Dirty Environment Research Articles

PERILAKU CUCI TANGAN DI KALANGAN SISWA-SISWI SMAK SANTA AGNES SURABAYA

Cleanliness is a state free of dirt, including dust, garbage and odors. Hygiene is also a lifestyle, and is also included in Clean and Healthy Lifestyle. Student always consumption of food after exercise can restore lost of body stamina. However, student often forget the Wash the Hand with Soap before eating food. Behavioral factors consist of supporting factors, enabling factors and strengthening factors. This purpose of study in order to know the knowledge, attitude and behavior of informants. The research was done at High School of Santa Agnes Surabaya by using descriptive method of qualitative approach. Instrument in this research is guidance of deep interview with informant amounted to 8 people. The variables in this study were the students' knowledge, the attitude of the students and the behavior of the students associated with the CTPS. Supporting factors consist of attitude and behavioral knowledge. Knowledge of students was in the low knowledge, because only limited to know. Attitudes toward the behavior of CTPS at SMAK Santa Agnes support CTPS as a beneficial healthy behavior. The behavior of CTPS at SMAK Santa Agnes was lacking, especially after sports. Possible factors in the form of facilities that have been good, but the number is still inadequate. The reinforcing factor of the teacher's encouragement to perform the CTPS and the motivation of the dirty hand-related sectional environment can lead to ill experiences of illness that have been experienced and are accustomed to CTPS. The conclusion that can be drawn is that all informants have diverse behavior and risk to their health. Lazy behavior is the main key that must be resisted so as not to interfere with health.

Motion Control Analysis of a Spherical Robot as a Surveillance Robot

A robot is designed to be a helping tool for the human to work in the dirty, dull and dangerous environment, such as underwater, underground and disaster area. The most suitable type of robot for surveillance is a spherical robot. This type of robot has the ball-shaped, therefore minimize the contact to the ground, reduce friction, and energy consumption. All the components are shielded inside a shell; therefore it is possible to make this robot to be waterproof. One of the applications of this spherical robot is an industrial piping surveillance robot. The robot considered in this study is semi-autonomous where a user moves the robot through user interface installed in an android. The user can control the robot by examining the monitor. The input analysis of how the signal can move the robot is discussed in this paper. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, the robot is moved in an experimental setting including a pipe-like tunnel to test it. The robot moved and controlled smoothly, and it can maintain the position of the camera (robot head) always up to ensure the clear vision for the user.

The Controls of Household Mobility in Enugu Metropolitan Area, Nigeria

A household chooses where to relocate in an urban area for variety of reasons especially bothering on housing and environmental conditions. Since there is a spatial differential in housing and environmental conditions in the urban areas, the direction of this movement equally varies spatially. This has implications for urban planning and administration. This paper therefore examined through household survey, the factors that control intra-urban movement in Enugu metropolitan area using a random sample population of 489 urban households. Analysis was done using simple percentages. The result showed that 383 households did move atleast once. The prime factors found to have overwhelmingly induced movement are insecurity, low power supply, dirty environment, noise pollution, quest for education, bad road network, poor housing and flooding in decreasing order of importance. The paper concludes that stakeholders in urban administration should take cognizance of these parameters which influence the urban housing environment.

An intelligent bearing fault diagnosis system: A review

Rolling element bearing (REB) is a well-known component that most extensively used in the industry. They operate in extreme condition (high temperature, dirty environment) which may lead to unexpected failure after the certain operation. Faulty on bearing cause severe equipment damage, financial loss and threaten people's life. Development of proper fault diagnosis system of REB capable of preventing unexpected failure from occurs and maintain the machine work in the healthy state. Over a few decades, machine learning is introduced to provide a consistent fault diagnosis result. Hence, this paper reviewed the development of bearing diagnosis method using machine learning models.

The fatigue durability GFRP under increased temperatures

The actual tasks of the mechanics of composite materials are studies of the laws of deformation, fracture and mechanical behavior of composites under the influence of high and low (working) temperatures, climatic factors and working dirty environments. No less urgent task is to study issues related to the analysis of the conditions of failure, the accumulation of damage and the survivability of composites during cyclic loads. In connection with the above tasks, the paper presents the results of experimental studies of the effect of high temperatures on the fatigue life of aviation structural fiberglass plastics. Studies were conducted at the Center for Collective Use of the Center of Experimental Mechanics PNRPU. The objects of the study were samples of structural fiberglass for aerospace purposes, which were manufactured by serial technology of autoclave molding from glass fiber prepreg.In the course of study, static mechanical characteristics were determined (refined), temperature dependencies of static tensile strength and elastic modulus were obtained, temperature dependences of fatigue life were obtained, and conditions for changing the fracture mechanisms of fiberglass samples were analyzed.

DAMPAK TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) TERHADAP MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR TPA AMPANG KUALO KOTA SOLOK

ABSTRACT This research aims to: 1) knowing the negative impact TPA on the environmental cleanliness of the people who live around the TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City. 2) Knowing the condition of the negative impact of TPA on the health of the people living around the TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City. 3) knowing the economic condition of the community around the TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City with the presence of a landfill in the environment around them. This research is classified into qualitative descriptive research, the data used to complete the research is primary data. Primary data obtained from direct questionnaire interviews with people living around the TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City. Data collection techniques in this study use observation techniques, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis techniques are by reducing, displaying data, interpreting data and drawing conclusions. The result of research are: 1) the people who live in the vicinity of the TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City have poor environmental conditions because their neighborhoods are polluted, such as air, water and soil pollution and on the other hand the aesthetics of the eyes even look less comfortable. 2) The health of the people who live around the TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City is classified as bad, this is caused by a dirty environment being the main cause for disease. So they are susceptible to disease, because almost all people around the TPA experience health problems such as diarrhea and skin diseases and have suffered from dengue fever. 3). TPA Ampang Kualo Solok City also provides new opportunities for the accumulation of rubbish which creates new initiatives to create new jobs in order to fulfill daily life.

Development of Non-Contact Liquid Level Measurement and Data Storage System

The normal contact type liquid measurement devices have some drawbacks since they have potential damage due to the sensor fouling or corrosion since those are continuously exposed to the liquid. Especially flash flood may cause the damage of liquid level sensor. So that, it is important to design a non-contact device for liquid level measurement in order to avoid this constrain. Distance can be measured without contact such as laser, ultrasonic and radar. In this research, ultrasonic sensor is used to provide non-contact feature of the device since it is low cost and uses ultra-sound waves rather than light. This vital sensing device is able to sense uneven surfaces, liquids, clear objects, and objects in dirty environments. This paper discussed the measurement of liquid level in a tank as well as storing historical data.

The BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF STREET FOODS VENDED IN BUKAVU CITY: POTENTIAL HEALTH RISKS TO CONSUMERS OF SOUTH KIVU PROVINCE, EASTERN D.R. CONGO

Foods vended in roadsides of our African cities is a reality and constitute a major problem of public health starting the multiplicity and diversity of microbial flora that they carry. To address these challenges, this study was performed to control the hygienic quality of street foods vended in urban zones of Bukavu city in South Kivu province, DR Congo and assess the potential health risks to consumers. This prospective study was conducted among street vending food from vendors in three urban zone of Bukavu city. A total of 80 food samples compressing boiled meat (16), roast fish (18), sausages (21), fresh milk (13) and loaf (12) from 320 vendors were purchased and analyzed. Standard microbiological methods NF ISO 7218: 1996 were used for isolation, enumeration and identification of bacteria. Investigations into the point of sale and microbiological test results revealed the presence of a perpetual contamination risk by vendor categories. All street food samples tested are contaminated to varying degrees by bacteria, including: FMAT, total coliforms with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp. with Negative Staphylococci Coagulase and Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella with species Salmonella enterica, represent a great risk of street food poisoning for over 350 consumers per month. The mean bacterial counts in these foods expressed to CFU/10g of each food collected exceed the standards set by the Codex Alimentarius, significant and highly statistically significant according different categories of vendors and sampling sites (p<0.0001). Samples collected from vendors in Kadutu urban zone (the most popular and unhealthy in the city) are more contaminated. Dishes that are not subjected to heating during preparation have the highest microbial load. This is the case of fresh milk where the total mesophilic flora is of order of 106 CFU/10g. This is also the case of street food which, after cooking are exposed for a long time at room temperature: boiled meat and sausages contain an uncountable amount of bacteria. Total coliforms, and Salmonella sp. are more loaded in boiled meat, fresh milk and sausages. Many Staphylococcus sp. are in the loaf. Much (77%) contaminated dishes are from ambulant vendors than other distributors, followed by semi-stationary and stationary vendors respectively (p<0.001). Contamination of street food in Bukavu is multifactorial and hygiene vendors contribute significantly to contamination factor, including unhygienic managers, dirty environment and poor water quality. Hence, sustainable development of communities through good hygiene practices in street foods handling. The government should thus strengthen health checks at street food and ensure their hygienic quality before consumption by the population in order to prevent these diseases and improve health of consumers.

Penanganan Obstruksi Duodenum pada Anjing: Laporan Kasus (Treatment of Duodenum Obstruction in Dogs: Case reports)

Veterinary Hospital of Education Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, received a Golden Retriever with clinical symptoms of anorexia, abdominal pain, vomiting and constipation in April 2016. Blood profile examination showed leukocytosis, erythropenia and low hemoglobin level. Radiographic examination without contrast showed a foreign body which is characterized by a large mass radiopaque in intestinal area. Forty-five minutes after the administration of radiographic contrast, contrast material was still in gastrium and only reached partial intestinal. Endoscopy examination showed there was irritation symptoms of the esophagus to gastrium. Black colored liquid was seen while the endoscope inserted into the gastric. Enterotomy was carried out to remove foreign objects. The foreign body is consisted of bones fragments and the plastic that was eaten by the patient. One week after surgery, the animals showed clinical symptoms and had a good appetite. These case can be prevented by not giving foods that contain animal bones and keeping animals in a dirty environment.

Genetic counseling in an indigenous Filipino community with a high prevalence of A2ML1-related otitis media.

In this report, we describe the knowledge and beliefs on causes and management of otitis media of an indigenous Filipino community with a high prevalence of otitis media that is associated with an A2ML1 variant. Community lectures and individual genetic counseling were provided as intervention. Knowledge, beliefs, and health care-seeking behavior pertaining to otitis media were assessed pre- and post-genetic counseling. Twenty-five heads of households were interviewed. Beliefs regarding etiology of ear discharge varied widely, with swimming in the sea as the most commonly cited cause of ear discharge. During the post-counseling session, poor personal hygiene, dirty environment, and familial inheritance were mentioned as risk factors for otitis media or ear discharge. Knowledge about the genotypes for the A2ML1 variant and otitis media diagnoses within the household influenced beliefs on the role of hygiene and genetic susceptibility to otitis media and attitudes towards health care-seeking behavior. Genetic counseling was associated with variable improvement in knowledge on otitis media and in their understanding of genetic susceptibility to otitis media due to the A2ML1 variant. Language barriers, literacy level, cultural factors, and the complex nature of genetic information made genetic counseling in the particular population a challenge. Insights drawn from this experience recommend follow-up visits in the community.

Mineralogical and Elemental Composition of Pectinatella magnifica and Its Statoblasts

Several massive colonies of Pectinatella magnifica have been observed during the summer almost every year since 1974 in agricultural reservoir ponds and lakes with dirty freshwater environments in Ishikawa, Japan, which has posed serious environmental problems on the shores of Hokuriku District. We collected Pectinatella magnifica during the summer at Kahokugata Lake and Makiyama agricultural reservoir pond in June and July 2016. However, scientific data for the statoblasts of Pectinatella magnifica are limited. Our results for scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analyses of Pectinatella magnifica indicated immobilization of the chemical elements that were involved in the mass during the summer. We also reported the characterization of an invasive species of bryozoan (Pectinatella magnifica) in lakes and ponds in Ishikawa, Japan, based on field observations in 2016. We studied the microstructure, mineralogy, chemical composition, and radioactivity associated with these organisms, using a combination of micro-techniques, SEM-EDS, associated with ICP-MS, and XRD. This study aims to illustrate the capability of Pectinatella magnifica to produce minerals within statoblasts and gelatinous material. Obtained results may indicate forming quartz, palygorskite, dolomite, bischofite, pyrolusite, and pyrite, associated with native sulfur and copper in the statoblast. The mass of gelatinous material contains talc and vermiculite as well as non-crystalline phase. The mechanism of biomineral formation has important implications for water–mineral–organism or microorganism interactions both in lower drainage basin systems, such as Kahokugata Lake, and upper water areas, such as Makiyama agricultural reservoir pond. Many types with variety of sizes and shapes of bryozoan (Pectinatella magnifica) were found in lakes and ponds in Japan. The biomineralization systems will be made available for use not only in researching bryozoans (Pectinatella magnifica), but also for environmental change systems from upstream to downstream of the lake. To date, there have been no reports on related electron microscopy observations, including the real-life occurrence of “bioremediation”. These observations could lead to simple methods of removing statoblasts of the invasive alien species Pectinatella magnifica from agricultural and reservoir environments, because there was limited microbial immobilization of the ions during the winter.

Unobtrusive touch‐free interaction on mobile devices in dirty working environments

AbstractIn this work, we propose a new mode of interaction using hand gestures captured by the back camera of a mobile device. Using a simple intuitive two‐finger picking gesture, the user can perform mouse click and drag‐and‐drop operations from the back of the device, which provides an unobstructed touch‐free interaction. This method allows users to operate on a tablet and maintain full awareness of the display, which is especially suitable for certain working environments, such as the machine shop, garage, kitchen, gym, or construction site, where people's hands may be dirty, wet, or in gloves. The speed, accuracy, and error rate of this interaction have been evaluated and compared with the typical touch interaction in an empirical study. The results show that, although this method is not, in general, as efficient and accurate as direct touch, participants still consider it an effective and intuitive method of interacting with mobile devices in environments where direct touch is impractical.

Assessment of Perinatal Care Satisfaction Amongst Mothers Attending Postnatal Care in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Introduction:Patient satisfaction has been identified as a major index in the assessment of quality of healthcare globally. Mothers judge the quality of perinatal care received based on their satisfaction with the services provided, thus influencing their utilization of the available health facilities. There is currently a dearth of literature on users’ satisfaction of services rendered at the primary level of care, which is the first port of call to the health system aimed at serving majority of the populace.Objectives:The study was set out to investigate maternal satisfaction with perinatal care received in selected primary health centres in Ibadan.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional survey involving 66 women receiving postpartum care from five randomly selected primary health centres in Ibadan north-west local government using a 72-itemed questionnaire with p ≤ 0.05.Findings:The majority of the respondents (98.5%) perceived the perinatal care they received as high quality, and 94% and 98% were satisfied with services and facilities used for their care, respectively. Identified causes of dissatisfaction included dirty hospital environment, inadequate water supply and hospital facilities, distance of hospital location, cost of materials, time wasting, inadequate staffing and poor attitude, and verbal and physical abuse. An association exists between maternal satisfaction with quality of care and future intention for subsequent utilization (χ2 = 13.306; p = 0.0001).Conclusion:The overall maternal satisfaction on the perinatal care provided was perceived as very good. However, few domains of dissatisfaction were identified that would need to be addressed by healthcare professionals and policymakers to sustain and improve utilization of orthodox health care services amongst mothers, thereby contributing to achieving the third Sustainable Development Goal.

Transient Thermal Modeling and Analysis of Railway Traction Motors

This paper presents a practical approach to model and analyze transient thermal effects in air-cooled electric traction motors. The developed thermal modeling method enables accurate estimation of temperature in motor critical parts including winding and bearing. Advantages of both numerical and analytical modeling methods are exploited with the aim of realizing accurate estimation of hot spot temperatures in traction motors while keeping the computation time within a reasonable range. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out to model air flow in the motor in order to provide heat transfer boundary inputs to the developed combined finite-element (FE) and lumped parameter (LP) thermal models. The combination of the FE and LP models keeps the size of the model relatively small and enables running transient calculations reasonably fast. Also, the developed model provides the possibility to study the influence of stator and rotor duct blockages on the motor thermal performance, which is a common root of failure in traction applications during operation in dirty environments. The proposed thermal model is verified using experimental results on a traction motor equipped with temperature sensors at different running conditions and a good agreement between the estimated and measured temperatures is achieved.

Improved pre-copy algorithm using statistical prediction and compression model for efficient live memory migration

Xen hypervisor is used to execute and migrate the guests on different architectures using a pre-copy algorithm. There are three major categories to improve pre-copy using live migration algorithms: 1) reducing dirty pages; 2) predicating dirty pages; 3) compressing memory pages. The methods based on reducing dirty pages can lead to performance degradation so the new approach called combined approach (including prediction and compression) is proposed in this paper. The prediction of dirty pages during a migration is performed using auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. A least recently used (LRU) stack distance-based delta compression algorithm is proposed for compression model to achieve efficient virtual machine migration. The results show that ARIMA-based model is able to predict 93% in the case of high dirty pages environment. The combined approach is able to reduce 19.16% downtime and 10.76% total migration time on an average compared to Xen's pre-copy algorithm.

ECO LEARNING AND HANDICRAFT PLASTIC TRASH TO EDUCATE CHILDREN IN TAMBAK LOROK VILLAGE, SEMARANG

<p>Tambak Lorok is one of the coastal areas in Semarang city which is located along the Banger River, Tanjung Mas district. Tambak Lorok environment is included as a dirty and improper environment for habitation due to the high amount of stingy trash. In fact, the use of plastic and bottle plastic is constantly increasing from year to year. As result, this certainly causes complex problems for both prevention and handling. Because of its characteristic which is difficult to be decomposed by natural decomposer, plastics become the most common and dangerous soil polutor. Using the plastic trash become handcraft is an effort to minimize the disposal of plastics and to save energy resources in a certain extent and to reduce the dependency of imported raw materials. Utilization of plastic trash on a household scale can be done by reusing plastic trash for different purposes, e.g. wall paint places which is made from plastics can be used for piggy bank, verticulture or pencil case. This handicraft from plastic trash is intended for 22 elementary school children in Tambak Lorok village. It can enable them to develop their creativity as well as to have awareness in maintaining environmental hygiene in order to realize Tambak lorok as a marine tourism spot and to support government program for Indonesia free of waste in 2020. Environmental education (eco learning) is very important, especially to maintain the eco-system and environment of the community of Tambak Lorok. Therefore, we try to combine the application of environment-based learning and make handicraft to overcome the problems above. Environmental education by utilizing plastic trash thoroughly is expected to be a stimulus in empowering Tambak Lorok villager as a mean of awareness of the children to the environment and to assist the community in optimizing plastic trash so that people have the ability and potential in fostering environmental care and creative characters.</p><p> </p><p> </p><center><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a></center><p> </p>

Effect of workplace environment cleanliness on judgment of counterproductive work behavior

We examined the association between workplace environment cleanliness and employees' judgment of counterproductive work behavior (CWB). We recruited 59 participants who were employees of a large company in China, and assigned 28 to a clean workroom and 31 to a dirty workroom. We measured their judgment of whether or not behavior was acceptable, using the Counterproductive Work Behavior Checklist. Results showed that participants working in a clean environment tended to regard CWB as less acceptable than did those in a dirty environment, that is, a cleaner environment led to harsher judgment. Results suggested that there is a metaphorical association between environmental cleanliness and moral judgment. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Effects of dirty housing and a Typhimurium DT104 challenge on pig growth performance, diet utilization efficiency, and gas emissions from stored manure.

The objectives of this study were to elucidate the effects of a dirty environment and a challenge plus associated environmental contamination on pig growth performance, diet utilization efficiency, and gas emissions (CO, NH, CH, NO, and HS) from stored manure. Twenty-four weaned barrows, aged 31 d at initiation of the trial, were randomly allotted to 3 different treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments were: pigs housed in cages with manure removed and cages washed daily (Clean); pigs housed in cages sprayed daily with manure slurry mixtures (Dirty); or pigs challenged with Typhimurium DT104 and housed in cages that were not washed, but manure was removed daily ( challenge). Rectal temperature, body weight, daily feed intake, manure output, manure composition, and gas emissions from stored manure were measured throughout the 24-d animal phase. The Dirty and challenge treatments were statistically compared to the Clean treatment to evaluate individual effects. Dirty housing tended to decrease ADG from d 1 to 24 ( = 0.06) but there were no other effects on pig performance compared with the Clean treatment. In contrast, a challenge was associated with a marked reduction in each of the measured indicators of pig performance. challenge increased the carbon to nitrogen ratio, ether extract, and lignin concentrations in excreted manure ( = 0.02, 0.01, 0.003, respectively), and increased manure and head space temperatures in manure tanks ( < 0.0001). Gas emissions from stored manure of pigs on the Dirty or treatments were increased for each of the measured gases as compared to the Clean treatment ( < 0.01) when expressed per unit of BW gain. When gas emissions from manure of pigs housed in the Dirty treatment were expressed per unit of manure volatile solids (VS), they were increased for NH, CH, and HS ( < 0.02). challenge was associated with increased emissions of CO, and NO and decreased emissions of HS per kilogram manure VS compared to the Clean treatment ( = 0.06, 0.03, 0.04, respectively). Collectively, these results indicated that a challenge and associated housing contamination caused depressed growth rate and increased manure gas emissions, while exposure to a Dirty environment slightly reduced growth performance and clearly increased manure gas emissions per unit of BW gain as compared to Clean control.

STUDI KASUS KESEHATAN MATERNAL SUKU MUYU DI DISTRIK MINDIPTANA, KABUPATEN BOVEN DIGOEL

Background : Maternal health problems are often closely related to local specific cultural customs. In the formulation of a policy, the local context often overlooked in decision making that often applied generically the same for the whole region. Objective: To describe maternal health behavior in related with local wisdom and tradition Methods: This research a descriptive qualitative research by using ethnographic approach in the Muyu ethnic-group in Mindiptana District, Boven Digoel. In this research, researchers lived and mingled with Muyu ethnic-group for 60 days (May-June 2014). In the ethnographic research researcher the main instrument. Result: Muyu has a strong belief related with dirty atmosphere which come from maternity and menstruation. This dirty environment could be weakening, or even could loss the power of male Muyu. Its urged community to isolate every Muyu women who will had childbirth. It’s also strongly supported with customary for noncompliance. Conclutions: , Muyu belief women should be isolated during the time of giving birth.. Iptem the dirty blood of women in labor.This exile an obligation that must be run, which reinforced with a fine if it does not comply. Muyu communities’ belief about iptem on labor embodied into home delivery not in the an opportunity that must be arrested. This should be used to shift the pattern of labor is not in the house of origin to deliver in health facilities by health personnel.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK PRODUKSI MASSAL BIOMAS ECENG GONDOK

Siltation and the presence of water hyacinth plants on a sewer/river is a cause of flooding in urban areas (beaches). Water hyacinth grows fast in rivers, sewer, boezem, lake and or water storage areas, which impedes the water flow and encourages a silting. Rivers dredging or reservoirs of waste water hyacinths just stacked on the edge of river that makes the dirty environment. The research aims to develop a composting technique made from water hyacinth in a mass scale. Factorial experimental treatments (1) Packaging B1: open, B2: plastic bags (glangsing), and B3: buried; and (2) Starter S1: mixture EM4 30%, S2: mixture EM4 20% + urea 1kg/3 liter, and S3: mixture EM4 10% + urea 2 kg/3 liter, so there are nine treatment combinations. Experimental units are water hyacinth biomass as much as one cubic, nine cubic overall. The research results devoted to volume shrinkage, variable temperature, pH, change in smell, colour and biomass texture of water hyacinth during the first two weeks showed a high variation among treatments, but in the fifth week, all of variables were homogeneous relatively and showed almost complete indicators of composting process. Depreciation amounted to 68-78% volume, temperature 26-29oC, pH of 7.0-7.5; texture is brittle, blackish brown color and relatively odorless. C/N biomass ratio at composting mass of water hyacinth from 33-37, and at fifth week the results are varied for the treatment of S1, S2B1, and S3B1 value is still above 20 while the other is below 20, and the lowest at 16.9 S3B3 treatment.&#x0D; Keywords: Composting technology mass, Water hyacinth biomass, Starter, Packaging