Directive Speech Acts Research Articles

Speech Act Analysis of Harry and Meghan’s Interview with Oprah Winfrey on CBS Morning News Show

This article is aimed at finding out types of illocutionary acts found in one of the most shocking viral interviews in the world, that is the interview with the royal family of former member, Harry and Meghan Markle interviewed by Oprah Winfrey, with amount of viewership of 4.79 million viewers when it first shows on air. This research is framed within mixed-method approach where the results of the study are in the form of an overview of what is said (illocutionary acts) by the three main subjects, namely Harry, Meghan, and Oprah and the percentage of each type of illocutionary acts. Data analysis was conducted through the analysis of interview videos along with the transcripts, simple statistical analysis and is supported by literature study. The results of the current study show that from 319 data of 644 sentences indicated as illocutionary acts. From those findings, it can be categorized that there are five types of illocutionary acts were found in an interview, they are 63% assertive, 27% directives, 0,6% commissive, 7,3% expressive, and 0,3% declarative. In other words, assertive is found to be the dominant type of illocutionary acts. In addition, of the 319 data, 295 data are categorized as direct speech act and 24 data are indicated as indirect speech act. In short, illocutionary acts of assertive type and direct speech acts are found to be more dominant in Harry and Meghan interview with Oprah Winfrey.

Illocutionary Speech Acts on Stickers as Promotional Media of Mangroves Ecotourism in Bangkalan, Madura

The primary goal of this research is to find the lingual forms and meanings of the language in vehicle stickers used as promotional media to increase ecotourism possibilities throughout the Mangroves Ecotourism area of Bangkalan by means of illocutionary speech acts. In this research, the descriptive and qualitative research methods were used. The data for this research came from a form of vehicle sticker that was first investigated to promote Mangrove Ecotourism in Bangkalan, Madura. The following Mangrove Ecotourism sites were included in this research: Labuhan Mangrove Education Park Bangkalan, Mangrove Martajasah, and Mangrove Tajungan, Kamal. The research carried out adopted George Yule's pragmatic theory and J.R Searle's illocutionary speech act as the theoretical framework, which provides a good explanation of the representative speech act, directive speech act, expressive speech act, commissive speech act, and declarative speech act. Then, concluded that directive speech act plays a major form of this research’s finding and discussion and representative speech act as the second form whose type is commonly used in the sticker as promotional media.

A DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN THE BLIND SIDE MOVIE BY JOHN LEE HANCOCK

A speech act is an act performed by saying something. This study aims : 1) to find_out_thetypes of locutionary act, 2) to find out the types of perlocutionary act, and 3) to find out thetypes of illocutionary act in The Blind Side movie by John Lee Hancock. Moreover, this studyconcerned on the use of directive speech act. The researcher used qualitative method with thetype of a library research to describe and analyze the utterances that consisted of speech act.The method of collecting data is non-participant observation and documentation. Interactivemodel data of analysis used to analyze the data. The result of this study showed that : 1) therewere 227 utterances consisted of locutionary act which had no types, 2) there are 227utterances consisted of perlocutionary act which had no types and 3) there are 227 utterancesconsisted of illocutionary act which included asserives, declaratives, commisives, expressivesand declaratives. Furthermore, the writer found 131 utterances consisted of directive speechact which had 31 of requirements, 64 of questions, 20 of requestives, 6 of prohibitives, 3 ofpermissives and 7 of advisories. From the result of this research, the questions types inDirective Speech Act was the most dominant used by major and minor character as thespeakers.Keywords : Locutionary Acts, Perlocutionary Acts, Illocutionary Acts, DirectiveSpeech Act, A Qualitative Research

Tindak Tutur Direktif dalam Novel Azzamine Karya Sophie Aulia

This study aims to describe: (1) the types of directive speech acts in the novel Azzamine by Sophie Aulia. (2) the strategy of directive speech action in the novel Azzamine by Sophie Aulia. (3) the function of directive speech in the novel Azzamine by Sophie Aulia. The object of this research is Sophie Aulia's novel Azzamine which was published in 2022. "Directive speech can be seen in direct communication and can also be seen in a written book in the form of a novel. As a fictional writing, the novel shows the storyline through dialogue between characters. Dialogue in a novel is a form of speech in a certain unique situation or position of speech. This study was conducted to describe (1) the types of directive speech acts in the novel Azzamine by Sophie Aulia, (2) the strategy of directive speech actions in the novel Azzamine by Sophie Aulia, and (3) the function of directive speech acts in the novel Azzamine by Sophie Aulia. This research is a qualitative research using the description method. The data source used in this study is the dialogue of all the characters in Sophie Aulia's novel Azzamine which contains directive speech. The data collection technique in this study, the researcher utilizes the corpus linguistic method using Kortara for data collection and classifies the amount of data that is believed to be included in the act of directive speech. Data analysis is carried out in several steps as follows: (1) identifying data classified as a type of directive speech act using the KORTARA application, (2) classifying data based on research objectives, (3) analyzing the classified data, (5) formulating conclusions from the analysis results. Based on data analysis, three research findings were found. First, there are 5 types of directive speech acts, namely, directive speech acts of instructing, directive speech acts of probing, directive speech acts of demanding, and directive speech acts of defiance. The most dominant directive speech is the directive speech act of ordering and the least used is the act of challenging directive speech. Second, five speaking strategies, namely, "speaking frankly without further ado (BTTB), speaking frankly with positive politeness (BBKP), speaking frankly with negative politeness (BTBKN), vague speaking strategy (BSS), and speaking in the heart or silence (BDH). The most dominant speaking strategy is the strategy of speaking frankly without further ado (BTTB) and the least used is the strategy of speaking in the heart or silently (BDH). Third, the four functions of directive speech acts, namely, competitive functions, convivial functions, collaborative functions, and conflictive functions. The most dominant function of directive speech is the competitive function and the least used is the collaborative function, and the conflictive function.

DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN UMAR BIN KHATTAB'S SPEECH WHEN HE WAS APPOINTED AS CALIPH: A PRAGMATICS STUDY

This study discusses the directive act of directive speech delivered by Umar bin Khattab, which aims to influence the thoughts and actions of Muslims. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative approach, aiming to describe and interpret the data as it is. The data collection method used is the listening method with the free listening technique (SBC) and the recording technique. The collected data was then analyzed using a matching method and a pragmatic sorting technique, and an analysis of the strategies based on the theory of Brown and Levinson (1987). The results of this study identified 34 utterances containing directive speech acts in the five speeches of Umar bin Khattab, which are categorized into 9 requests, 18 commands, 3 requesting attention, 1 prohibition, and 1 type of warning.

An Analysis of Speech Acts in English Lesson in Madrasah Aliyah Al Irsyad Tengaran

This study aims to investigate the speech act used by the teacher and students in an English lesson in Grade X of MA Al Irsyad Tengaran. It is designed as a qualitative research. The data were gathered by observing the class and recording the lesson, and then the data was analyzed to get the result. The result indicates that the directive speech act is the most frequently used in teaching and learning. It can be seen from the data that directive speech is the highest, i.e., 145 utterances or 49,5%, followed by representatives with 103 utterances or 35,2%. Commissives with 27 utterances or equal with 9,2%, and the last one is expressive with 18 utterances or 6,1% from the total of approximately 293 utterances. The dominance of directive speech acts in English learning shows that the teacher plays a vital role in directing and managing class activities. Clear and firm instructions from teachers help create a structured and controlled learning environment, allowing students to follow directions well and understand assigned tasks.

Tindak Tutur Ilokusi Direktif dan Ekspresif dalam Film Preman Bange Episode 1-29 di Youtube Pagaralam Channel

The formulation of the problem in this study is How is the directive and expressive illocutionary speech acts in the film Preman Bange episode 1-29 on youtube Pagaralam channel? The purpose of this study is to describe the directive and expressive illocutionary speech acts in the film Preman Bange episode 1-29 on youtube Pagaralam channel. This research method uses descriptive method, based on the results of the study obtained four directive speech acts namely commanding, requesting and advising speech acts, and recommending sema with directive speech acts, while expressive speech acts found three speech acts namely saying thank you, apologizing and criticizing. From the movie Preman Bange episode 1-29, 110 directive and expressive speech acts were obtained, including 77 directive speech acts and 33 expressive speech acts, the directive speech act of commanding obtained 72 utterances, the directive speech act of asking obtained 3 utterances, and the speech act of advising obtained 7 utterances, while the expressive speech act of thanking obtained 15 utterances, the speech act of apologizing there were 8 utterances, and the expressive speech act of criticizing obtained 3 utterances.

PERLOCATIVE PRAGMATICS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT INTERROGATIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The article analyzes the concepts of categories of direct and indirect communication in linguistics, types and features of indirect interrogative speech acts, reveals the prelocutive pragmatics of direct and indirect interrogative speech acts in the Kazakh language. Namely: if the direct meaning of interrogative sentences is getting an answer, then indirect questions are used in such functions as showing politeness, indirect posing a question, emphasizing a request, posing a question in a suspicious expression, transmitting a request with gestures, evaluation, resentment, chagrin. In a direct interrogative speech act, the illocutionary effect is expressed through the linguistic meaning of the linguistic means that make up speech, while the perlocutionary pragmatics of indirect interrogative speech acts depends on the use of language units in a figurative sense, on the background knowledge of the speaker and listener and the conditions of communication. At the same time, an indirect interrogative speech act enhances the artistic potential of the language and allows expressing various semantic shades.The study used methods of structural grammar «from form to meaning», functional grammar «from meaning to form», structural-semantic description, functional-semantic and contextual analysis, differentiation and hypothetical interpretation.The scientific and theoretical basis of the scientific conclusions obtained in the course of the study were the works on structural, communicative, functional grammar and pragmatic linguistics in linguistics. In addition, the given language examples from various sources (colloquial speech, works of poets and writers) contributed to the argumentation of scientific and practical conclusions presented in the article

KONTEMPLASI TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF DALAM KITAB SUCI TRIPITAKA DHAMMAPADA SYAIR DANDAVAGGA

This research aims to describe the use of directive speech acts found in the Dandavagga Chapter of theTripitaka Dhammapada Holy Book. This research data was taken from various sources of speech actliterature studies and the Tripitaka holy book, namely the Dhammapada Chapter of Dandavagga whichcontains 13 holy verses. The methodology used uses a qualitative approach. The results of the researchfound based on in-depth discussion and analysis illustrate the pattern of trends in the type of directivespeech, namely advice is found most often at 7, warning at 4, command at 1, invitation at 0, andprohibition at 1. The directive speech act of advice is the most dominant speech act. In the Dandavaggapoetry, it is perpendicular to the stated aim, namely providing advice to mankind, emphasizing howimportant it is to avoid evil acts, avoid inappropriate actions that can lead to punishment, and achievethe essence of life, namely happiness

Gender Representation in Directive Speech Acts of Teachers: A Study on Indonesian Language Learning in Automotive Vocational High Schools in Pasaman District

This study aims to examine gender representation in directive speech acts of Indonesian language teachers in Pasaman Regency Automotive Department Vocational Schools. Included in the type of qualitative research, this research applies descriptive analysis method. The research data is in the form of directive speech of male teachers and female teachers in Indonesian language learning at SMK Department of Automotive Pasaman Regency. It can be concluded that Indonesian teachers use various forms of directive speech acts, such as directions, orders, and instructions to students. Variants of the use of directive speech acts also show variations between male and female teachers, with three dominant variants commonly used by male teachers and five variants commonly used by female teachers. The results also reveal that female teachers tend to use the speech act of ordering or commanding as the dominant form, although they also show a sense of solidarity by using the speech acts of suggesting and advising. On the other hand, male teachers are more inclined to the direct approach and commanding without preamble. This difference reflects the complexity of the relationship between men's and women's language and thinking in the learning context.

Analysis of A Dream of Red Mansions Character Dialogue based on Speech Act Theory

Based on the speech act theory of J·L·Austin and J·R ·Searle, this paper takes some dialogues in Luo Guanzhong’s A Dream of Red Mansions as the research object, and analyzes the dialogues of the characters in the novel from the two dimensions of direct speech act and introduction speech act, so as to understand the implied meaning of the characters in the novel, the connotation and value of the work more deeply, which is helpful for readers to better understand the plot and character characteristics of A Dream of Red Mansions.

Speech Acts on Instagram comments about G20 Indonesia

Speech acts in someone's comments show a person's perception, interpretation and attitude towards something they read. This research aims to reveal the reading position in the comments of 3 posts on Instagram @indonesia.g20. The focus of this research is to describe the forms of comment speech acts on Instagram and show the reading position. The data source for this research has been the Instagram account @indonesia.g20 as the official Instagram account for the 2022 Indonesian G20 Presidency. This research method uses a mixed method. Comment data was analyzed using a speech act analysis framework and a reading position analysis framework. Quantitatively this research found 37 comments which included comments with 22% assertive speech act, 32% directive speech act, and 46% expressive speech acts. Meanwhile, reading positions based on performative speech acts include hegemonic reading position 62%, negotiated reading position 27%, and oppositional reading position 11%. Qualitatively it can be concluded that the comments on the 3 Instagram posts are positive comments in the form of expressive speech acts. This means that these commentators tend to like and support the implementation of the 2022 G20 Indonesia presidency on Instagram.

The Taxonomy of Denial as a Speech Act

This paper presents a critical examination of the classification of Denial within Speech Act Theory, advocating for its redefinition from an assertive to a directive speech act. Drawing upon the foundational principles established by J.L. Austin (1962) and further developed by John Searle (1969, 1979), the study applies Searle's twelve dimensions of illocutionary acts to Denial. Through this analytical framework, the paper demonstrates that Denial transcends the mere negation of propositions, actively engaging in modifying the hearer's beliefs or actions, a characteristic inherent to directive acts. The analysis highlights the dual nature of Denial, which not only contests a given proposition but also, and more importantly, endeavours to influence the listener's perspective or behaviour. This re-evaluation challenges traditional views and enriches the discourse on linguistic pragmatics by advocating for a more nuanced and context-sensitive approach to speech act classification. By reclassifying Denial as a directive, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of communicative practices, emphasising the strategic use of language in social interactions and the complex dynamics of speech acts in communication. This reassessment calls for a broader reconsideration of speech act classifications, marking a step towards a more comprehensive representation of language functions within linguistic pragmatics and opening avenues for future research.

Directive Speech Acts Used in Lady Gaga’s Singles (from the Albums The Fame, The Fame Monster, and Born This Way)

This research paper aims to examine the use of speech acts of directive utterances in Lady Gaga’s singles. This study explores the lyrics of 13 different singles from the albums The Fame (2008), The Fame Monster (2009), and Born This Way (2011). In finding the directive utterances in the lyrics, this study applies the semantic theory of speech acts as proposed by Kreidler (1998). Three kinds of directive utterances can be recognized: commands, requests, and suggestions. These can be either in positive or negative expressions. This study finds that there are 48 directive utterances used in the 13 singles for this study in total, with the composition: 12 commands (25%), with 10 positives and 2 negatives, 25 requests (52%), with 19 positives and 6 negatives, and 11 suggestions (23%), with 10 positives and 1 negative. While according to positive or negative expressions, there 39 positives (81%) and 9 negatives (19%) expressions.

Un flux de activități didactice pentru dezvoltarea competenței pragmatice în limba română ca limbă străină

The following article discusses various strategies on how to develop L2 pragmatics in a classroom setting. Drawing on the importance of developing learners’ pluricultural repertoire raised by the Companion Volume of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) (Council of Europe 2020), we will argue in favour of developing the pragmatic competence together with the intercultural communicative competence (Byram 1997). In the study case we suggest – ordering at the restaurant – we put forward a string of didactic activities as a possibile teaching resource for teachers of Romanian as a second language in multicultural environments. The article is divided into six sections, as follows: 1) Introduction; 2) CEFR on the pluricultural repertoire; 3) On the intercultural competence and the intercultural communicative competence; 4) Case study – teaching a directive speech act (how to order at a restaurant) in Romanian; 5) Conclusions; 6) Annex 1 to the article consisting in the transcripts used for the case study.

Analysis of Commissive, Directive and Expressive Speech Acts in the Film the God Father Director Francis Ford Coppola

The God Father is a 1972 American crime film, directed by Francis Ford Coppola and with a screenplay by Mario Puzo and Coppola. The aim of this research is to describe commissive, directive and expressive speech acts in the film The Godfather. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection technique used is documentation technique. Data analysis techniques include description, classification, analysis, data interpretation, evaluation and conclusion stages. The results of this research show that there were 9 types of commissive speech acts found in the film The God Father, 5 in promising utterances, and 4 in swearing utterances. In the directive speech in the film The God Father, 26 types of speech were found, 7 in pleading speech, 2 in demanding speech, 10 in suggesting speech, and 7 in challenging speech. In the expressive speech in the film The God Father, 20 types of speech were found, 10 were praise speech, 4 were thanking speech, 3 were criticizing speech, and 3 were complaining speech.

Directive Speech Acts in the Dialogue of the Film Heaven That Is Not Missed 3 Director Pritagita Arianegara

Speech acts in general are not only used in the process of interaction between individuals, but can also be used in literary works, one of which is film. Film is a literary work that has a dominant use of speech acts. This is proven by the variety of speech acts shown through communication between characters in the film. One form of speech act is a directive speech act. This research discusses directive speech acts and speaking strategies used in the film Surga Yang Tak Missed 3 directed by Pritagita Arianegara. This research aims to describe the forms of directive speech acts and the speaking strategies used in each form of directive speech. The theory used is Searle's theory (2005). This research uses a content analysis method with a qualitative approach. The data source for this research is the dialogue from the film Heaven Yang Not Missed 3 directed by Pritagita Arianegara. This research data is oral data that contains directive speech acts and fulfills speaking strategies. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that commanding speech and direct and literal speaking strategies are the most frequently occurring forms of directive speech acts. This is because commanding speech dominates some forms of directive speech acts and is generally conveyed explicitly in the dialogue of this film. Meanwhile, pleading speech and indirect and non-literal speaking strategies were the fewest data found. This is because there are not many pleading words uttered by the characters and there are not many implied statements in this film

SUBTITLING STRATEGY AND READABILITY OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN GENSHIN IMPACT PROLOGUE CHAPTER SUBTITLE

The phenomenon of gaming easily accessible online getting popular leads to the advancement not only on technological aspect of game, but also on the interaction of the game and users. Accordingly, subtitling strategy and readability of directive speech act in genshin impact prologue chapter subtitle becomes the main concerns of this study. Based on subtitling strategy by Gottlieb (1992), translation quality assessment by Nababan (2012), and directive speech act theory by Searle (1976), this study aimed to identify and analyze those aspect in video game Genshin Impact prologue chapter subtitle. The data were gathered from subtitle of prologue chapter of video game Genshin Impact. This research was conducted by using descriptive qualitative and quantitative method, also with total sampling method for answering the research questions. The results showed that there are 5 types of directive speech act that found, 7 of 10 strategies of subtitling that applied, and the readability level of the translation was readable. The study concluded that the data were utterances between the characters are explanations and introductions of the game since the data were on the prologue chapter. Then, the quality of readability in subtitle was considered readable due to most frequently used strategy was paraphrase. Keywords: translation, subtitling strategy, directive speech act, readability, genshin impact

SPEECH ACTS USED BY JO MARCH IN MOVIE “LITTLE WOMEN 2019”

This research studies the speech acts of Jo March the main character in the movie Little Women 2019 and aims to find out the type and form of speech acts in Jo's utterances and which one is the most dominant. The speech act is a theory that examines the meaning of language based on the relationship between utterances and actions performed by speakers and hearers to communicate something. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method to obtain data. The writer collected data by watching the movie of Little Women 2019. In investigating Jo's speech acts, this study applied Searle's (1979) theory of speech acts in analyzing the utterances produced by Jo in the movie Little Women. There are five types of speech acts used by Jo, including assertive with 5 utterances, directive with 10 utterances, commissive with 6 expressive utterances with 9 utterances, and declarative with 2 utterances. So, the amount of data is 32 data and the most dominant speech act used by Jo is the directive speech act.

Study of Directive Speech Acts in Online Loans Advertisement Discourse

Study of Directive Speech Acts in Online Loans Advertisement Discourse