Direct Seeded Basmati Rice Research Articles

G XE Interaction and ammi biplot analysis of harvest index and test grain weight in direct seeded basmati rice

G XE Interaction and ammi biplot analysis of harvest index and test grain weight in direct seeded basmati rice

Sowing time and weed management to enhance productivity of direct-seeded aromatic rice

Field experiments were conducted during Kharif 2012 and 2013 sandy clay loam soil to study the effect of times of planting and weed management in direct-seeded aromatic rice in foot hills J&K Himalayas. Results revealed that direct-seeded basmati rice sown on 15th June and 10th July recorded non-significant results with respect to grain and straw yield. Among herbicidal weed management, post-emergence application of bispyribac at 30 g/ha recorded significantly higher grain and straw yield which was at par with post-emergence application of cyhalofop-butyl + 2, 4-D 90 g/ha + 500 g/ha and anilophos + ethoxysulfuron at 375 g/ha + 15 g/ha with B: C ratio of 2.98 and 3.95 during Kharif 2012 and 2013, respectivly. It was owing to higher number of panicles/m2, grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight along with lowest weed density, weed dry matter, higher weed control efficiency and lowest weed index.

Yield and Quality Evaluation of Direct Seeded Basmati Rice (Oryza sativaL.) under Different Irrigation and Nitrogen Regimes

Management practices need to be developed for successful cultivation of good quality aerobic basmati rice. Field experiments were conducted at Ludhiana, India during the summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 to ascertain the optimum irrigation schedule and dose and timings of nitrogen application to direct seeded basmati rice cultivar Pusa Basmati 1121. Three irrigation schedules (irrigations at 30, 50 and 70 mm CPE), three nitrogen levels (40, 60 and 80 kg N ha−1) and two modules of nitrogen splits (3 splits, i.e. application at 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing and 4 splits, i.e. application at 0, 3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing) were tested in randomized block design with four replications on a loamy sand soil. The maximum grain yield, protein content, brown, milled and head rice recovery were obtained with irrigations at 30 mm CPE and these were significantly better than 50 and 70 mm CPE irrigation schedules. Among nitrogen levels, the significant increase in grain yield as well as quality parameters, viz. protein content, brown, milled and head rice recovery was recorded only up to a nitrogen dose of 60 kg ha−1. In Indian Punjab, good quality direct seeded basmati rice can be produced by following the irrigation schedule of 30 mm CPE and with the application of 60 kg N ha−1 applied in 3 splits (3, 6 and 9 weeks after sowing).

Performance of direct-seeded basmati rice in loamy sand in semi-arid sub-tropical India

One of the resource conservation technologies for rice ( Oryza sativa) is direct seeding technique, which may be more water efficient and labour cost-effective apart from being conducive for mechanization. The crop establishment during the initial stages may depend upon the method of direct seeding, cultivar and seed rate. A study was carried out during 2004–2005 to evaluate the effect of different seeding techniques, cultivars and seed rates on the performance of direct-seeded basmati rice in loamy sand (coarse loamy, calcareous, mixed hyperthermic, Typic Ustipsamments) at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. The treatments in main plots included four seeding techniques (broadcast in puddled plots, direct drilling in puddled plots, direct drilling in compacted plots and direct drilling under unpuddled and uncompacted conditions). The subplots treatments comprised of two cultivars (Pusa Basmati-1 and Basmati-386) and three seed rates (at 30, 40 and 50 kg ha −1). The moisture retention and bulk density at harvest were sufficiently lower in uncompacted/unpuddled plots than compacted or puddled plots more so in 0–30 cm soil layer. The crop stand establishment was higher in direct-drilled compacted plots with 50 kg seed ha −1. It was higher in Pusa Basmati-1 than Basmati-386. The direct drilling after compaction produced 28% higher biomass than uncompacted/unpuddled plots. Similar trend was observed in leaf area index and effective tillers. Effective tillers were significantly higher with 30 kg seed ha −1and were higher in Pusa Basmati-1 than Basmati-386. The root mass density of basmati rice in 0–15 cm soil layer at 45 days after sowing was 1549 g m −3 in compacted soils, 1258 g m −3 in broadcasting in puddled soil and 994 g m −3 with direct drilling in puddled soil. The grain yield of basmati rice was 44% and 30% higher in direct-drilled compacted and puddled plots, respectively, than uncompacted/unpuddled plots.

Efficacy of different herbicides against complex weed flora in direct-seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa)

A field experiment was carried out during the rainy (kharif) season of 2013 at the Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Karnal, India, to evaluate the different combinations of herbicides as alone and tank-mix to control the dynamic and complex weed flora in direct-seeded basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.). Bispyribac-Na was the most effective against grassy weed Echinochloa crus-galli, and pyrazosulfuron, azimsulfuron and ethoxysulfuron against broad-leaf weeds and sedges. Tank-mix application of fenoxaprop showed antagonistic effect on efficacy of bispyribac against weeds. Among the herbicidal treatments, application of pendimethalin 1,000 g/ha (PRE) followed by(fb) tank-mix combination of bispyribac-sodium 25 g/ha with pyrazosulfuron 25 g/ha or azimsulfuron 20 g/ha or ethoxysulfuron 18.037.5 g/ha (weed-control efficiency at 60 DAS: 93.395.6%) were found to be the best combinations for control of complex weed flora in direct-seeded rice, with significant improvement in effective tillers (71.373/m row length), grain yield (4,0134,103 kg/ha), net returns ( 108,856113,485/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.452.53) as compared to weedy check (35.0/m row length, 1,552 kg/ha, 1,590/ha and 1.02 respectively).

Productivity and profitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum) as influenced by different cropping systems and nutrient sources

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201415 and 201516 at New Delhi, to evaluate the effects of cropping systems and nutrient sources on yield attributes, yields and economics of wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) emend. Fiori & Paol]. Of the tested cropping systems, direct-seeded basmati rice (DSBR) (Oryza sativa L.)wheatmungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] system exhibited the highest values of yield at- tributes, viz. effective tillers, grains/spike and 1,000-seed weight which led to the highest grain yield (4.44 t/ha) and wheat equivalent yield (WEY) (11.7 t/ha). Among the nutrient sources, application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) + 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through vermicompost (VC) + bio-fertilizer re- sulted in the highest yield attributes, grain (4.76 t/ha) and straw (6.86 t/ha) yields and gross returns (105.07 103 /ha) followed by 50% RDF + 25% RDN through leaf compost (LC) + bio-fertilizer. A strong positive correlation (r2 = 0.690.97) was also observed between yield attributes (effective tillers/m2 and grains/spike) and yield of wheat. The uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in grain and straw of wheat remained statistically identical in DSBRwheatfallow and DSBRwheatmungbean systems. Application of 50% RDF + 25% RDN-VC + bio-fertilizer registered significantly the highest uptake of N, P and K in both grain and straw of wheat and found on a par with 50% RDF + 25% RDN-LC + bio-fertilizer and 100% RDF. On the basis of net returns an application of 100% RDF was found superior to all the treatments. Therefore, DSBRwheatmungbean cropping system in conjunction with 50% RDF + 25% RDN-VC + bio-fertilizer or 50% RDF + 25% RDN-LC + bio-fertilizer significantly improved the yield attributes, leading to higher productivity and profitability of wheat over the control.