Directions Of State Regulation Research Articles

Экологическая безопасность через призму правового регулирования возобновляемой энергетики в России

The article is devoted to an urgent problem in the field of environmental safety – the legal regulation of renewable energy in Russia at the level of federal legislation, as well as trends in the field of program normative regulation in the context of long-term planning until 2050. The method of special normative regulation in the field of renewable energy chosen by the legislator is determined by the directions of state regulation in the area under consideration. The basis for long-term programmatic legal regulation is the combination of traditional and renewable energy, which is necessary for the country’s energy security. On the other hand, a serious problem of legal regulation has been identified: at the level of federal legislation, there is a legal gap in the issue of the relationship between the concepts of “energy resource” and “non-renewable energy sources”, which is the reason for finalizing the current legislation. The result of the study is recommendations to reflect in the legal regulation of renewable energy, which is programmatic and long-term in nature, not the principle of priority of renewable energy sources (RES), but the principle of combining traditional and renewable energy and its development, taking into account the interests of the country’s energy security. Thus, the actual preservation of the priority of traditional energy and the development of energy based on renewable energy sources within the framework of regulatory long-term planning based on state support determine the main direction of developing the country’s environmental safety system for the coming decades.

Innovation-digital direction of the development in the context of the regional asymmetry

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the directions of state regulation of the processes of information and digital development, which will contribute to the reduction of the processes of differentiation of the development of regional economic systems. The study used an institutional approach that allows with a high degree of subordination, logic and consistency to study the diverse phenomena and processes associated with innovation and digital development, to take into account not only changes in formal and informal institutions, but also changes in global economic processes. self-identification of regions. The tools of state regulation of innovation and digital development of the regions should be singled out. The role and importance of informal institutions of innovation and digital development of regions are outlined. Direct and indirect methods of supporting scientific, technical and innovative activities are identified. The necessity of formation of strategic directions of innovation and digital development of regions is proved.

Important Aspects of Region’s Investment Processes Stimulation

Investments are considered the most effective means of business recovery. A favorable investment climate is formed by the normative-legal and economic activity of the state. Accordingly, the article discusses the main directions of state regulation of investment activity. Limited investment resources are a major challenge for the effective development of the region, implementation of strategic goals and objectives. Its solution largely determines the modernization of business, which determines the development of the region and its investment attractiveness. Investments should be attracted in such areas of business, the realization of which will contribute to the development of the regions. In this regard, the most promising fields in Georgia are: tourism, energy, construction, agriculture, transport and communications. Taking into account national-state interests, the volume of investments in the structure of foreign investments should be increased, which will be directed to the revival and development of production. Integrated territorial investment measures must meet the different and diverse needs of different territories. Keywords: Business, Region, Investments, Competitiveness, Infrastructure, inflation.

Classification of Hospitality Enterprises as a Course of State Regulation of the Quality of Hospitality Services in the Russian Federation: Prospects and Challenges

The article improve the ways of developing a classification system for hotel enterprises in the Russian Federation and the analysis of the results of its implementation. The relevance of the research is confirmed by the high role of instruments of state regulation of the hotel sector in terms of quality improving in hospitality. The authors put forward the hypothesis that the main goal of mandatory classification of hotel enterprises in the Russian Federation as a direction of state regulation of hotel services quality will be achieved if the quality is ensured by three main components: quality management system, material and technical base and qualified personnel. Methods and materials used in the work include analytical approaches of systemic, retrospective, expert analysis and sociological research. According to the results of the study of the totality of hotel enterprises that have passed the classification procedure, it is concluded that there is a comprehensive approach lack to this procedure on the part of the management of hotel enterprises, competent distribution of tasks and setting clear deadlines for the implementation of measures not only to update the material and technical base for compliance with the declared category, but also to introduce appropriate service processes, their operational management system and timely and regular staff training. The authors give recommendations for developing an effective model of hotel administration, which will help to solve the identified problems, including those based on the existing legal regulations.

Оценка готовности сельских территорий к цифровой трансформации социальной сферы

Abstract. The article focuses on the special role of digital transformation in the development of the social sphere of rural areas. Today, one of the strategic tasks of the state is the transformation of socially significant areas through the introduction of digital technologies (platform solutions) and digitalization of management or separate areas of interaction. The purpose of this article is to clarify the theoretical foundations and provisions that determine the processes of digital transformation of the social sphere of rural areas, the use of which allows the most effective approach to the financial and resource support of transformation processes. The objectives of the study were to substantiate the methodology for assessing the level of readiness of the social sphere of rural areas for digital transformation, a system of indicators and the use of the results obtained for practical use in managing the development of rural areas. Methods. The methodological basis of this article is formed by the general scientific principles of the systems approach; methods of analysis - logical, factorial, comparative, strategic; methods of quantitative and qualitative research of the main trends and directions of digital transformation of the social sphere. Scientific novelty. The author clarified the system of indicators and developed the author's method for calculating the assessment of the level of readiness of the social sphere of rural areas for digital transformation. Also, the author's assessment method, in contrast to the existing ones, makes it possible to determine the zones of growth and containment of the digital transformation of the social sphere of specific rural areas through the analysis of the components. Results. As a result of the study, the author tested the author's methodology for assessing the readiness of the social sphere of rural areas for digital transformation and analyzed a typical rural area: zones of growth and containment of digital transformation were identified, and directions of state regulation and support of the processes of digital transformation of the social sphere were proposed.

Material and technical base of grain production in the Republic of Kazakhstan: current state and prospects

The goal is to analyze the current state of grain production in economically developed countries and Kazakhstan, its interaction with material and technical support. Methods - the theoretical and methodological basis of the study includes the fundamental development and concepts of domestic and foreign scientists on the acceleration of the technical equipment of grain sub-complex, the provisions of modern economic theory, regulatory documents and legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the process of studying these problems, the following methods were applied: system analysis, monographic, economic statistics. Results - the main directions of State regulation of this sub-sector of the agro-industrial complex were analyzed. The prospects for the development of grain farming are shown, aspects of replenishment of fixed assets, introduction of innovations, new technologies and techniques are considered. The coefficients of withdrawal and renewal of the machine and tractor facilities (MTF), the average age of tractors and combines have been calculated. The industry, despite its significant potential, retains imbalances and remains noncompetitive. There is a low investment activity of foreign capital. Conclusions - the state of the MTF of agricultural enterprises in grain sector is extremely unsatisfactory, the possibility of its replenishment is significantly lower than the rate of decommissioning of outdated agricultural equipment, which leads to the increased load on one tractor and combine harvester. In turn, high cost of new machines does not allow agricultural producers to purchase equipment, introduce modernized models that ensure the use of modern, including resource-saving technologies. There is a need for program measures to promote the development of agricultural engineering.

ПОДАТКОВЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТА СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ СФЕРИ УКРАЇНИ

Анотація. Податкове регулювання скорочує невизначеність майбутніх податкових витрат економічних суб’єктів і ступінь їхньої адаптації до агресивного зовнішнього середовища. Саме тому особливості процесу оподаткування, його значущість для економіки країни в цілому та кожного платника податків зокрема викликають необхідність виділення системи управління податковими платежами в самостійну галузь фінансового менеджменту та окремий науково-практичний напрям економічної думки в Україні. На даний час в Україні застосовуються окремі елементи і прийоми податкового регулювання, але відсутня цілісна теоретична і методологічна база, на якій повинна будуватися система відповідних практичних рішень, заходів і механізмів управління податками як на рівні суб’єктів господарювання, так і всього податкового процесу країни. Тому необхідність виділення системи управління податками в особливу галузь наукових знань очевидна. Складність і мінливість сучасного економічного середовища, невизначеність і ризиковість функціонування підприємств і державного фінансового господарства примушують підвести наукове підґрунтя під процес податкового регулювання з урахуванням реалій ринкової економіки. Причому, з ускладненням податкових систем і економічних зв’язків під впливом процесів глобалізації роль податкового регулювання зростає. Особливо це стосується сучасної України, де ринкові відносини та інститути ще остаточно не сформовані. Регулювання податкових платежів українськими підприємствами також вимагає свого методологічного обґрунтування і практичного розвитку. Корпоративне податкове регулювання повинно стати однією з найважливіших функцій управління підприємством, яка, на жаль, поки що застосовується безсистемно і здебільшого в цілях мінімізації (замість оптимізації) податкових платежів. Зазначене свідчить про надзвичайну важливість наукового розв’язання проблеми податкового регулювання в контексті організації управління податками на підприємстві. Податкова політика України, як основний напрям реалізації її фінансової діяльності, є ключовим чинником державотворення. Регулювання соціальної сфери засобами податкової політики є одним із найважливіших напрямів державного регулювання, насамперед, в умовах нестабільної економіки. Ознайомлено з ключовими напрямами податкової політики держави відповідно до пріоритетів соціальної сфери. Основне завдання полягає в аналізі тенденцій податкового регулювання у контексті соціальних процесів. Запропоновано кілька дієвих інструментів податкового регулювання соціальної сфери України. Проведено порівняльний аналіз особливостей застосування інструментів податкового регулювання соціальних процесів у вітчизняній практиці. Наведено порівняльну характеристику механізмів зниження податкових платежів. Виявлено тенденції розвитку податкової системи України в контексті соціальних процесів. Визначено соціальні аспекти реалізації антикризової податкової політики. Розроблено науково-методичні та практичні рекомендації щодо підвищення ефективності податкового регулювання соціального розвитку. Ключові слова: податкове регулювання, соціальна сфера, податок, оподаткування, державні гарантії. Формул: 0; рис.: 0; табл.: 2; бібл.: 11.

Analysis of the effectiveness of state regulation of the agro-industrial complex on the example of several countries

This article examines the effectiveness of state regulation of the agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation. An assessment of the main legal problems in this area is given. On the example of foreign countries, various approaches to the reform of the agricultural industry are analyzed. The author examines the reforms in the field of agro-industrial complex and assesses their effectiveness. The main programs and directions of the studied field of economics are given. The provisions of federal laws, civil, tax, and land codes of several countries and other regulatory legal acts were considered. Conclusions are formulated about the main most optimal and necessary directions of state regulation. The author expresses the opinion about the need for certain actions in the state policy on the regulation and support of agro-industrial production.

Дифференциация потребления услуг розничной торговли в Хабаровском крае

The lack of trade services can lead to a decrease in the quality of life of the population, and as a result, the outflow of the population to other regions. It is necessary to assess the dynamics, scale and level of retail trade development in the Khabarovsk Territory, to assess the intraregional differentiation of the population's access to retail trade services. Conclusions are drawn about an increase in the concentration of trade in the cities of Khabarovsk and Komsomolsk-on-Amur, as well as an increase in the differentiation in the consumption of retail trade services in the regions of the region. Areas with insufficient provision of retail space were identified. The directions of state regulation in this matter are proposed.

Modern trends in the development of agrarian sector

The paper is relevant due to the need to ensure the sound functioning of all links constituting the economic agrarian sector by deepening research and elaborating recommendations to improve the economic mechanism for managing rural commodity producers in the face of fierce competition in the global food market. The paper proposes development trends and rationale for priority directions to nourish agrarian business and agricultural production. The paper is devoted to a comprehensive study of the current agrarian sector of the economy and the priority areas for sustainable agrarian business entities functioning in modern conditions of external and internal socio-political challenges. It provides a scientific rationale for the directions of state regulation of processes in rural areas. It defines the priority strategic directions for agrarian sector to flourish, improving the mechanisms of state regulation of agriculture. The theoretical provisions and practical recommendations proposed in the paper will solve the problem of sustainable growth in the production of competitive agricultural products, increasing the efficiency of state support, strengthening the economy of agricultural producers and ensuring the socio-economic development of rural areas.

The main directions of state regulation of the economy

The main directions of state regulation of the economy

Assessment of Dominant Trends in Housing Construction Market in Russia

The article is devoted to the research and assessment of dominant trends in the development of the housing construction market in Russia. The relevance of the study is determined by the role of the housing construction market as a driver of economic development of territories. The purpose of the study is to assess the current trends in the development of housing construction.The conducted analysis showed that the condition and dominant trends of the housing construction market generally corresponded to the negative macroeconomic situation in 2020. The factors that caused the negative trends in the development of the housing construction market are identified and their consequences are assessed. The authors believe that timely identification and assessment of dominant trends in the housing construction market allow predicting possible directions of its development, which in turn allow specifying directions of state regulation of the housing sector necessary to maintain stability of the industry and its balanced development.

Main directions of state regulation, support and stimulation of pig-breeding sub-sector and pig production market in Russia

Main directions of state regulation, support and stimulation of pig-breeding sub-sector and pig production market in Russia

РАЗВИТИЕ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ НОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАЛЬНОСТИ

In the modern economic conditions, called by domestic and foreign economists a new economic reality, there is a change in the development paradigm of the country’s economy key sector - the agricultural production. The article presents fundamentally new directions for the development of global economy and individual national economies, as well as the agricultural sector. The main features of the new economic reality manifestation in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy are established and substantiated. The digital transformation of the industry is considered as the basis for increasing the competitiveness of agricultural production, the vector of which is aimed at its large-scale transformation. Particular attention is paid to the structural changes in the development of the Russian agricultural sector in the framework of the national priorities implementation. In particular, the implementation of an export-oriented strategy in the agricultural sector, together with the processes of its digital transformation, is presented as tools that determine a qualitatively new model of economic growth in agriculture. It has been substantiated that the strategic vector of development of the agrarian structure in rural areas of Russia will be determined by the regularities of the functioning of small forms of farming in the countryside, their integration through the system of agricultural cooperation. The practical significance of the article is due to the fact that it presents the institutional environment for the functioning of the agrarian sector of the Russian economy in the new Russian reality, which includes directions of state regulation of the industry, contributing to the adaptation of agricultural producers to the prevailing economic conditions. Special attention is paid to the export potential of the agrarian sector, which determines the basic characteristics of agricultural development in the context of a new economic (post-pandemic) reality.

Classification of State Regulation Principles in the Field of Air Transport

It has been established that the principles of state regulation in the field of air transport can be defined as an objectively determined set of basic requirements, rules and standards, compliance with which is ensured by state coercive force, which are key guidelines for streamlining with the use of regulatory measures of public and legal relations between subjects and objects of aviation activity and provision of aviation services.
 It has been offered to classify these principles according to the following criteria: 1) direction of state regulation (in the field of air transport, in the field of airports and civil airfields activities, in the field of using aircraft, in the sphere of organization of air traffic and airspace, in the field of ensuring public order and safety in air transport, in the field of training aviation personnel); 2) scope of activity (general and special).
 It has been offered to include the rule of law, legality, economic validity (feasibility), adequacy, efficiency, balance of state influence (combination of legal and economic means of regulatory influence), predictability and transparency into the general principles of state regulation in the field of air transport. The content of these principles has been characterized.
 The significance and peculiarities of the observance of special principles of state regulation in the field of air transport (creation of equal conditions for the development of economic activity of air transport enterprises, social orientation, stimulation of national air producers, safety of air transportation, priority of environmental needs, principle of technical support) have been revealed.
 It has been concluded that the compliance with the principles of state regulation in the field of air transport will create a fundamental basis for sustainable development of the entire sector, introduce effective conditions for a free and competitive market of air services and air transportation in Ukraine, and ensure Ukraine’s participation in large international transport projects and complex international programs with preferential funding conditions. It has been offered to supplement the Air Code of Ukraine with the Art. 41 “Purpose, objectives and principles of state regulation in the field of air transport of Ukraine”.

Directorate for Trade and Consumer Cooperation in 1946-1950: Interaction of Central and Local Authorities (Tyumen region)

The article is devoted to the historical experience of interaction between the Main Directorate for Trade and Consumer Cooperation under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (Glavukoop) and subordinate bodies, in particular, as an example of a senior inspector of the Main Directorate for Trade and Consumer Cooperation of the Tyumen Region. On the basis of archival materials introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, organizational and legal issues of creating both central and local governing and control bodies over the activities of cooperative organizations, their structure and composition are considered. The documents used in the work reveal the specifics of the activities of various types of cooperative associations in the Tyumen region, as well as their cooperation with representatives of the controlling authorities of the central government, reflect the psychological and social mood of the workers of these associations. It is noted that the peculiarities of the interaction between the cooperative workers of the region and the staff of the senior inspector were the latent rejection of the former by the state apparatus because of their passivity in work and the open hostility of the cooperative workers in relation to the new state structure. The analysis of the main directions of state regulation in the activities of cooperation is given in the article. The interaction of the senior inspector’s apparatus with control bodies is presented, their activities are summarized, and the effectiveness of state policy in relation to cooperative organizations of the Tyumen region and the extent of “shadow” operations in cooperation is assessed.

The main directions of state regulation of vegetable subcomplex in the Russian Federation in the period 2016−2018

The vegetable growing sector plays a crucial role for the national economy, acting as a supplier of the most valuable food products for the country's population. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to analyze the current system of state regulation of the vegetable growing industry in the Russian Federation both at the federal and regional levels (for example, Perm Region) for the period 2016−2018. This goal requires the decision of following tasks: 1) analysis of the state budget policy of the vegetable growing industry at the federal and regional levels (for example, Perm Region); 2) analysis of vegetable subcomplex in the Russian Federation and Perm Region; 3) the study of the aggregate balance (consolidated market) of vegetable products at the federal and regional levels; 4) assessment of the effectiveness of the applied instruments of state regulation; 5) development of methods for improving the state of the vegetable growing industry and improving the system of its state regulation. The scientific research hypothesis is based on the assumption that the methods of state regulation of the vegetable growing industry influence the economic indicators of its development. The study analyzed the retrospective dynamics of vegetable production in the Russian Federation and Perm Region for the period 2016–2018. The structure of gross harvests of vegetables for all categories of producers is considered.

Human development in the informational economy: challenges to social policy

The scientific hypothesis about the influence of the components of the informational environment on the expansion of human development is tested. The trends in the Ukrainian information space on the level of implementation of informational technology in human life are revealed. The sample survey about living conditions of households in Ukraine in general and the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in particular, is conducted. The ways of use of Internet services by households for involvement of the population in various spheres of public activity and their influence on human development of the oblasts of the Carpathian region are analyzed. The analysis showed a significant reduction in the share of households by objectives: education and training (formal education in school and higher education, distance education, including online activities); software download. The search for information related to health issues and interaction with public authorities has great potential for human development. The paper concludes that the population of the Carpathian region is insufficiently involved in the use of Internet services. Based on the analysis of indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the problems in the field of expanding human development opportunities in Ukraine are described. There is mainly a downward trend in the development of areas involved in expanding human development opportunities in the transition to the information economy - education, health, labor, science and innovation. Relevant guidelines for the implementation of state social policy in this area are identified. Social policy as a direction of state regulation of the economy requires a transition from mostly passive to active and effective state social policy. It is necessary to update the mechanisms for conducting active social policy at the level of the state, various administrative, public organizations, and enterprises. Social policy must be closely linked with the implementation of internal reforms in the country (education, health, pensions, taxes and wages, etc.). Social policy measures should be coordinated with measures of other types of state policy - migration, the formation and development of the middle class, the policy of investing in human capital.

Evaluating the effectiveness of employment assistance measures: Case of Russian state employment centers

Russia is currently implementing the national project "Labor productivity and employment support", which is a set of measures aimed at developing employment infrastructure and introducing organizational and technological innovations to support employment, including standard solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of state employment centers. This project defines the strategic directions of state regulation of the Russian labor market. This article deals with the issues of the population's demand for the services of employment centers, including not only registering as unemployed but also receiving public services to assist in finding a suitable job, vocational training, psychological support, etc. The study is based on the Russian labor force survey and microdata of employment centers for 2019 (more than 24,000 observations). Based on the data from the labor force survey, conclusions are drawn about the demand for the state employment centers' services among various groups of the population and about typical combinations of applying to the employment service with other job search channels. The analysis of regional microdata made it possible to evaluate the performance of employment centers based on information about the socio-demographic characteristics of the unemployed, the duration of the unemployment status, the fact of receiving benefits, the services received and the reasons for de-registration. Based on the results of the analysis, conclusions are made about the ways to improve the work of the state employment centers.

Features of financial maintenance of the cultural domain in Ukraine

The scientific hypothesis about the influence of the components of the informational environment on the expansion of human development is tested. The trends in the Ukrainian information space on the level of implementation of informational technology in human life are revealed. The sample survey about living conditions of households in Ukraine in general and the oblasts of the Carpathian region, in particular, is conducted. The ways of use of Internet services by households for involvement of the population in various spheres of public activity and their influence on human development of the oblasts of the Carpathian region are analyzed. The analysis showed a significant reduction in the share of households by objectives: education and training (formal education in school and higher education, distance education, including online activities); software download. The search for information related to health issues and interaction with public authorities has great potential for human development. The paper concludes that the population of the Carpathian region is insufficiently involved in the use of Internet services. Based on the analysis of indicators of the Global Competitiveness Index, the problems in the field of expanding human development opportunities in Ukraine are described. There is mainly a downward trend in the development of areas involved in expanding human development opportunities in the transition to the information economy – education, health, labor, science and innovation. Relevant guidelines for the implementation of state social policy in this area are identified. Social policy as a direction of state regulation of the economy requires a transition from mostly passive to active and effective state social policy. It is necessary to update the mechanisms for conducting active social policy at the level of the state, various administrative, public organizations, and enterprises. Social policy must be closely linked with the implementation of internal reforms in the country (education, health, pensions, taxes and wages, etc.). Social policy measures should be coordinated with measures of other types of state policy – migration, the formation and development of the middle class, the policy of investing in human capital.