Direction Of Correlation Research Articles

Comparisons of neurodegenerative disease biomarkers across different biological fluids from patients with Huntington’s disease

Fluid biomarkers play important roles in many aspects of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington’s disease (HD). However, a main question relates to how well levels of biomarkers measured in CSF are correlated with those measured in peripheral fluids, such as blood or saliva. In this study, we quantified levels of four neurodegenerative disease-related proteins, neurofilament light (NfL), total tau (t-tau), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and YKL-40 in matched CSF, plasma and saliva samples from Huntingtin (HTT) gene-positive individuals (n = 21) using electrochemiluminescence assays. In addition, salivary levels of NfL, t-tau, and GFAP were quantified from a larger cohort (n = 95). We found both positive and negative correlations in the levels of these biomarkers among different biofluids. Most notably, in contrast to the significant positive correlations observed between CSF and plasma levels for NfL and GFAP, we detected significant negative correlations between the CSF and saliva levels of NfL and GFAP. With regard to clinical measures, both plasma and CSF levels of NfL were significantly positively correlated with Total Motor Score and chorea, whereas saliva levels of NfL showed significant correlations in the opposite direction. Additional correlations between salivary biomarkers with clinical data, adjusting for age, sex and CAG repeat length, confirmed that salivary NfL was significantly negatively associated with chorea scores in manifest HD, but not premanifest (PM), individuals. In contrast, salivary t-tau was positively associated with measures of cognition in PM participants. These findings suggest that salivary levels of NfL and t-tau proteins may exemplify non-invasive biomarkers for disease symptoms at different stages of illness. Further, these findings highlight the notion that different forms of disease proteins exist in different biological fluids.

Financial Market Responses to the Policy Language of Forward Guidance: Evidence from China

Forward guidance is an innovative unconventional monetary policy tool used to manage expectations. This study not only investigates whether and how forward guidance influences financial markets but also explores its impact on cross-market correlations. Three key findings include: (1) larger absolute change in tone increases currency market volatility but decreases treasury bond and stock market volatilities. The noise-reducing effect is primarily attributable to forward guidance on economic outlook rather than policy inclination, although their effectiveness has reversed since 2015. (2) A positive change in forward guidance tone decreases currency market interest rate, which is economically negligible, albeit statistically significant. Returns of other financial assets are not responsive to the change in forward guidance tone. (3) Forward guidance significantly influences cross-market correlations though the impacts show heterogeneity. Economic-outlook and policy-inclination forward guidance significantly affect the currency-bond correlation in the same direction while exert differential impacts on bond-stock and currency-stock correlations. Two important implications for expectation management are enhancing coordination between different types of forward guidance as well as improving the efficiency of information transmission in communication.

The Relationship Between HIV/AIDS Knowledge Levels and Teen Attitudes Towards Premarital Sex

Adolescence is a stage characterized by rapid changes and challenges that can be difficult to face due to limited knowledge, particularly about HIV/AIDS. Knowledge plays a crucial role in shaping attitudes, which can influence changes in perceptions of premarital sex. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between HIV/AIDS knowledge levels and teen attitudes towards premarital sex. The research employs a descriptive correlational method with a cross-sectional approach, involving 208 respondents selected through proportional stratified random sampling. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. The results revealed that 100 respondents (48.1%) fell into the adequate knowledge category, 90 (43.3%) were in the good knowledge category, and 18 (8.7%) were categorized as having poor knowledge. Regarding attitudes towards premarital sex, 198 respondents (95.2%) exhibited a positive attitude, while 10 (4.8%) displayed a negative attitude. The Spearman rank correlation test yielded a p-value of 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes, with a very weak correlation in a positive direction. This means that as adolescents' understanding of HIV/AIDS increases, their attitudes become more positive. The study recommends adding resources about HIV/AIDS and premarital sex in schools and suggests that future research should focus on selecting appropriate educational methods for HIV/AIDS prevention.

The Effect of Tactile – Kinesthetic Stimulation on Bone Mineralization, Osteocalcin Levels and Body Height Among Stunting Children Among Stunting Children Aged 6-11 Months

Introduction: Stunting is growth faltering caused by as poor nutrition, recurrent infections, a lack of psychosocial stimulation. Growth faltering is associated to bone growth disorder. In order to prevent and overcome stunting not only nutrition but also an adequate stimulation is needed. Objective: This study looked at the effects of tactile–kinesthetic stimulation on bone mineralization, osteocalcin levels and body height among stunting children. Methods: Eighty (80) stunting children (mean of age 8 ± 1,71) were randomly assigned into two groups. Tactile–Kinesthetic Stimulation (TKS) was administrated by trained parents twice daily for three months in the intervention group. The control group was given a routine care of stunting program from public health center. The bone mineralization (osteocalcin serum) and length of body in both groups were measured at enrollment and after week twelve. Results: During three (3) months TKS period, the intervention group had a significant increment in length and osteocalcin serum compared to control group (p 0.005) at 3.17 cm and 11.5 ng/ml respectively. Moreover, this study also showed that providing TKS demonstrated a strong correlation in a positive direction to length. The TKS treatment could increase the body height of stunting children by 86.5%. There was a positive correlation among osteocalcin levels, intake of vitamin A, protein and calcium on improving length (p0.05). Conclusion: TKS was significantly effective in promoting bone mineralization particularly osteocalcin levels and length among stunting children. There was also a strong correlation that TKS could elevate the length of 0.865-times.

SELF DISTANCING EFFECT IN WRITING NEGATIVE EVENTS REMEMBERING OR WRITING? IMPLICATIONS OF SELF-DISTANCING IN THE REFLECTION OF NEGATIVE EVENTS

Although many studies indicate that self-distancing facilitates adaptive self-reflection, it is necessary to examine the variables in the adaptive self-reflection process further to determine whether it will produce the same profile when the self-reflection is done through writing. As such, this study aims to examine a) whether the induction to remember from an actor's perspective and from an observer’s perspective has the same implications as the induction to write using the first-person pronouns and using own-name in facilitating adaptive self-reflection, and b) whether adaptive self-reflection through writing has the same profile as adaptive self-reflection through remembering (thinking). Two quasi-experimental studies (N=428) conducted in this research found that self-distancing was the only variable that differed significantly when we induced the actor's perspective and the observer's perspective (study 1), but the variables of self-distancing, emotional reactivity, and reconstruing differed significantly when self-reflection was conducted through writing manipulation using the first-person pronouns and using own-name. It was also found that adaptive self-reflection through writing (study 2) had a stronger correlation in the negative direction between self-distancing and emotional reactivity, recounting, avoidance, and in the positive direction with the variables of reconstruing, memory age, and perceived resolution, which meant that writing about negative experiences better facilitates adaptive self-reflection than just remembering. We also analyzed the intervening variables to see the direct or indirect relationship between key variables.

Involvement of the TRPV1 receptor and the endocannabinoid system in schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder, but its pathogenesis is still unknown, and its clinical treatment effect is very limited. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel and the Endocannabinoid System (ECS)have been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of SCZ, although their actions have not been fully clarified yet. The objective is to examine TRPV1 and ECS expression in the blood of schizophrenia patients and investigate their correlation with disease severity. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional investigation. Peripheral blood samples were gathered from normal controls (NC, n=37), as well as individuals with schizophrenia, including first episode (n=30) and recurrent (n=30) cases. We employed western blot and ELISA techniques to quantify TRPV1, cannabinoid receptors 1(CB1), anandamide (AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and assess the severity of the patient's symptoms by means of the PANSS scale. ResultsCompared to NC, TRPV1 levels showed a noticeable decrease in both first episode schizophrenia (f-SCZ group) and recurrent schizophrenia (r-SCZ group) subjects. Additionally, CB1 levels appeared increased in f-SCZ group. Furthermore, 2-AG levels were found to be elevated in both f-SCZ group and r-SCZ group compared to NC, whereas AEA levels were decreased in f-SCZ group but increased in r-SCZ group. Moreover, among schizophrenia patients, TRPV1 demonstrated a negative correlation with negative symptoms. Within r-SCZ subjects, CB1 displayed a negative correlation with relapse number, while 2-AG showed a correlation in the opposite direction. ConclusionsThis study provides initial clinical evidence of changed TRPV1 expression in schizophrenia, potentially linked to negative symptoms. These results suggest a possible dysfunction of TRPV1 and the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which might offer new avenues for medical interventions.

Dynamic Single-Leg Balance Tests of Physiotherapy Students: A Comparison of Body-Active Weight Shift Test and Two Sudden Disturbance Tests

BACKGROUND: Balance is essential to maintain and stabilize the transition from static to dynamic posture. The human body can maintain the center of gravity within the base of support and to process input from vision, the vestibular apparatus, and the somatic senses. AIM: The research aimed to check the correlation of the active body-weight shift test (Y balance test [YBT]) and two sudden perturbation tests in physiotherapy students. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, a descriptive research design was used. Twenty-nine healthy adults (14 men and 15 women) with a mean age of 23.6 ± 6.3 were tested using the active body-weight shift test and two sudden perturbation tests. A descriptive statistical analysis using correlation coefficients was performed. RESULTS: Our subjects’ average values of the test results meet the normative values. There is a correlation between the YBT test and the crossover hop test in the anterior (p < 0.01), posterior-medial, and posterior-lateral directions (p < 0.05), and the triple-hop test forward in the posterior-medial and posterior-lateral directions (p < 0.05), and anterior direction (p < 0.01) for the left extremity, except for the anterior direction to the right. With the right extremity, there is a correlation between the YBT test and the crossover hop test and triple-hop test forward in the posterior medial (p < 0.05), the crossover hop test in the posterior medial and posterior lateral to the left (p < 0.05), and the right (p < 0.01), but no correlation in the anterior direction in either of them. CONCLUSION: The data of all physiotherapy students in our study meet the normative data, and no difference due to gender has been observed. There is a correlation between the active body-weight shift test and sudden perturbation tests with or without lateral movement for the left extremity, but not for the right extremity. We can assume better results when standing on an undominant limb, which can lead to insufficient support when standing on a dominant limb. What should not be the case in providing patient safety.

Three-dimensional nasal asymmetry analysis between adolescence and adulthood in postoperative patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate using computed tomography.

To investigate the differences of the nasal soft and hard tissue asymmetry in postoperative patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) between adolescence and adulthood, and to explore the correlation of nasal soft and hard tissue asymmetry. CT data from 47 repaired UCLP patients were included and divided into two groups:1. adolescent group: 23 patients (15 males, 8 females; age: 10-12years old). 2. adult group: 24 patients (16 males, 8 females; age:18-32years old). The three-dimensional asymmetry in nasal soft and hard tissues was analyzed. Additionally, the correlation between nasal soft and hard tissue asymmetry was also analyzed. Both the adolescent group and adult group showed asymmetries in nasal soft and hard tissues. Compared to the adolescent group, the adult group had a significantly increased horizontal asymmetry of nasal soft tissues Sbal (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the sagittal asymmetry of soft tissue Glat (P < 0.05), Sbal (P < 0.001), Sni (P < 0.001) and hard tissue LPA (P < 0.05) also increased significantly. In the adult group, there were more landmarks with a correlation between the asymmetry of nasal hard tissue and soft tissue compared to the adolescent group. There were moderate to strong correlations between nasal hard and soft tissue symmetries in the horizontal and sagittal directions (0.444 < r < 764), but no correlation in the vertical direction in the adult group (P > 0.05). The asymmetry of nasal soft and hard tissues in patients with repaired UCLP becomes more apparent in the horizontal and sagittal dimensions from adolescence to adulthood. The correlation between the asymmetry of nasal hard tissue and soft tissue becomes stronger in the horizontal and sagittal dimensions. These factors should be taken into account when performing treatment for repaired UCLP patients in adolescence and adulthood.

Negative Impact of Parental Verbal Abuse on the Formation of Adolescent Self-Concept

Most parents do not realize that calling a child inappropriately and comparing the child with others is verbal violence and greatly affects children's self-concept, especially adolescents. The study aimed to determine the impact of parental verbal violence on adolescent self-concept in Sumber Asri Village. This study used a quantifiable approach to 60 respondents with adolescents aged 13 and 18. Research data was obtained by filling out a questionnaire using a google form. Research instruments are arranged based on three dimensions of self-concept: knowledge, expectations, and assessment. The data were analyzed using a product moment test, where the analysis results showed a weak correlation in a negative direction of -0.205. The result means a significant negative relationship exists between parental verbal abuse and adolescent self-concept. The higher the violent verbal behavior of parents, the more negative adolescents' self-concepts. The amount of influence of 4.2% of verbal abuse can contribute to adolescent self-concept. Overcoming negative self-concept in adolescents as a result of mistakes in parenting can be done by changing the parenting style from authoritarian to democratic.

Adolesan Taekwondo Sporcularında Plantar Basınç Dağılımı ile Denge Arasındaki İlişki

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and balance in adolescent taekwondo athletes. Twenty-three adolescent taekwondo athletes participated in the study voluntarily. Pedobarographic method was used to determine the plantar pressure and plantar force. Flamingo balance test for static balance and lower quarter Y balance test for dynamic balance were applied. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the relationship between plantar pressure distribution and balance. A moderate significant negative relationship between the non-dominant leg static balance and the plantar pressure at the forefoot of the athletes (r=-.466, p=.025), and a moderate significant positive relationship with the plantar pressure at the rearfoot (r=.466, p=.025) was determined. There was a moderate positive correlation between the dynamic balance ability and the dynamic plantar force during walking in the anterior direction (r=.552, p=.008) and a high positive correlation in the posteromedial direction (r=.656, p&amp;lt;.001) in the dominant leg; moderate positive correlation (r=.483, p=.020) in the posteromedial direction and moderate positive correlation in the posterolateral direction (r=.437, p=.037) was observed in the non-dominant leg of participants. As a result, plantar pressure distribution and force were associated with static and dynamic balance in adolescent taekwondo athletes. It is recommended that plantar pressure data should not be ignored during the developmental period in adolescent taekwondo athletes, possible plantar disorders should be followed and balance exercises should be added to training in order to have optimal plantar pressure distribution.

Investigation of the yielding transition in concentrated colloidal systems via rheo-XPCS

We probe the microstructural yielding dynamics of a concentrated colloidal system by performing creep/recovery tests with simultaneous collection of coherent scattering data via X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS). This combination of rheology and scattering allows for time-resolved observations of the microstructural dynamics as yielding occurs, which can be linked back to the applied rheological deformation to form structure-property relations. Under sufficiently small applied creep stresses, examination of the correlation in the flow direction reveals that the scattering response recorrelates with its predeformed state, indicating nearly complete microstructural recovery, and the dynamics of the system under these conditions slows considerably. Conversely, larger creep stresses increase the speed of the dynamics under both applied creep and recovery. The data show a strong connection between the microstructural dynamics and the acquisition of unrecoverable strain. By comparing this relationship to that predicted from homogeneous, affine shearing, we find that the yielding transition in concentrated colloidal systems is highly heterogeneous on the microstructural level.

Accuracy of abdominal organ motion estimation in radiotherapy using the right hemidiaphragm top as a surrogate during prolonged breath-holds quantified with MRI.

Respiratory motion presents a challenge in radiotherapy of thoracic and upper abdominal tumors. Techniques to account for respiratory motion include tracking. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided radiotherapy systems, tumors can be tracked continuously. Using conventional linear accelerators, tracking of lung tumors is possible by determining tumor motion on kilo voltage (kV) imaging. But tracking of abdominal tumors with kV imaging is hampered by limited contrast. Therefore, surrogates for the tumor are used. One of the possible surrogates is the diaphragm. However, there is no universal method for establishing the error when using a surrogate and there are particular challenges in establishing such errors during free breathing (FB). Prolonged breath-holding might address these challenges. The aim of this study was to quantify the error when using the right hemidiaphragm top (RHT) as surrogate for abdominal organ motion during prolonged breath-holds (PBH) for possible application in radiation treatments. Fifteen healthy volunteers were trained to perform PBHs in two subsequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions (PBH-MRI1 and PBH-MRI2). From each MRI acquisition, we selected seven images (dynamics) to determine organ displacement during PBH by using deformable image registration (DIR). On the first dynamic, the RHT, right and left hemidiaphragm, liver, spleen and right and left kidney were segmented. We used the deformation vector fields (DVF), generated by DIR, to determine the displacement of each organ between two dynamics in inferior-superior (IS), anterior-posterior (AP), left-right (LR) direction and we calculated the 3D vector magnitude (|d|). The displacements of the RHT, both hemidiaphragms and the abdominal organs were compared using a linear fit to determine the correlation (R2 of the fit) and the displacement ratio (DR, slope of the fit) between displacements of the RHT and each organ. We quantified the median difference between the DRs of PBH-MRI1 and PBH-MRI2 for each organ. Additionally, we estimated organ displacement in the second PBH by applying the DR from the first PBH to the displacement of the RHT measured during the second PBH. We compared the estimated organ displacement to the measured organ displacement during the second PBH. The difference between the two values was defined as the estimation error of using the RHT as a surrogate and assuming a constant DR over MRI sessions. The linear relationships were confirmed by the high R2 values of the linear fit between the displacements of the RHT and the abdominal organs (R2 > 0.96) in the IS and AP direction and |d|, and high to moderate correlations in the LR direction (0.93 > R2 > 0.64). The median DR difference between PBH-MRI1 and PBH-MRI2 varied between 0.13 to 0.31 for all organs. The median estimation error of the RHT as a surrogate varied between 0.4 and 0.8 mm/min for all organs. The RHT could serve as an accurate surrogate for abdominal organ motion during radiation treatments, e.g. in tracking, provided the error of the RHT as motion surrogate is taken into account in the margins. The study was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7603). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Multichannel seismic impedance inversion based on Attention U-Net

Recently, seismic inversion has made extensive use of supervised learning methods. The traditional deep learning inversion network can utilize the temporal correlation in the vertical direction. Still, it does not consider the spatial correlation in the horizontal direction of seismic data. Each seismic trace is inverted independently, which leads to noise and large geological variations in seismic data, thus leading to lateral discontinuity. Given this, the proposed method uses the spatial correlation of the seismic data in the horizontal direction. In the network training stage, several seismic traces centered on the well-side trace and the corresponding logging curve form a set of training sample pairs for training, to enhance the lateral continuity and anti-noise performance. Additionally, Attention U-Net is introduced in acoustic impedance inversion. Attention U-Net adds attention gate (AG) model to the skip connection between the encoding and decoding layers of the U-Net network, which can give different weights to different features, so the model can focus on the features related to the inversion task and avoid the influence of irrelevant data and noise during the inversion process. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using the Marmousi2 model and the SEAM model and compared with other methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method has the advantages of high accuracy of acoustic impedance value inversion, good transverse continuity of inversion results, and strong anti-noise performance.

Influence of Heat Treatment and Solid-State Fermentation on the Lignocellulosic Fractions of Substrates Supporting Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler Cultivation: Implications for Commercial Production

Mushroom production in India has registered a considerable growth in the recent times. However, cultivation of shiitake mushroom, which represents a major share at a global level, is still at a primitive stage in the Indian subcontinent. The scarcity of raw materials and the cost of energy for substrate sterilization are the major hurdles for a large-scale production. The present study delves into the possibility of growing shiitake mushroom on lignocellulosic biomass (saw dust and wheat straw) processed with different heat treatments to develop a cost-effective production technology. Six different strains of shiitake mushroom, viz., DMRO-35, 51, 297, 388s, 410, 412, were used in this study. The substrates were exposed to a pasteurization temperature of 80 ± 5 °C in a bulk pasteurization chamber for three different times (H1–H3) and also to a high-pressure sterilization (H4) in an autoclave. DMRO-388s was found to be the most productive strain, irrespective of the substrate and heat treatment method used. Significant differences were observed in the biological yield depending on the type of substrate and heat treatment. Changes in the biochemical composition of the lignocellulosic residues in three different stages, viz., pre heat treatment, inoculation and primordial formation stages, were recorded. Changes in heat treatment levels and duration significantly altered the cellulose/lignin ratio of the growing substrate. High-pressure sterilization aided the rapid degradation of lignin in the substrate and increased its bioavailability, thereby facilitating the fungus achieving its potential yield. A significant correlation in the positive direction between the yield levels of the tested strains and the consumption of lignin in the growing substrate was found, suggesting the significance of pre heat treatment for the bioconversion of lignin and its subsequent utilization in the solid-state fermentation process. The substrate pre heat treatment under high-pressure sterilization was proved to be beneficial to obtain the maximum yields of shiitake mushroom.

Modeled distribution shifts of North American birds over four decades based on suitable climate alone do not predict observed shifts

As climate change alters the global environment, it is critical to understand the relationship between shifting climate suitability and species distributions. Key questions include whether observed changes in population abundance are aligned with the velocity and direction of shifts predicted by climate suitability models and if the responses are consistent among species with similar ecological traits. We examined the direction and velocity of the observed abundance-based distribution centroids compared with the model-predicted bioclimatic distribution centroids of 250 bird species across the United States from 1969 to 2011. We hypothesized that there is a significant positive correlation in both direction and velocity between the observed and the modeled shifts. We then tested five additional hypotheses that predicted differential shifting velocity based on ecological adaptability and climate change exposure. Contrary to our hypotheses, we found large differences between the observed and modeled shifts among all studied bird species and within specific ecological guilds. However, temperate migrants and habitat generalist species tended to have higher velocity of observed shifts than other species. Neotropical migratory and wetland birds also had significantly different observed velocities than their counterparts, which may be due to their climate change exposure. The velocity based on modeled bioclimatic suitability did not exhibit significant differences among most guilds. Boreal forest birds were the only guild with significantly faster modeled-shifts than the other groups, suggesting an elevated conservation risk for high latitude and altitude species. The highly idiosyncratic species responses to climate and the mismatch between shifts in modeled and observed distribution centroids highlight the challenge of predicting species distribution change based solely on climate suitability and the importance of non-climatic factors traits in shaping species distributions.

Meandering motions and their relation to the energy spectrum in turbulent shear flows

This study presents the contribution of the large-scale motions to the turbulent energy using custom-made arrays of hot-wire probes arranged in the span-wise direction. Decomposing the stream-wise velocity fluctuations into large- and small-scale components through the Fourier transform in the span-wise direction and evaluating their scales using the two-point correlation, it is found that the large-scale components have a large contribution in the generation of the outer peak of the turbulent pre-multiplied spectrum (PMS). The outer peak remains even in the low Reynolds number, and it is related to the span-wise organization of large-scale structure of u fluctuations. The spatial correlation in the stream-wise direction shows the large scale of 10δ, where δ is the boundary layer thickness, which is consistent with the outer peak wavenumber of PMS.

Patterns in Second Language Utterance Fluency: An Exploratory Meta-analysis of Correlational Research

This paper describes an exploratory meta-analysis of correlations between second language (L2) utterance fluency (UF) phenomena. UF refers to the temporal, pausing, and repair features of speech. Correlations between 24 pairings of UF measures were meta-analyzed, encompassing a total of 179 effect sizes from 31 primary studies. Results indicate that most of the UF measure pairings display weak to moderate correlations in the expected direction. On the other hand, there were significant correlations in the unexpected direction between several breakdown phenomena, suggesting a trade-off effect may have occurred. Thirdly, some measure pairings displayed no significant correlation in either direction, suggesting they may function independently of each other in L2 speech. Finally, suggestions are made as to how these tentative findings can be explored in future research.

The Spiritual and Religious Coping of Mothers with Disabled Children in Turkey: Correlation Between Stress Coping Styles and Self-Efficacy.

This study aimed to determine the correlation between stress coping styles and self-efficacy with regard to thespiritual and religious coping of mothers with disabled children. The descriptive and relational screening model was used in this study. The research was completed with 227 mothers in a private rehabilitation center at Turkey. The data were collected using Maternal Spiritual Coping, Religious Coping Styles, Stress Coping Styles Scales (SCSS), and General Self-Efficacy Scales. As a result of the study, there was a statistically advanced degree of significant correlation in a positive direction between effective coping with stress and spiritual coping (p < 0.001), and a negative significant correlation between ineffective coping with stress and general self-efficacy (p < 0.05). Additionally, there was a negative significant correlation between the SCSS-effective coping dimension with the SCSS-ineffective coping points (p < 0.05). The high level of spiritual coping of mothers and its effect on coping with stress is an important result. For the participation of children with disabilities and their parents in society, it is essential to identify components such as mental health and spiritual coping that will improve mothers' mental health so that mothers can effectively cope with the difficulties they experience.

Studies on correlation and path co-efficient analysis of single cross hybrids in sweet corn

A total of 42 experimental hybrids generated by diallel mating design using 7 inbred lines of sweet corn were evaluated with parents and checks during Kharif 2019 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. Green ear yield revealed a significant correlation in the positive direction with plant height, ear height, ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows, and number of kernels per row at both genotypic and phenotypic levels, while a negative correlation was observed with days to 50% silking and Turcicum Leaf Blight. The highest value of correlation co-efficient for green ear yield was observed with green ear yield without husk, followed by the number of kernels per row and ear girth. However, there is no significant correlation between green ear yield and Total Soluble Solids. The genotypic correlation was found to be higher than the phenotypic correlation indicating high heritability of traits. Ear girth, ear height and the number of kernels per row displayed the highest positive direct effects on yield at the genotypic level and also manifested significantly positive indirect effects via plant height, ear height, green ear weight without husk, green fodder weight and the number of kernels per row. These three traits were likewise shown to have the most positive correlation with green ear yield. As a result, these attributes can be considered while selecting sweet corn genotypes for higher green ear yield.

Evaluation of Brain Functions in Conversion Disorder with PET/MRI

IntroductionSince there is no objective criteria, unique clinical symptom or laboratory test to make the diagnosis of conversion disorder; its diagnosis and treatment is challenging which leads to a poor prognosis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the brain metabolic activity of patients with conversion disorder with PET/MRI.Methods12 conversion disorder patients were included. Somatosensory Amplification Scale, Somatoform Dissociation Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-15, Toronto Alexithymia Scale were filled in by the participants. Neurological, mental status examinations, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised Form (WAIS-R) and brain F18-FDG-PET/MRI were performed. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Scales were administered.Results83% of the patients were female, the mean age was 33 years and average education period was 10,2 years. WAIS-R total scores were consistent with low avarage intelligence level.Cerebral hypermetabolism was detected in the primary visual cortex. Average regional brain metabolic activity had a tendency to increase in bilateral prefrontal, right sensorimotor (SM),cingulate,right inferior parietal,occipital lateral,right temporal lateral cortices and cerebellum. Each region was metabolically correlated with the homologous contralateral regions. Significant correlations in the same direction was found between frontal and occipital lateral &amp; primary visual cortices; cerebellum and left sensorimotor cortex; anterior cingulate cortex(ACC) and superior parietal cortex &amp; cerebellum. No correlations were found between ACC and left SM cortex.ConclusionsFindings of our study indicate that there are moderate changes in regional brain metabolic activities and inter-regional correlations in patients with conversion disorder. In order to confirm these findings, furter functional neuroimaging studies are needed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.