Directions For Use Research Articles

Regional Maternity Capital in Russia: Analysis of Differences in Terms of Provision, Size, and Target Direction

Along with the federal demographic and family policy, the subjects of the Russian Federation are actively implementing their own regional measures to support families with children, a special place among which is occupied by regional maternity capital. The purpose of this study is to identify the specifics of the provision of regional maternity capital. In this article a brief history of the implementation of the regional maternity capital program was considered in the context of Russian demographic policy. Data on the conditions for the provision of this support measure and the size of payments have been updated to the beginning of 2024. The analysis of normative legal acts regulating the implementation of the program to provide regional maternity capital in the subjects of the Russian Federation was used as a research method. It was revealed that the rules for providing this support measure are variable and differ in many criteria: according to the birth order for whom the payment is provided, the presence or absence of a need criterion, the directions of use of funds, as well as the terms of residence in the region and the size of the regional maternity capital. Based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts, it was found that the legislative framework governing the provision of regional maternity capital continues to be improved and modified by excluding or changing additional conditions limiting the range of recipients of this support measure, such as the criterion of need, the duration of residence in the region and the one-time right to use regional maternity capital. The results obtained can be used as a material to study the effectiveness of the implementation of regional maternity capital as a measure aimed at increasing the birth rate.

Evidence-Based Strategies for Warm Compress Therapy in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.

Despite promising results from technological therapies like intense pulsed light application, warm compress therapy is a mainstay in meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). However, applying warm compresses (WC) to the eyelids is palliative rather than curative and not always dispensed with specific instructions. The range of eyelid warming treatments available and lack of clear directives for use creates uncertainty for patients accustomed to explicit dosage information. This report examines data from clinical studies across the past 20years to identify effective protocols for three types of WC-hot towel, microwavable eye mask, and self-heating eye mask (EM). Literature search for studies on WC and MGD published between 2004 and 2023 in English was conducted. Studies wherein hot towel, microwavable EM, and self-heating EM were used in a treatment arm were included and those wherein they served only as control or were used in conjunction with another intervention were excluded. 20 resulting studies were separated into 3 groups: 5 on temperature profiles of WC, 6 with single application of WC, and 9 with repeated applications. Study methods and outcomes were tabulated, and a qualitative review was performed, attending to WC protocol and efficacy, as indicated by measures of tear film, meibomian gland health, and dry eye questionnaires. Data from the aforementioned studies revealed that each method can achieve target eyelid temperature of 40°C. A single application of WC-ranging from 5 to 20min-can significantly improve tear quality, while repeated applications significantly relieve symptoms associated with dry eyes from MGD and, in most studies, significantly improve meibomian gland health. Hot towels, however, require frequent reheating to maintain eyelid temperatures above 40°C, rendering them relatively ineffective in longitudinal studies. Microwavable EM retain heat well across 10min and were found to improve tear break-up time and/or meibomian gland score. Self-heating EM have variable activation times and were typically applied for longer periods, showing benefits akin to microwavable EM in short-term studies. Studies monitoring compliance indicate greater deviation from protocol with higher application frequencies or longer-term use. Evidence suggests superior heat retention and therapeutic effects on specific contributing factors in MGD (such as Demodex) with moist-heat compress. Considering decreased patience adherence to therapy with increased usage frequencies, and balancing needs to provide succinct instructions for various compress types, an advisable strategy is for patients to apply a moist-heat generating EM (microwavable or self-heating) to each eye for at least 10min, prepared according to manufacturer's instructions.

Infrared Fluorescence-guided Surgery for Tumor and Metastatic Lymph Node Detection in Head and Neck Cancer.

In patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), surgical removal of cancerous tissue presents the best overall survival rate. However, failure to obtain negative margins during resection has remained a steady concern over the past 3 decades. The need for improved tumor removal and margin assessment presents an ongoing concern for the field. While near-infrared agents have long been used in imaging, investigation of these agents for use in HNC imaging has dramatically expanded in the past decade. Targeted tracers for use in primary and metastatic lymph node detection are of particular interest, with panitumumab-IRDye800 as a major candidate in current studies. This review aims to provide an overview of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence-guided surgery techniques used in the clinical detection of malignant tissue and sentinel lymph nodes in HNC, highlighting current applications, limitations, and future directions for use of this technology within the field. Keywords: Molecular Imaging-Cancer, Fluorescence © RSNA, 2024.

Assessment of Medication Labeling Compliance in Outpatient Pharmacy: A Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract This study assessed outpatient medication labels in 19 hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, focusing on critical information necessary for safe and effective medication use. The study utilized a structured observation form based on guidelines from the Saudi Food and Drug Authority and the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. The form included indicators related to label identification, instructions, and layout. Compliance rates for each indicator were calculated, revealing varying levels of adherence across different hospitals. High compliance rates were observed for indicators such as the date of dispensing (100%), directions of use (100%), and typing directions in Arabic (100%). However, lower compliance rates were noted for physician and pharmacist information, drug information, and additional medication details, with rates ranging from 0 to 78.9%. Specifically, the inclusion of physician and pharmacist registration numbers had a compliance rate of 0%. The study highlighted significant gaps in standardizing medication labels, emphasizing the need for including essential information such as total quantity dispensed, number of refills, warning labels, medication indication, and storage conditions. Additionally, the use of barcodes, hospital logos, and Tallman letters was found to be inconsistent. In conclusion, the findings underscore the necessity for standardizing outpatient medication labeling practices to improve patient safety and medication management. This study calls for collaborative efforts, knowledge sharing, and the implementation of best practices to achieve consistent and accurate medication labeling in Saudi Arabia.

INTRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEURAL NETWORK TECHNOLOGIES INTO FORENSIC SCIENCE

The use of artificial intelligence capabilities in forensic science is of scientific interest, due to the rapid digitalization of society and the need to quickly identify the attacker. The intensive development of these technologies contributes to the emergence of new types of social relations, directly affects the speed of making management decisions, as well as the emergence of previously unstudied types of crime. The problem under consideration allows not only to enrich the theoretical basis, but also to significantly increase the speed of identifying intruders, as well as to optimize the work of law enforcement officers. The paper examines the theoretical foundations, significance and possibilities of implementing artificial intelligence systems in forensic science. Potential areas for using this technology in solving and investigating crimes of various types are outlined. During the study, dialectical, systemic and logical methods (general scientific) were used. Among private scientific research methods, formal legal methods, methods of generalization and abstraction prevailed. The issues of introducing the capabilities of artificial intelligence systems into the branch of forensic science — forensic technology — are analyzed. Promising directions for use in the investigation of crimes in the context of combating crime are proposed, incl. in the digital environment. Potential negative factors of using these technologies in the work of law enforcement agencies have been identified.

A Preliminary Scoping Review of the Impact of e-Prescribing on Pharmacists in Community Pharmacies.

This scoping review aims to map the available literature and provide an overview of the published articles discussing the impact of electronic prescribing on medication errors and pharmacy workflow. The literature search was conducted using PubMed®, Web of Science®, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews®, as well as grey literature reports, using the search terms and related components of "pharmacists", "electronic prescribing", "medication errors", and "efficiency". The search included all articles that were published from January 2011 to September 2023. Twenty-two relevant articles were identified and fully reviewed, ten of which were included in this review. Electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) provides a solution for some of the challenges that are associated with handwritten and paper prescriptions. However, the implementation of e-prescribing systems has been recognized as a source of new unforeseen medication errors in all the reviewed articles. Productivity in community pharmacies has been affected with receiving electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions) and having to deal with the issues that arise from them. The pharmacists' interventions were not eliminated with e-prescriptions compared to other prescription formats. The most frequently reported reason for intervention was related to incomplete instructions in the field of directions of use. Other common challenges with e-prescriptions were related to missing information, quantity, inappropriate dose, dosage form, and drug. This review demonstrates the scarcity of research about the impact of electronic prescribing on medication error and efficiency in community pharmacies. In the literature, most of the studies had mainly focused on hospital pharmacies. The literature search demonstrated that there are still some barriers to overcome with e-prescribing systems and that medication errors were not fully eliminated with e-prescriptions. New errors have been identified with e-prescriptions, all of which caused delays in processing, which affected the productivity of the pharmacy staff, and could have negatively impacted patients' safety if not properly resolved. e-Prescribing solved some of the challenges associated with illegibility of handwritten prescriptions. However, more time is required to allow e-prescribing systems to mature. Further training for prescribers and pharmacists is also recommended before and after the implementation.

Modern Use of Biochar in Various Technologies and Industries. A Review

The article analyzes the use of biochar in various industries and the national economy (as a sorbent, fuel, reducing agent in the metallurgical industry, a component of coal coke blends, biocomposites, modification of explosives, fertilizers, etc.) It is noted that the direction of use depends on the quality and characteristics of biochar (size, physical properties, chemical composition), which are determined by the nature of the raw material, its chemical composition and carbonization temperature.

Enhancing the methods used to evaluate the competitiveness of commercial banks

Scientific novelty of this study is determined by the fact that the assessment of the bank's competitiveness is carried out in the context of financial stability. In international financial organisations (which include banks), the financial stability of a bank is understood as an effective ability to distribute financial resources, ensure financial risk management (which is what banks do). This approach to determining the financial stability of a bank is also used in the study – the essence of financial stability reflects the state of financial resources and the degree of their use. Consequently, stability is also assessed through the balance of sources of flows of attracted financial resources, which are basic for the functioning of the bank and flows that determine the directions of use of such resources. The practical significance of the study is conditioned by the fact that the financial stability of a bank determines its ability to constantly develop, which is a gradual, dynamic movement in a competitive market within the framework of the chosen strategy.

A new through-the-scope clip with anchor prongs is safe and successful for a variety of endoscopic uses.

Background and study aims Endoscopic through-the-scope clips (TTSC) are used for hemostasis and closure. We documented the performance of a new TTSC with anchor prongs. Patients and methods We conducted a prospective case series of the new TTSC in 50 patients with an indication for endoscopic clipping at three hospitals in the United States and Canada. Patients were followed for 30 days after the index procedure. Outcomes included defect closure and rate of serious adverse events (SAEs) related to the device or procedure. Results Fifty patients had 56 clipping procedures. Thirty-four procedures were clipping after endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the colon (33) or stomach (1), 16 after polypectomy, two for hemostasis of active bleeding, and one each for fistula closure, per-oral endoscopic myotomy mucosal closure, or anchoring a feeding tube. Complete defect closure was achieved in 32 of 33 colon EMR defects and 21 of 22 other defects. All clips were placed per labeled directions for use. In 41 patients (82.0%), prophylaxis of delayed bleeding was reported as an indication for endoscopic clipping. There were three instances of delayed bleeding. There were no device-related SAEs. The only technical difficulty was one instance of premature clip deployment. Conclusions A novel TTSC with anchor prongs showed success in a range of defect closures, an acceptable safety profile, and low incidence of technical difficulties.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ТЕПЛОТЫ УХОДЯЩИХ ГАЗОВ АВТОНОМНЫХ КОТЕЛЬНЫХ

The problem of fuel and energy resources is presented as one of the most important global problems. Energy saving in consumer heat supply systems is indicated as an important aspect of reducing the consumption of fuel and energy resources. There is a significant potential for energy saving in heat supply systems, which is conditioned by considerable heat losses with exhaust gases from boilers. A problems related to the utilization of low-potential heat of exhaust gases are identified. A review and analysis of ways to utilize the heat of the exhaust gases of boiler houses and directions of useful use of this heat are performed, their advantages and disadvantages are indicated. The direction of conducting research on methods of utilization of low-potential heat of exhaust gases and ways of using of this heat, allowing to create high-effective low-waste complexes and systems, is recommended.

Efficiency of sweet, sudan and broom sorghum varieties using as pollinators for high yield hybrids breeding in the Steppe zone of Ukraine

Purpose. Sorghum is considered a strategic crop in the supply of raw materials for the bioenergy industry, therefore the main goal of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using sugar sorghum (Silosne 42), Sudanese (Strateya) and vine sorghum (Karlykove 45 and Krasen) as pollinators for obtaining high-yielding hybrids in the conditions of the northern part of the Steppe zones of Ukraine. Methods. Varietal testing of sorghum was carried out at the Synelnykiv selection and research station of the Institute of Grain Crops of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, where 68 variety samples were studied, which had a yield of green mass in the range of 23–79 t/ha. Indicators of green mass yield and dry matter content were determined. The area of plots in the nursery for research was 7 m2, the repetition of the experiment was three times. Results. In the field experiment, 17 initial varieties and hybrids of grain and sugar sorghum were studied. In the three newly created hybrids F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45), F1 (Early 776s × Karlykove 45) and F1 (DN 71s × Karlykove 45), the most effective pollinator to ensure the highest yield (65.6–71.7 t/ha) turned out to be the variety Karlykove 45. Sorghum Sudanese hybrid Stratea showed efficiency for obtaining a yield of 54.6-65.5 t/ha in combinations F1(DN 19s × Stratea) and F1(DN 17s × Stratea). The variety Karlykove 45 can be recommended as a valuable pollinator for creating hybrids that can be used as solid biofuel. According to the dry matter content of sorghum biomass, the highest values were obtained in: F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s × Karlykove 45) – 45.0 t/ha, F1 (Kafrske korm. 186s × Krasen) – 41.4 t/ha, F1 (Dn71s × Karlykove 45) – 33.3 t/ha, F1 (Dn17s × Strategy) – 32.0 t/ha. Conclusions. It was determined that the F1 (Nyzkorosle 93s x Karlykove 45) hybrid of the bioenergy direction of use is the highest in terms of the yield of green mass and the content of dry matter. The value of the Karlykove 45 variety as a pollinator in the creation of sorghum hybrids for use as solid biofuel has been established.

Bioecological Characteristic and Uses of Spinacia tetrandra Steven

The flora of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic can be considered as a source of vegetable raw materials rich in herbal, medicinal, technical and, in general, biologically active substances. From this point of view, it is very important to study the modern state of wild vegetable plants in Nakhchivan MR biodiversity, to search for new opportunities and traditional ways of their use. In the article, biomorphological features and directions of use of Spinacia tetrandra, were investigated. Plant specimens are found in saline areas, sandy soils, roadsides and settlements. It spreads from plains to lower mountainous belts. Plant samples were collected from Gahab, Zeyneddin, Jamaldin etc. regions. It is usually used cooked. Spinach is used in the preparation of beetroot soup, soups and various vegetable dishes. Dried spinach is slightly inferior to meat in the amount of protein it contains. Spinach is used not only fresh, but also canned and frozen.

Nebulizers.

Nebulizers generate aerosols from liquid-based solutions and suspensions. Nebulizers are particularly well suited to delivering larger doses of medication than is practical with inhalers and are used with a broad range of liquid formulations. When the same drug is available in liquid or inhaler form, nebulizers are applicable for use with patients who will not or cannot reliably use a pressurized metered-dosed inhaler (pMDI) or dry powder inhaler (DPI) due to poor lung function, hand-breath coordination, cognitive abilities (e.g., infants, elderly) or device preference. In a nebulizer, liquid medication is placed in a reservoir and fed to an aerosol generator to produce the droplets. A series of tubes and channels direct the aerosol to the patient via an interface such as mouthpiece, mask, tent, nasal prongs or artificial airway. All nebulizers contain these basic parts, although the technology and design used can vary widely and can result in significant difference in ergonomics, directions for use, and performance. While many types of nebulizers have been described, the three categories of modern clinical nebulizers include: (1) pneumatic jet nebulizers (JN); (2) ultrasonic nebulizers (USN); and (3) vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN). Nebulizers are also described in terms of their reservoir size. Small volume nebulizers (SVNs), most commonly used for medical aerosol therapy, can hold 5 to 20 mL of medication and may be jet, ultrasonic, or mesh nebulizers. Large volume nebulizers, typically jet or ultrasonic nebulizers, hold up to 200 mL and may be used for either bland aerosol therapy or continuous drug administration.

25 років Яворівському НГП – структура, використання, значення досліджень, перспективи

This paper presents detailed information about the stages of creation and directions of use of a special multifunctional standard scientific geodetic polygon (SGP) in Yavoriv district of Lviv region. The main purpose of the SGP is the metrological control of modern geodetic instruments and the testing of new technologies. The features of constructing geodetic networks, creating a local reference gravimetric network to refine the parameters of the global Earth gravimetric model, and constructing a quasi-geoid model with centimeter accuracy within the local polygon are described. The determination of high-precision astronomical coordinates and reference azimuths with an accuracy of 0.5–1.0, the creation of metrological objects of the NGP are outlined: the standard linear baseline (SLB) of original design and the fundamental geodetic network (FGN) for conducting special research and metrological verification of electronic theodolites, rangefinders, GNSS receivers, the development of a high-precision leveling network for studying accuracy and GNSS-leveling, etc. It provides information about multi-year experimental calibrations of the SLB using various methods and devices, and the first international intercomparisons on the SLB (working standard) in Ukraine, as well as multi-day GNSS observation campaigns at FGN points, the results of processing, and the achieved high accuracy. New experimental studies are related to improving the accuracy of FGN and GNSS leveling, new calibrations of SLB, including international intercomparisons, establishment of fundamental gravimetric points, optimization of the use of reference directions for metrological control and calibration of navigation equipment.

Modeling as a research method: a library science discourse

Significant changes in the library industry resulting from its transformations require new models of activity and are characterized by a lack of systematic scientific research on the use of the modeling method in library science theory and practice. This determines the relevance of identifying the state, directions of use and generalizations of the method in library science discourse. Using the semantic analysis of the documentary flow of publications in professional library science journals by keywords, the article analyzes the documentary flow of publications that reflect the results of scientific Ukrainian research and illustrate the representation of modeling in librarianship by conditionally selected generalized thematic clusters. It is concluded that the outlined areas of modeling processes and phenomena in the library science discourse indicate that significant changes in the library industry as a result of its transformations are the subject of attention of Ukrainian researchers, and the results obtained can serve as a significant scientific and methodological basis for further research. In the absence of systematic research and educational and methodological support in the form of textbooks and manuals on modeling in library theory and practice, the existing scientific heritage can be generalized and translated into the educational process of training applicants for master's and doctoral degrees as a proven tool and result of scientific knowledge, for the acquisition of competencies defined by the Standard of Education in the specialty "Information, Library and Archival Affairs".

Tomato breeding for open ground in the south of Russia

Relevance. Tomato is the most widespread vegetable crop in the southern regions of Russia and one of the most popular with the population in all natural and climatic zones of the country. The majority of products is produced in large vegetable-growing, farming and private household farms. One of the most important tasks is to improve the assortment taking into account natural and climatic conditions of cultivation and directions of use. In this regard, the selection of industrial tomato with a high level of flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors for the south of Russia is an urgent task. The aim of the study is to evaluate economically valuable features of perspective lines and new hybrids of tomato of industrial type, adapted to the conditions of southern Russia. Material and methodology. The work was carried out in the open field conditions of experimental production farm of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Industry (Moscow region) and Biryuchekutskaya vegetable breeding experimental station – branch of the FSBSI FSVC (Rostov region). The objects of research were breeding material and 6 perspective new hybrid combinations of tomato of selection of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific and Scientific Institution of the Russian Federation. Results and discussion. As a result of step-by-step study and selection, the most promising samples were identified for further use as source material for practical breeding: B-6-C-2014, VS-B-№7, VS-B-18, VS-B-20, VS-B-35, VS-B-38. As a result of the competitive testing, the best hybrid combinations were identified: F1 B-1, F1 B-2, F1 B-4, meeting the requirements of commercial production in the south of Russia. It is shown that the hybrid combination F1 B-2 exceeds both standard samples F1 Meteor and F1 Perfectpeel both in terms of total yield (by 10.9 t/ha and 9.6 t/ha), marketability of fruits, and dry matter content in fruits (6.1 % vs. 5.1% and 5.2 %). Taking into account the complex of economic characteristics, a precocious F1 hybrid of tomato F1 B-2 called F1 Profy has been submitted to the State Variety Testing, as it shows stable economic characteristics over several years of study.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРЕПАРАТА МЕЛАФЕН НА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЭТАПАХ КЛОНАЛЬНОГО МИКРОРАЗМНОЖЕНИЯ

Application of the drug Melafen was studied at the stages of introduction, proliferation, micro-propagation, adaptation to non-sterile conditions and open ground conditions of grapevine varie-ties of various origins and directions of use. It was found that at the introduction stage, in or-der to improve the survival and regeneration of meristems, the growth regulator Melafen in a concentration of 10-7% should be added to the nutrient medium. Different varietal responses to the use of the drug was noted. The use of Mela-fen at the stage of introducing meristems into culture has a positive effect on the passage of the next stage - micropropagation (proliferation). The positive effect of the drug Melafen was re-vealed in the microcutting of plants of the Tsim-ladar grapevine variety. A clear improvement in all qualitative indicators was noted at concentra-tions of 10-7, 10-9, 10-11%. The best results were obtained at a concentration of 10-7. The variety-specificity of the drug's action to improve the characteristics of plants was noted. The "afteref-fect" of Melafen was found, which is expressed in an improvement in the condition of plants during subculture without Melafen. The length of the rhizogenic zone increased by 1.4–2.5 times, the height of plants by 1.3 times, the growth rate increased, and therefore, there is an acceleration of micro–propagation and, in gen-eral, an increase in the effectiveness of clonal micro-propagation. Improving the qualitative characteristics of plants contributes to the adap-tation process (higher yield of adapted plants) with good plant condition.

Spatial representations of objects used away and towards the body: The effect of near and far space.

An action with an object can be accomplished only if we encode the position of the object with respect to our body (i.e., egocentrically) and/or to another element in the environment (i.e., allocentrically). However, some actions with the objects are directed towards our body, such as brushing our teeth, and others away from the body, such as writing. Objects can be near the body, that is within arm reaching, or far from the body, that is outside arm reaching. The aim of this study was to verify if the direction of use of the objects influences the way we represent their position in both near and far space. Objects typically used towards (TB) or away from the body (AB) were presented in near or far space and participants had to judge whether an object was closer to them (i.e., egocentric judgement) or closer to another object (i.e., allocentric judgement). Results showed that egocentric judgements on TB objects were more accurate in near than in far space. Moreover, allocentric judgements on AB objects were less accurate than egocentric judgements in near space but not in far space. These results are discussed with respect to the different roles that visuo-motor and visuo-spatial mechanisms play in near space and far space, respectively.

Evaluation of the germplasm collection according to directions of use in order to identify suitable genotypes for natural tomato juice

Evaluation of the germplasm collection according to directions of use in order to identify suitable genotypes for natural tomato juice

Non-financial reporting in Russia: purpose and classification of types

The development processes of non-financial reporting are currently directly related to fundamental changes in the global economy as a result of international integration and internationalization of production and economic activities. In such a situation, the need to provide users with reliable and accessible information about all areas of the organization’s activities through the preparation and presentation of non-financial reporting becomes urgent. The article defines the role of non-financial information in the process of effective functioning of a company in the socio-economic environment, and also identifies the main goals of the formation of non-financial reports, considers their types, reveals the essence and content, and carries out a classification. The range of users and directions of use of non-financial information by stakeholders is considered. International and national organizations regulating the procedure for the formation and presentation of non-financial reporting, as well as the features of the implementation of international practice by domestic companies, have been studied. The object of the study was the conceptual provisions for constructing a system for generating public non-financial reporting. The methodological basis was the Russian and foreign regulatory framework in the field of formation and certification of non-financial reporting of organizations. The article discusses the most common types of non-financial reporting. In the process of analyzing the problem, traditional methods were used: monographic, abstract-logical, comparative, calculation-constructive, etc.