, p = 0.003).DiscussionIn this real-world relapsing-onset MS cohort, PIRA was the main driver of disability accumulation and was associated with higher disability in the long term. Sustained PIRA was linked to transition to SP and could represent a more accurate PIRA definition and a criterion to mark the putative onset of the progressive phase.

Medium-Term Disability and Long-Term Functional Impairment Persistence in Survivors of Severe COVID-19 ARDS: Clinical and Physiological Insights

BackgroundAlthough the medium- and long-term sequelae of survivor of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of any cause have been documented, little is known about the way in which COVID-19-induced ARDS affects functional disability and exercise components. Our aims were to examine the medium-term disability in severe COVID-19-associated ARDS survivors, delineate pathophysiological changes contributing to their exercise intolerance, and explore its utility in predicting long-term functional impairment persistence. MethodsWe studied 108 consecutive subjects with severe COVID-19 ARDS who remained alive 6 months after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Lung morphology was assessed with chest non-contrast CT scans and CT angiography. Functional evaluation included spirometry, plethysmography, muscle strength, and diffusion capacity, with assessment of gas exchange components through diffusing capacity of nitric oxide. Disability was assessed through an incremental exercise test, and measurements were repeated 12 and 24 months later in patients with functional impairments. ResultsAt 6 months after ICU discharge, a notable dissociation between morphological and clinical-functional sequelae was identified. Moderate-severe disability was present in 47% of patients and these subjects had greater limitation of ventilatory mechanics and gas exchange, as well as greater symptomatic perception during exercise and a probable associated cardiac limitation. Female sex, hypothyroidism, reduced membrane diffusion component, lower functional residual capacity, and high-attenuation lung volume were independently associated with the presence of moderate-severe functional disability, which in turn was related to higher frequency and greater intensity of dyspnea and worse quality of life. Out of the 71 patients with reduced lung volumes or diffusion capacity at 6 months post-ICU discharge, only 19 maintained a restrictive disorder associated with gas exchange impairment at 24 months post-discharge. In these patients, 6-month values for diffusion membrane component, maximal oxygen uptake, ventilatory equivalent for CO2, and dead space to tidal volume ratio were identified as independent risk factors for persistence of long-term functional sequelae. ConclusionsLess than half of survivors of COVID-19 ARDS have moderate-severe disability in the medium term, identifying several risk factors. In turn, diffusion membrane component and exercise tolerance at 6-month ICU discharge are independently associated with the persistence of long-term functional sequelae.

Assessment of participants’ perception on the use of mass drug administration in communities endemic to &lt;i&gt;Wuchereria bancrofti&lt;/i&gt; Cobbold, 1877 in Northern Nigeria

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is one of the neglected tropical diseases that cause permanent long term disability inform of hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis that develop as a result of inflammation of the lymphatic system. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis and perception of participants towards Mass Drug Administration (MDA) programme. The study was a community-based cross-sectional study for screening microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in consenting participants. A total of 1010 participants’ from selected communities on the MDA programme in 5 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Bauchi, Plateau and Kaduna states were enlisted into to the study. The communities were chosen based on the presence of the people living with LF according to the signs and symptoms. A well-structured adapted questionnaire was administered to collect participants’ information and their perception of the MDA programme. Microflaria of Wuchereria bancrofti were identified based on the sheathed nuclear, caudal nuclei and bent tail in Parasitology and Entomology Research Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-squared and odds ratio. Participants with knowledge (294/1010; 29.11%) of the MDA programme were less than those without knowledge (716/1010; 70.89%) of the MDA. Similar, the prevalence of LF was higher in participants with knowledge (26.87%) of the MDA than in those without knowledge (25.14%). The status of participation showed that, those that participated (380/1010; 37.62%) in the MDA were lower than those did not participants (630/1010; 62.38%); the infection in participants that did not partook in the MDA programme had higher prevalence (29.68%) of LF than those that participated. Participants gave various reasons for not being part of the MDA programme ranging from absent (177/1010; 17.53%) at the time of the campaign to side effect (2/1010; 0.20%) of the drugs after taking it. However, those that gave reasons for not participating because Community Drug Distributors (CDD) did not come, had highest prevalence (40.74%) of LF compared to those that gave reasons as side effect (0.00%) for not taking the drugs. Overall LF prevalence of 25.64% was found in this study. There is poor knowledge of MDA programme among the participants in the communities examined. Similarly, microfilaria was present in some participants despite the MDA campaign in the selected states. Intensive awareness campaign and drug distribution need to be carried out in most of the remote communities in the affected states. Furthermore, members of the communities must be part of the CDDs for acceptability and effectiveness of the campaign.

Barriers and enablers to exercise adherence in people with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review of qualitative evidence.

Exercise is a first-line treatment for chronic low back pain (CLBP), reducing pain and disability in the short term. However, exercise benefits decrease over time, with a lack of long-term exercise adherence a potential reason for this. This study aimed to synthesize the perceptions and beliefs of individuals with CLBP and identify their barriers and enablers to exercise adherence. We searched CENTRAL, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases from inception to February 28, 2023, for qualitative studies that explored the factors influencing exercise adherence for people with CLBP. A hybrid approach combining thematic synthesis with the Theoretical Domains Framework was used to analyze data. We assessed methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and the level of confidence of the themes generated using the Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Studies. Twenty-three papers (n = 21 studies) were included (n = 677 participants). Four main themes affected exercise adherence: (1) exercise, pain, and the body, (2) psychological factors, (3) social factors, and (4) external factors. These themes contained 16 subthemes that were predominantly both barriers and enablers to exercise adherence. The individual's experiences of barriers and enablers were most appropriately represented across a spectrum, where influencing factors could be a barrier or enabler to exercise adherence, and these could be specific to pre-exercise, during-exercise, and post-exercise situations. These findings may be used to improve exercise adherence and ultimately treatment outcomes in people with CLBP.

102 BB-031 Recanalizes MCAO and Reduces Inflammation in Canine Model of LVO Stroke

INTRODUCTION: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the leading cause of long term disability. rtPA treatment of AIS results in intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in 7% of patients with 40% mortality. Increased matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) correlates with ICH, while reduced levels maintain integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB), preventing ICH. Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) induces both thrombosis and inflammation in large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke. BB-031 targets VWF, and lyses thrombotic occlusion. BB-025 reverses BB-031. METHODS: After 6 hours of autologous canine MCAO, animals were treated with vehicle, BB-031, and BB-031+BB-025. VWF inhibition, TICI scores, and plasma inflammatory markers [VWF, interleukin-1 (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF- a), and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)] were analyzed over the course of the study. RESULTS: Within 15 minutes of vehicle treatment, VWF increased by 3.102 ± .382 ng/ml (n = 6) whereas BB-031 reduced VWF by 0.223 ± .154 ng/ml (p &lt; 0.05) (n = 8). BB-031-treated animals had TICI &gt; 2B in 62.5% of the animals. Although IL-1b and IL-6 were unchanged, and TNF-a was not detectable, MMP-9 levels were lower in BB-031-treated animals at sacrifice compared to both vehicle and BB-031+BB-025 (p &lt; 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: BB-031 treatment inhibited VWF, increased reperfusion, and reduced MMP-9 after canine MCAO, suggesting that in addition to recanalization, inhibiting VWF mitigates inflammation and iatrogenic ICH.

Disability in Political Science

Despite increasing interest in recent years, disability remains a neglected area of study within mainstream political science. Beginning with a brief overview of the ways that disability studies scholars have defined disability, I address the issues that have arisen in trying to measure disability as well as the limits and possibilities that follow from thinking of people with disabilities as a minority group with defined political beliefs and interests. To the extent that much of the work on disability in political science looks to the research on gender, race, ethnicity, and class as a touchstone, I consider the lessons that might be drawn from this work both as it relates to disability as a social category and regarding efforts to conceive of disability and ability in more structural and ideological terms. Turning to the literature on disability in political theory, I examine the ways that disability has been deployed to reveal the ableist assumptions that pervade canonical and more contemporary texts. I conclude by highlighting avenues for future research, including whether it is possible—or, indeed, desirable—to move beyond the civil rights and identity-based frameworks that have so defined disability politics and organizing.

Virtual Reality-Based Training in Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Low back pain is one of the most prevalent pain conditions worldwide. Virtual reality-based training has been used for low back pain as a new treatment strategy. Present evidence indicated that the effectiveness of virtual reality-based training for people with chronic low back pain is inconclusive. This study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the immediate- and short-term effects of virtual reality-based training on pain, pain-related fear, and disability in people with chronic low back pain. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PEDro, CENTRAL, and CINAHL databases from inception until January 2024. Only randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of virtual reality-based training on individuals with chronic low back pain were selected. The outcomes were focused on pain, pain-related fear measured by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and disability measured by the Oswestry Disability Index. The immediate term was defined as the immediate period after intervention, and the short term was defined as 3 to 6 months after intervention. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach were used to evaluate the quality of the methodology and evidence, respectively. In total, 20 randomized controlled trials involving 1059 patients were eligible for analysis. Virtual reality-based training showed significant improvements in pain (mean difference [MD] -1.43; 95% CI -1.86 to -1.00; I2=95%; P<.001), pain-related fear using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (MD -5.46; 95% CI -9.40 to 1.52; I2=90%; P=.007), and disability using the Oswestry Disability Index (MD -11.50; 95% CI -20.00 to -3.01; I2=95%; P=.008) in individuals with chronic low back pain immediately after interventions. However, there were no significant differences observed in pain (P=.16), pain-related fear (P=.10), and disability (P=.43) in the short term. These findings indicated that virtual reality-based training can be used effectively for individuals with chronic low back pain in the immediate term, especially to reduce pain, alleviate pain-related fear, and improve disability. However, the short-term benefits need more high-quality trials to be demonstrated. PROSPERO CRD42021292633; http://tinyurl.com/25mydxpz.

The Medium-Term Outcomes of Patients With Suspected Scaphoid Fractures: A Single-Centre Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background The medium-termoutcomesof patients (six to 14 months post-injury) with non-specific wrist injuries managed as suspected scaphoid fractures are not clear from the current literature. These patients' wrists are immobilized in casts or splints, and some receive physiotherapy. They receive serial imaging and follow-up appointments as needed. Aims This study aims to describe the medium-term outcomes of patients with non-specific wrist injuries managed as suspected scaphoid fractures. Methods This is a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Patients with suspected scaphoid fractures were identified from a consecutive database and were included.Patients diagnosed with a definitive scaphoid fracture at any point in time were excluded. Patients with any pre-existing wrist pathology were also excluded. In total 113 patients were posted the Patient-Rated-Wrist-Evaluation (PRWE) questionnaire at six to 14 months post-injury with a self-addressed return envelope. Demographic and PRWE data were collated and described. Results Twenty-two patients (19% of totalpatients) returned a completed questionnaire. The median PRWE score was 32 out of 100 indicating mild pain and disability. 45.5% of patients were in this category. A minority of patients (9%)continued to suffer severe or very severe pain and disability. Patients with PRWE scores <40, representing pain and disability that is mild or less, reported very low difficulty completing work and recreational activities. Patients tended not to have pain at rest and experienced the most difficulty lifting heavy objects. Conclusion Most patients with non-specific wrist injuries managed as suspected scaphoid fractures experience some pain and disability in the medium term. For most this is minimal or mild, however some patients experience significant pain and disability. This study adds to existing evidence that this is the case. The reasons why these patients suffer are unclear. This study highlights the need to refine clinical practice to improve the outcomes of these patients.

Optimalisasi Parenting Orang Tua Untuk Anak Disabilitas: Sebuah Studi Eksplorasi Siswa Difabel Di Probolinggo

This article discusses how the role of parents is extremely important in motivating children with disabilities in terms of communication and providing support to the child. It explores the role of teachers in assisting students with disabilities, including providing guidance and support in interacting with peers and offering motivation. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of parents in motivating their children in the educational sphere, focusing on emotional control, communication, and interaction within the school environment and the community. This research employs a qualitative method with a field study focus, using phenomenological research design and snowball sampling. It focuses on parents of students in Maron Wetan Village, Probolinggo District. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is conducted in four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study reveals findings about the lack of parental knowledge in parenting, resulting in children with disabilities feeling unmotivated to learn. It indicates that the issue in motivating these children lies in the parents' limited knowledge of parenting.

Critical care management of acute ischemic stroke – An overview of current concepts

Acute ischemic stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early recognition and prompt revascularisation are the cornerstones of treatment. Advances in the management of stroke, notably with the endovascular interventions has led to improved functional outcomes. Identification of stroke subtype, timely decision making, institution of specific therapy and periprocedural care in an intensive care unit make the difference between a favourable and an unfavourable outcome. To this effect, dedicated stroke centres, multidisciplinary teams with trained experts and critical care management play an important role. Improvements in the understanding of the disease process, ever expanding literature and development of promising novel therapeutic strategies, not withstanding, stroke is still a leading cause of acquired long term disability and mortality worldwide. End of life care and associated decision making precariousness, pose a significant prognostication challenge to the critical care team. The aim of this review is to discuss the current evidence regarding diagnosis, revascularisation modalities and optimal critical care management strategies.

Quality of Life Among Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

In recent decades, researchers have shown an increased interest in people with intellectual disabilities, as evidenced by the numerous research articles and book chapters written on this topic. This research developed in accordance with the new social politics sustained by the community and national laws and principles that promote the independence and autonomy of this population, Using the Quality of Life Inventory, developed by Michael B. Frisch, we surveyed 36 people active in the work field, diagnosed with mild and moderate intellectual disability. We found that women and men have different hierarchies of importance and satisfaction with life domains: self-esteem, money, goals, and values are important to men, and health, love, work, help, and children are important to women. We also found that health is the most problematic area for this population category, that men and people under 39 show a higher level of overall satisfaction with quality of life. The degree of impairment of the intellectual disability does not determine a low global quality of life score, since there are no major differences between people with mild intellectual disability and those with moderate intellectual disability in terms of the global level of quality of life

CARE TRAJECTORIES AND WELLBEING OUTCOMES OF OLDER CARERS

Abstract The UN Decade of Healthy Ageing states that family carers should not be held responsible for care. Yet families continue to provide the majority of care to members with long term health problems and disabilities. Their contributions to the economy remain unrecognized; their costs noted but relegated to private family matters. The purpose of this presentation is to determine wellbeing outcomes of older Canadians with diverse life course trajectories of care. Data are from the 2018 Statistics Canada nationally representative survey on caregiving. Sample for this study is ≈3000 people 65+ with one or more care episodes across their life course. Based on earlier conceptual and empirical work, we recreated 5 care trajectories. Wellbeing was measured based on material, relational and subjective domains. We conducted multivariate analyses (OLS, logistic and ordered logistic regressions) appropriate to the nature of the dependent variable) to assess whether care trajectory type predicted later life wellbeing. Results show significant differences in wellbeing among trajectory types. Serial carers had longest years of care and most care episodes. They experienced the most negative wellbeing outcomes compared to carers with other trajectory types in material wellbeing (poorer physical and mental health, lower employment income), and subjective wellbeing (higher stress). There were no significant differences across care trajectory types in relational wellbeing (loneliness). We discuss the place of public policy in addressing patterns of cumulative disadvantage in life courses of family care; and call for the development of indicators of wellbeing domains that best reflect these outcomes.