Direction Of Innovative Activity Research Articles

Universities innovative development under the globalization conditions

The article systematizes main directions of improving organizational and economic support of higher education innovative development in the globalization context. One of the main intensification directions of innovative activity in the higher education field is the creation of a national strategy for innovative higher education development, synchronized with existing programs for the development of domestic higher education system and national economy in general. Authors emphasize that the policy of targeted financing of higher education system innovative development requires optimization. Prerequisites for university innovative development are the availability of state support, adequate financial support, lack of bureaucracy, presence of a developed innovation infrastructure, developed innovation culture in society and more. Promising areas for further universities’ development are also identified: deepening the relationship between higher education, science and industry, particularly in the direction of scientific research commercialization; ensuring university autonomy (including financial autonomy), flexibility and digitalization of higher education; use of distance learning; regular educational material updating in accordance with business demands and scientific-technological progress latest achievements.

ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНА ВЛАСНІСТЬ: СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ, ПРОГНОЗ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ В УКРАЇНІ

The paper outlines the main problems of the modern intellectual property market in Ukraine. It is determined that the current market of this type of property, depending on the amount of demand for a particular product, can be divided into legal and illegal and operates at the expense of objects and entities. The main categories are considered, and their features are determined. The statistical analysis of the financing of scientific and technical developments, expenses for innovations of industrial enterprises on directions of innovative activity, components of innovations of Ukraine in the world rating and components of Innovation and Bloomberg index for the forecast for the next 3 years is carried out. According to the forecast results for the next three years, there is the most significant increase in the efficiency of higher education and patent activity, the smallest increase in the concentration of researchers and the penetration of high technology. The industry's main reasons for the decline in activity and problematic issues include lack of opportunities to destroy certain types of counterfeiting, rather long customs inspection; low level of use of the results of innovative inventions; inefficiency in intellectual property management; the presence of piracy, etc. The most important of them is a low scientific activity, which provides funding for socio-economic workers working in high technology. Based on the analysis of the achievements of scientists and practitioners in this field, the contradictions that differ in the intellectual property market in Ukraine are identified and characterized. This highlights the main factors that affect its development and operation. Because this market object is quite specific, it needs updated approaches to its regulation. Particular attention is paid to intellectual property development in international economic relations between Ukraine and the European Union. After all, the prospect of the rapid growth of the domestic intellectual property market will significantly depend on Ukraine's fulfilment of international obligations and the creation of a clear regulatory framework to ensure intellectual property protection.

СУТНІСТЬ ВИЗНАЧЕНЬ «ІННОВАЦІЯ», «ІННОВАЦІЙНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ» У ВИЩІЙ ШКОЛІ

Based on the challenges facing the country's higher education institutions, it can be concluded that each educational institution should review its activities and identify further prospects for development. The need to increase the availability of quality, competitive education in accordance with the requirements of innovative sustainable development of society involves the development of strategic activities of higher education institutions in accordance with the provisions of modern educational policy of the state. The article outlines the strategic goals of innovative activities of Higher Education Institutions and identifies the main objectives of innovative activities of higher education. The main directions of innovative activity of higher school are considered and allocated.

INNOVATIVE SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AT WORK WITH CHILDREN AND YOUTH

The article disclosed the content of the concepts «innovation», «social innovation», «social technology», «innovative social technology». It is indicated that one of the features of modern social technology is its innovative nature. The purpose of the article is to define the essence of the concept of «innovative social technologies», substantiate and analyze the possibilities of their application in work with children and youth. Innovation is increasingly becoming the subject of scientific research in the social sphere. The main attention of researchers is focused on innovative technologies in social work, innovative processes, innovative methods, types and subjects of social innovation, innovative practices of social work with vulnerable groups in Ukraine. It is noted that the emergence of innovative technology is determined by the needs and social problems of society, requires accurate planning, serious training and qualified personnel. For social pedagogy, the term «innovation» currently remains new and poorly researched. This term is interpreted in two meanings: innovation as a process and innovation as a product. The characteristics, functions and sources of social innovation are considered. It is emphasized that innovations actively influence the surrounding social environment. For social work, social pedagogy, an essential characteristic of innovation is its social consequences. The social processes that determine the growth of innovative activity in the social sphere are indicated. Innovative technologies exist in two forms: in the form of programs and documents and in the form of social processes. It was also noted that children and youth are quite often the most vulnerable social categories and need qualified assistance and support. The presence of social problems prompts the development and implementation of innovative technologies for social work with children and youth. The innovative social technologies in working with children are listed. The innovative forms of the implementation of youth work in Ukraine have been identified. The promising directions of innovative activity in the social sphere, including in the social and pedagogical work with children and youth, are indicated.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ГОТОВНОСТІ УЧАСНИКІВ ОСВІТНЬОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНИМИ ПРОЦЕСАМИ В ЗЗСО ЯК ПЕДАГОГІЧНА ПРОБЛЕМА: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ ОГЛЯД

The article focuses on the need to introduce pedagogical innovations in the school educational process. A reason has been established for the insufficient level of psychological readiness of teachers to use innovation in the school informational and educational environment. A definitional analysis of the concepts of «informational and educational environment», «innovation activity», «readiness for innovation» was imlemented. Comparative characteristics of traditional and innovative educational models are given. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, we proposed our own interpretation of the phenomenon of teacher’s readiness for innovation. The main directions of innovative activity of the teacher are defined: innovations in education, education, management, retraining of personnel. The need to have certain abilities that contribute to the formation of the readiness of teachers of the institution of general secondary education to innovate within the framework of the competentcy approach was noted. It is stated that the management of innovation activities in general secondary education institutions is a targeted activity of management entities at various levels. The functions of the informational-educational environment are disclosed in order to implement the requirements of educational standards. It was noted that the strategic task of developing school education in modern conditions is to update the content, forms and methods, achieve a new quality of its results. It is emphasized that the main factors affecting the development of education in modern conditions are the appeal to the personality of students and the consideration of the individual trajectory of the development of their competencies. An attempt was made to identify factors that contribute to the effective formation of the readiness of educational participants to manage innovative processes in school. We consider the teacher's readiness for innovative activity as a complex personal and professional education of teachers, determining their focus on the development of their own professional activity, the activity and independence of assimilation, creative implementation, the creation of new ways, techniques of pedagogical work that have an innovative orientation.

ПЛОДООВОЩНАЯ ОТРАСЛЬ ЮЖНО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

The authors studied the possibilities and prospects for the development of fruit and vegetable industry of the South Kazakhstan region. One of the priority sectors of food industry is the fruit and vegetable sector. The article discusses topical issues of increasing the efficiency of functioning of fruit and vegetable production, the solution of which is important for ensuring the food security of the country, since due to the high biological value, vegetables and fruits occupy a special place in the balanced and fortified nutrition of the population. The scientific and practical significance of the prospects for expanding the volume of fruit and vegetable production is noted. Recommendations for the transition to industrial-innovative way, high level of competitiveness of processing of own fruit and vegetable products are presented. The assessment of the degree and conditions of innovative development in the South Kazakhstan region (Almaty, Turkestan, Zhambyl, Kyzylorda regions) is presented. The potential for growing fruit and vegetable crops has been determined. The aspects of the current state of production, storage, processing and marketing of a group of fruits and vegetables in South Kazakhstan are reflected. The directions of innovative activity in the fruit and vegetable subcomplex are analyzed. The necessity of state regulation and stimulation of production of fruits and vegetables has been substantiated. In modern conditions, the most promising area of economic growth in the region is organization of fruit and vegetable clusters. The main directions of further development of fruit and vegetable production in the Southern region are shown for a fuller use of its potential opportunities, expansion of the effective exploitation of natural and economic resources: land, atmospheric factors, irrigation water, cooperation, concentration of capital, new equipment and technologies, provision of the region with food and activation of exports to CIS and foreign countries.

DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE MEASURES IN REGIONAL TOURIST MARKETS

Introduction. Modern tourism is rightly considered as one of the priority vectors of regional development, which is gaining worldwide popularity and provides the lion's share of revenues to various levels of budgets in the region and the country. Underestimating the role of tourism and the need to implement innovative strategies for its growth will eventually lead to the loss of untapped opportunities and lowering the country's rating in world markets. The purpose of the article is to identify and implement innovative measures in regional tourism markets, important for regional innovation policy and the functioning of tourism on an innovative basis; types and tools of innovations that should be used in the tourism industry. Results. The article reviews the literature that highlights the problem of introducing innovative measures in regional tourism markets. The role and significance of innovation in modern tourism are clarified. The place of tourism among the markets of regional development is characterized. The goals of regional innovation policy in the context of regional tourism are highlighted. It is proposed to expand the interpretation of the concept of "social tourism". The components of the innovation potential of regional tourist markets as a symbiosis of labor, information, material and technological, financial and credit, sales and production factors are detailed. Their functional purpose in regional tourist markets is detailed. The directions of innovative activity which will promote more effective functioning of regional tourist markets and will provide constantly growing demand are outlined. The algorithm of innovative potential of regional tourist markets is offered; ways to increase the competitiveness of regional tourism markets on an innovative basis are outlined. Conclusions. The innovativeness of measures for regional development determines the energy and resource-saving technologies are generalized for different spheres as an important element of the region's competitiveness. Intensification of information, management, communication, technological solutions will eventually increase the investment opportunities of the region. Key words: innovative activity, regional tourist markets, tourist service, sales activity, innovative potential, tourism infrastructure.

Влияние на российское уголовное право эволюции отдельных направлений инновационной деятельности (на примере развития биотехнологий)

The paper attempts to analyze the effect that various directions and types of innovative activity have on law. Changes in social relations in recent years, as is commonly thought, are associated with the devel-opment of technologies, robotics, artificial intelli-gence, digitalization, genetic engineering, etc. Tak-ing for granted and sometimes superficially study-ing these trends, the legislator fixes and details such concepts in the legislation. At the same time, no analysis has been carried out and no answers have been given to the questions: how are the indicated terms and directions for changing social relations related to each other, is there something in common that allows them to be combined into a more sys-temic component? According to the author, the domestic legislator in the current Criminal Code does not take into account the recent trends result-ing from innovative activities, namely the develop-ment of telemedicine technologies and the possibil-ity of selling medicines via the Internet, when differ-entiating responsibilities. It seems that all the indi-cated changes and innovations in social relations are associated with one process, namely, innovative development. Moreover, digitalization, informatiza-tion, the development of biotechnology, robotics, etc. are components of one more general and uni-fied process, namely the development of innovation. The author investigated these changes using the example of criminal law and in relation to such a direction of innovative activity as the development of biotechnology.

Directions of innovative activities in the process of preparation of masters specialties «Geodesia and land management»

In modern condi ons, masters training should meet the requirements that make it impera ve to improve the quality of the educa on system, and at the same me, its compe veness at the interna onal level. The effec veness of master’s training is aimed at increasing their professionalism and independence in solving modern problems in the chosen specialty. Forma on of the image of a specialist of innova ve type in the field of «Geodesy and land management» is possible in the magistracy of ins tu ons of higher educa on, focused on training, both for research and professional ac vi es. Innova ve educa on is focused on crea ng the condi ons for the individual’s readiness for change, the development of crea ve abili es, various forms of thinking, and coopera on. The specificity of innova ve educa on is determined by its openness, the predic on of results based on the constant assessment of values, the ability to act together in emerging new situa ons. Master training is an important, promising, alterna ve ac vity. A future master should have not only fundamental knowledge, but also be able to create something new on the basis of crea ve thinking. Therefore, it is necessary to organize a single educa onal, scien fic and innova ve space, which includes educa onal, research and produc on components. In modern condi ons, research and innova on ac vi es are closely linked. On the one hand, innova on ac vi es at the early stages include research and development ac vi es, namely, fundamental and applied research and experimental development. On the other hand, one of the func ons of research ac vity is innova on. The main components of the readiness of masters for professional ac vi es, innova ve research work include: mo va onal, conforma onal, opera onal. Mo va on research ac vity is a system of actors that include: mo ves, needs, interests, inclina on, mo va onal a tudes, which make it possible to ensure the realiza on of the purpose of this ac vity. For the mo va onal sphere of the personality, stamina and strength of mo ve are of great importance. Moves of knowledge are able to form a master’s achievement mo va on. Mo ves of knowledge create condions for overcoming crisis situa ons, improve cogni ve ac vity and form the founda on of competence.

ALEXEY M. POZDNEEV (1851-1920) AND RUSSIAN PRACTICAL ORIENTAL STUDIES

The present paper provides an overview of extensive activities in the field of education of A.M. Pozdneev – a founder and head of Oriental Studies Institute in Vladivostok and Practical Oriental Academy under the Imperial Society of Oriental Studies in St. Petersburg. The founding of the two major academic centers of oriental studies in imperial Russia was of a crucial importance for the geopolitical strategy of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries, and it is within this historical context that the significance of the activities of A.M. Pozdneev is analyzed here. At the end of the 19th century, foresighted imperial government officials (namely, S. Yu. Vitte and N. P. Bogolepov among others) set a task to train specialists in living languages, economics and everyday life of countries of the Middle East and the Far East. Russian imperial officials realized the importance of training the necessary staff for a broad variety of administrative, commercial and industrial institutions of Asian part of Russia and neighbor-states. The main burden of the implementation of the above-mentioned task set by the State fell on a Professor of the St. Petersburg University, Doctor of Mongolian Literature, A.M. Pozdneev. In the beginning of the 20th century, under Pozdneev’s guidance, a group of young, talented graduates of St. Petersburg University in Vladivostok’s Oriental Studies Institute revolutionized the organization of Oriental Studies education and research, and made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian scholarship on the East Asia. The present article reveals the main directions of innovative activities and academic achievements of the School of Practical Oriental Studies in Vladivostok and St. Petersburg and its role in the establishment of the field of modern Russian oriental studies. The role of A.M. Pozdneev as an ideologist, promoter, and the leader of the Russian School of Practical Oriental Studies is described in detail on the basis of the analysis of a wide variety of archival materials and the Oriental Studies Institute reports. A list of the main works of A.M. Pozdneev compiled by Т.V. Polikarpova is provided.

How Does Signaling Influence the Rate and Direction of Innovative Activity in a Platform Based Marketplace?

How Does Signaling Influence the Rate and Direction of Innovative Activity in a Platform Based Marketplace?

Influence of functional food composition on the properties of meat mince systems

The priority direction of innovative activity of meat processing enterprises is the production of affordable products of consistent and high quality. Achievement of the set goal is provided by the introduction during developing the mince systems of various food additives that are supposed to replace a considerable part of basic raw materials and to improve its functional and technological properties. The influence of the developed functional food composition on functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of minces for cooked sausages was studied. It was proved that its introduction to the composition of meat minces increases the indicators of moisture binding ability by 3.5–5 % compared with the control sample. The emulgation ability in the experimental samples increases on average by 5 % and the stability of the emulsion by 22.5 %. This is due to the capacity of protein preparations and hydrocolloids, belonging to the composition, as well as meat proteins to encapsulate drops of fat and retain them throughout the entire process. Determining the influence of the developed functional mix on structural-mechanical properties of minces indicated that the effective viscosity for experimental samples increased on average by 48.5 %, and the indicator of boundary shear stress decreased on average by 40.5 %. The obtained results prove the relevance of substituting a part of meat raw material (up to 30 %) with the developed composition and the improvement of functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of minces. This will provide for a consistent high quality of the finished products and will increase the effectiveness of production.

THE STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF MINCES IN BOILED SAUSAGES WITH FUNCTIONAL FOOD COMPOSITION USE

The priority direction of innovative activity of meat-processing enterprises is a production of accessible goods of stable and high quality. The attainment of set aim is provided by introduction of diverse food additives (emulsifiers, stabilizers, stiffeners and so on) that replace the significant part of the main raw material for improvement of its functional-technological properties at creation of food systems. The influence of elaborated functional food composition on functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of minces in boiled sausages was studied. It was established, that its introduction into the content of meat minces improves the indices of water-binding ability by 3,5–5 % percents comparing with the control sample. Emulsifying ability in the studied samples increases on the average by 5 %, and emulsion steadiness by 22,5 %. It is conditioned by the ability of protein preparations and hydrocolloids, included in the composition together with meat proteins, to encapsulate the fat drops and to keep them during the whole technological process. Determination of the influence of elaborated functional mixture on structural-functional properties of minces demonstrated, that effective viscosity for the studied samples increased on the average by 48,5 %, and the index of extreme tension of the shift decreased on the average by 40,5 %. The received results prove the perspective of replacement of the part of meat raw material (up to 30 %) by created composition and improvement of functional-technological and structural-mechanical properties of minces. It provides the stable high quality of ready goods and allows improve the effectiveness of production.

Системный подход, как направление инновационной деятельности в сфере организации транспортного обслуживания мебельных предприятий

The article discusses the features of the system approach, as directions of innovative activity in the sphere of organization of transport services for industrial enterprises. The necessity of its application in the furni-ture industry, in which the objective function of the transport service is performing work for the delivery of goods in accordance with the needs of these enterprises and high quality service to the service quality indicators include the timely implementation of transportation, the safety of goods (quantity and consum-er properties), the minimum transport costs.

Does the market for ideas influence the rate and direction of innovative activity? Evidence from the medical device industry

Prior work argues that the “market for ideas” supports an open system of innovation, allowing for efficient development of technology across firms. Although this literature has described important features of this market, how it influences the rate and direction of innovation remains an open question. We exploit an exogenous shock to a subset of U.S. medical device firms to study this question. We first document the breakdown in the market for ideas after a federal investigation made it more difficult for the leading orthopedic firms to work with physician‐inventors. We then present evidence of a dramatic decline in the rate of innovation for these firms. Further, a marked shift in direction occurs toward lower‐quality inventions and away from product categories where physician knowledge is critical. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Selected Directions in Analysis of Innovative Activities in Enterprises

The primary focus of this study is on theoretical and empirical analysis of selected directions of innovative activities carried out in enterprises. The significance of these problems is connected with the role performed by innovations in improving and maintaining competitiveness in enterprises. The investigations presented in the study focused on the importance and manifestations of innovativeness of enterprises as well as highlighting contemporary characteristics of innovations. The empirical part of the study analyzed innovative activity of enterprises based on such criteria as level of outlays on innovations incurred by the enterprise, equipping the enterprise in means of production processes automation as well as the level of technology transfer and using the technology. The empirical examinations were carried out based on the data contained in the Statistical Yearbooks published by the Central Statistical Office for the years 2008-2012.

Innovations in Food Production - Status and Directions of Development

This paper characterises the directions of innovative activities undertaken by food industry enterprises concerning the manufacturing of food products. Based on the subject literature and secondary statistical data, the status of food industry innovativeness and areas of innovative activities related to implementation of technological and non-technological innovations are presented. The activities of enterprises focus on manufacturing new products in response to the ever-changing needs and expectations of consumers. In particular, the production of so-called functional food (which seeks to promote health, minimise the risk of specific diseases, improve psychophysical fitness, lose weight, etc.) is increasingly extensive. Manufacturers must also improve the technologies and techniques of product manufacturing, packaging and storage.

How Does Co-Location Affect the Rate and Direction of Innovative Activity?

The ability of an economy to generate, recombine and diffuse new ideas has a profound influence on its ability to sustain growth. Agglomeration, by eliminating the physical space between people, firms and ideas, affects not only the rate of innovation, but also the type of idea recombinations that take place. While the role of co-location on innovation has been extensively studied, the micro-foundations of knowledge transfer and generation still remain undeveloped. Co-location, by increasing the frequency of interactions with very low expected value, qualitatively transforms the knowledge that is recombined, allowing for high levels of

Small Firms, Their Growth and Product Differentiation

This paper investigates a model of endogenous product differentiation between large well established and small newly established firms. Small firms should have greater growth potential than large mature firms whose growth potential tapers off once they reach a certain size relative to the capacity of the market. The small firm with its newness has a product that is typically seen as being of a lower quality than the products of their larger counterparts. The model explores the interaction of product quality, firm size and the growth of small firms. This paper shows that firms choose size (large or small) and they will maintain their decision throughout any stage of the game. Large firms are more efficient at producing quality, therefore, despite a growth rate advantage, small firms remain small. Driving this result is the fact that the payoff from remaining small outweighs the payoff from its growth potential since becoming large is accompanied by heavy costs. This property ensures that the principle of maximal product differentiation is sustained. Models that investigate firm dynamics have predicted that small firms grow at a faster rate than large ones. Hall (1987) investigated the dynamics of firm growth in the US Manufacturing sector using econometric techniques. He suggested that possible reasons why small firms may grow faster than large ones are due to differences in the rate and direction of innovative activity, or simply because the economy is finite and it is expected that diminishing returns will eventually take effect. He observed large differences in the variance of growth rates across size classes of firms and that the smaller firms in the sample grow faster, but made no claim to be able to distinguish clearly the reasons for these differences. This paper investigates, firm size and their respective growth rates under variable marginal cost. Our analysis presents a two-stage non-cooperative game, in which the firm chooses its size in stage one and prices given its own type and that of the other firm in stage two. Shaked and Sutton (1983) showed that where two firms choose distinct qualities, they will both enjoy positive profit at equilibrium. The intuition behind their result is that where the product qualities converge, a price competition will result between both firms which will serve to erode their profits. This equilibrium runs counter to the wisdom of Hotelling's (1929) model of the linear city in which he concluded that the equilibrium outcome is characterized by minimal differentiation. In applying the wisdom of Shaked and Sutton we consider two firms of distinctive types; small and large. It is believed that small newly established firms should have greater growth potential than large mature firms whose growth potential tapers off once they reach a certain size relative to the capacity of the market. However, it has been argued that due to the product differentiation advantage that the large well established firm has and the demand disadvantage that may face the small firm it might be difficult for the small firm with the lower quality to settle in the market. Schmalensee (1982) reported that, once consumers are convinced that the first in any product class performs satisfactorily, that brand is seen as the standard against which subsequent entrants are judged. As a result, it presents a greater challenge for later entrants to attract consumers to invest in learning about their qualities than that faced by the first brand.The idea that there is product differentiation advantage for established sellers has been well supported by empirical investigations.

Market structure, innovation and vertical product differentiation

We reassess Arrow's (1962) [Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention, in NBER, The Rate and Direction of Innovative Activity (Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ)] results concerning the effect of market structure on the returns from process innovation. Here we consider product innovations that are vertically differentiated from older products, in the sense of Shaked and Sutton (1982) (Relaxing Price Competition through Product Differentiation, Review of Economic Studies 49, 3–13.), Shaked and Sutton (1983) (Natural Oligopolies, Econometrica 51, 1469–1484.). Competition and monopoly in the old product market provide identical returns to innovation when (i) the monopolist is protected from new product entry, and (ii) innovation is non-drastic, in the sense that the monopolist supplies positive quantities of both old and new products. If the monopolist can be threatened with entry, monopoly provides strictly greater incentives. Welfare may be greater under monopoly when innovation is valuable.