Direct Seeded Upland Rice Research Articles

Growth characteristics of multipurpose tree species, crop productivity and soil properties in agroforestry systems under subtropical humid climate in India

Multipurpose tree species (MPTs) were studied in an agroforestry arboretum under subtropical humid climate in Northeast India. Out of 12 MPTs planted under agroforestry systems, Acacia auriculiformis in spacing of 2 m × 2 m (2500 stems·hm−2) could have the potentiality to meet the timber/fuelwood requirement due to its high wood production of 635 m3·hm−2 with mean annual increment (MAI) of 2.54×10−2·m3·tree1·a−1 in a short rotation period of 10 years. Thus, A. auriculiformis is a short rotation forest tree species suitable to grow in subtropical humid climate. On the other hand, at 16 years of age, Eucalyptus hybrid and Michelia champaca in spacing of 3 m × 3 m (1111 stems·hm−2) produced appreciably high timber volume of 315 m3·hm–2 and 165 m3·hm−2 with MAI of 1.77×10−2 m3·tree−1·a−1 and 0.92×10−2 m3·tree−1·a−1, respectively. At 16 years of age, Gmelina arborea produced a timber volume of 147 m3·hm−2 with MAI of 1.47×10–2 m3·tree−1·a−1 followed by Samania saman (140 m3·hm−2), Albizzia procera (113 m3·hm−2) and Tectona grandis (79 m3·hm−2) with MAI of 1.40, 1.13 and 0.78 × 10−2 m3·tree−1·a−1, respectively in 4 m × 4 m spacing (625 stems·hm−2). Gliricidia maculata and Leucaena leucocephala could be used as live fences around the farm boundary to supply their N-rich leaves for mulch as well as manure to crops. In agroforestry arboretum, direct seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa-variety, AR-11), groundnut (Arachis hypogaea-variety, JL-24) and sesamum (Sesamum indicum-variety, B-67) were grown during the initial period upto 8 years of tree establishment. Under other MPTs, there was a reduction in crop productivity as compared to open space. After 8 years of tree establishment, horti-silvi and silvi-pastoral systems were developed and pineapple (Ananas comosus-variety Queen), turmeric (Curcuma longa-variety RCT-1) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis-variety Pusa Barsati) as forage crop were raised. The productivity of pineapple, turmeric and cowpea was comparatively high under Azadirachta indica. The productivity of horticultural and forage crops in association with trees such as G. arborea, A. procera, S. saman, T. grandis and M. champaca of high timber value could be harnessed as viable agroforestry systems. Changes in soil properties were also monitored. Amelioration of soil acidity, increase in soil organic carbon, and enhanced humification of soil humus, high nutrient availability, low soil erodibility and high surface soil (0–15 cm) moisture availability were noted in soils under MPTs.

Enhancing efficiency of fertilizer N use in rice–wheat systems of Indo-Gangetic Plains by intercropping Sesbania aculeata in direct seeded upland rice for green manuring

A field experiment was conducted on rice–wheat system at Modipuram, India in Typic Ustochrept. Sesbania was intercropping in direct seeded rice for green manuring with 3 levels of Urea N (i.e., O, 60, 120 and 180 Kg N ha −1). Sesbania was turned in the soil after 30 days of sowing. Grain yields of rice and wheat were significantly greater in plots receiving green manuring than that without green manuring. In general, advantages of green manuring were greater at low levels of N than at higher levels, and the residual effect of green manuring on succeeding wheat was very small.

Efficacy of cyhalofop-butyl alone and in combination with 2,4-D against mixed weed flora in direct-seeded upland rice (Oiyza sativa)

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999 at Agronomy Research Farm of the CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur, to find out the best combination of cyhalofop-butyl and 2,4-D in controlling mixed weed flora in direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cyhalofop-butyl 90 and 120 glha when tank mixed with 2,4-D 1.0 kglha lost its herbicidal property completely and did not control any of the grass weeds. However, 2, 4-D in mixture controlled broad-leaf weeds completely, When these herbicides were applied in sequence both grass and broad-leaf weeds were controlled effectively. Cyhalofop-butyl 120 glha (1 5 DAS) followed by 2, 4-D 1.0 kglha (20 DAS) and 2, 4-D 1.0 kglha (15 DAS) followed by cyhalofop-butyl 120 glha (20 DAS) being at par with each other and also with hand-weeding twice resulted in significantly lower weed dry weight and hence higher yield attributes and yield of rice over all other treatments.

Effect of nitrogen and weed management in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) under upland conditions

A field experiment was conducted during the rainy season of 2002 and 2003 at Sabour study the effect of nitro- gen and weed management in direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). Grain and straw yields of rice and N, P and K uptake by rice crop and weeds increased significantly with successive increase in nitrogen up to 120 kglha. The splits in which basal application of nitrogen was skipped off resulted in significantly higher yield attributes, grain and straw yields and nutrient uptake by crop in comparison to splits wherein part of nitrogen was applied at sowing owing to lower weed dry weight and nutrient depletion by weeds that resulted in higher weed-control effi- ciency and N-use efficiency. Among the weed-management practices, 2 hand-weedings at 20 and 40 days after sowing and pre-emergence application of butachlor at 1.5 kglha + 1 hand-weeding at 30 DAS were at par; they significantly reduced the density and dry weight of weeds and nutrient depletion by weeds. These treatments sig- nificantly increased the nutrient uptake by the crop, resulting in higher grain yield (4.18 and 4.16 tlha) of 120 kg N/ ha as a result of higher weed-control efficiency (90.6 and 84.3%), N-use efficiency (33.5 and 32.9 kg grainlkg of N applied) and production efficiency (60.4 and 60.3 kg grainlkg N applied) respectively. However, minimum nutrient uptake by crop and miximum nutrient removal by weeds were noted under weedy check.

Integrated weed management in rainfed direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa)

Integrated weed management in rainfed direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa)

Influence of precision nutrient and weed management on growth and productivity of direct-seeded upland rice (Oryza sativa) under Eastern Plateau and Hills Region

A field experiment was conducted at the Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, during the rainy season (kharif) of 2019, to find out the effect of nutrient and weed management on growth and yield of direct-seeded, upland rice (Oryza sa- tiva L.). The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, comprising 3 nutrient-management practices in the main plots and 5 weed-management practices in the subplots, with 3 replications. The study revealed that, preci- sion nutrient management like Nutrient Expert guided NPK and weed management through Pendimethalin fol- lowed by (fb) hand-weeding recorded lesser weed density (7.24 and 7.34 respectively), least weed dry weight at harvesting (10.11 and 9.94 g/m2 respectively), maximum grain yield (3,630 and 4,090 kg/ha respectively) and higher leaf area index (LAI) at 60 days after sowing (60 DAS) as compared to weedy check. Also, there was a sig- nificantly positive correlation observed among the yield-attributing characters for obataining higher grain yield.

Effect of Alternative Cropping Systems on Yield and Advantage in Direct Seeded Upland Rice Areas in Indian Sub‐tropics

AbstractAn experiment was conducted during rainy season (April‐August) of 1994 and 1995 to assess the performance of rice, maize, sesame, greengram and blackgram grown in sole and intercropping system on Gangetic alluvial upland (Entisol) in West Bengal. India. All intercropping systems except sesame + rice had higher total productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield and net returns than all the sole crops. However, maximum advantage was obtained from paired row planted maize blackgram system followed by maize + sesame, maize + blackgram and paired row planted rice + blackgram. Paired row planted maize + blackgram increased land use efficiency (42%), rice equivalent yield (2955 kg ha−1), monetary return (Rs. 7294 ha−1), income equivalent ratio (1.22), monetary advantage (Rs. 3701 ha−1) compared with other cropping systems, which proved to be the most efficient system. The same treatment also indicated a modest competitive ratio (4.65:0.21) and gave a good value for the product of crowding coefficient (8.28).

EFFECT OF FERTILITY LEVELS, SPACINGS AND WEED CONTROL MEASURES ON UPLAND DIRECT SEEDED RICE GROWTH, YIELD ATTRIBUTES AND YIELD

Studies carried outat the Banaras Hindu University, Varanashi in kharif season of 1988 and 1989 to determine the most effective method of weed control in direct seeded upland rice revealed that higher fertility levels (N100 P50 K 50) and norrower spacing (20cm. uniform row) produced more dry matter and increased grain and straw yield of rice crop. Among weed control treatments, hand weeding twice was most effective in-augmenting-growth and yield of rice crop. Among weed control treatments, hand weeding twice was most effective in augmenting growth and yield of rice crop followed by butacholor at the rate of 2.5 Kg. a.i./ha. + one hand weeding (21 DAS)

Effect of Time and Number of Weedings on Direct Seeded Upland Rice Yields

Effect of Time and Number of Weedings on Direct Seeded Upland Rice Yields

Intercropping of upland rice with blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.)

SummaryTo increase the productivity of fields growing direct-seeded upland rice, which usually gives low yields because of weed competition, unsatisfactory establishment and exposure to intermittent drought, an experiment on intercropping of rice with blackgram was conducted in two seasons under rainfed conditions on a sandy loam soil. Blackgram, when intersown simultaneously in one row in every 30 cm wide space left between the stand of 10 cm apart paired rows of rice, reduced the yield of rice by 1·64 t/ha. When one row of blaokgram was intersown, 21 days after sowing of rice (after completing weeding) between the paired rows of rice, rice yield was reduced by only 0·24 t/ha compared with solecropping of rice with weeding. This system provided mean yields of 2·48 t/ha of riceand 0·95 t/ha of blackgram. The price of blackgram being high, it showed a mean monetary advantage of Rs. 2373/ha over sole cropping of rice. The blackgram reduced the weed population appreciably.

Weed Control in Direct-Seeded Upland Rice

Weed Control in Direct-Seeded Upland Rice

Agroeconomic Evaluation of Farmers' Direct-Seeded Upland Rice Crop At a Rainfed Site in Bangladesh

Agroeconomic Evaluation of Farmers' Direct-Seeded Upland Rice Crop At a Rainfed Site in Bangladesh