Direction Current Research Articles

Ice cover deformations at Adams Island, winter 1982–1983

Measurements of horizontal movements of the ice cover near Adams Island, March to June 1983, and in Eclipse Sound, December 1982 to June 1983, indicate no apparent coupling between movement direction and wind or current. Average strain rates in the plane of the ice cover were 10−10 s−1, with a maximum of 10−8 s−1. Similar strain rate values were obtained on Eclipse Sound. Movement rates at Eclipse Sound were of the same magnitude as those at Adams Island, but the direction was quite different. Maximum calculated and measured ice pressures were 500 and 140 kPa, respectively. Key words: ice movements, ice pressures, Canadian Arctic Ocean, oceanography, wind.

整流，コンデンサ両作用をもつ電極による交流電着塗装

A. C. electropainting has not been commercially applied because of the following reasons due paimarily to the presence of reverse direction current: (1) low paint deposition rate, (2) low coulombic yield, and (3) high electric power loss. The present work is concerned with the development of a new electropainting process utilizing a specially made electrode which has a function of both rectifier and condenser of high capacity. The features of this new electropainting process may be summarized as follows: (1) A special electrode is prepared by forming anodic oxide film of certain thickness on either Ta, Nb, Zr, Ti, Al or their alloys so that it warks as both condenser and rectifier. (2) Percentage of reverse direction current is kept within 20% of right direction current by controlling the area ratio of the electrodes or the thickness of anodic oxide film. (3) Phase angle (φ) of bath current under reverse direction voltage is kept at π/3≤φ≤π/2.

Method of Measuring and Controlling Evaporation Rates during the Production of Thin Films in Vacuum

A new method and device will be described for measuring the density in a vapor stream of any material that will be deposited on a suitable substrate in vacuum. For this purpose a ``nude'' ionization gauge is used. The new ionization method differs from others in that it discriminates between the ions of the vapor and those resulting from the background pressure in the vacuum system. The ionization gauge is placed over a hole in the substrate holder; this hole is periodically opened and closed by a shutter vibrating at a low frequency, so that the ion gauge will receive a pulsed vapor stream and detect an alternating ion current superimposed on the direct ion current. A narrow-band amplifier will amplify only the alternating ion current of the frequency of the shutter vibrator. A current integrator may control the total amount of evaporated material. The ionization gauge used in this method can easily measure the total pressure when the filtering system is bypassed. Calibration curves will be shown and a theory given. Sensitivities of the order of 1 A/sec and lower have been obtained.