Direct Retrieval Research Articles

Marine-Sediment Characteristics and Thickness Over The Eroded Sayung Coast, Demak, Indonesia

An over whelming erosion occurred in Sayung waters is related to sedimentary processes. That is why the deeper determination of sediment characteristics through direct survey and acoustic data retrieval is crucial. Several previous related studies had been conducted revealing the rate and model of sedimentation. This study aimed to describe the sedimentary processes according to its features and deposition. In this study, we conducted a grab-sampling, bathymetry surveys and also hydrodynamical model. Grain size analysis was employed to observe the characteristics of sediment and its deposition environment. At the same time, we applied dual-frequency bathymetry data for estimating sediment thickness which reflects the accumulation sediment over Sayung waters. We found that sediment texture varies from sand to clay, while coarse sediment fraction is dominant in the western part. Near the coastline area of Sayung waters reflecting the more potent transport mechanism in the deposition environment, proven by the less-accumulated sediment from 0-2.5 km from the coastline. In sea-ward regions, we observed the finer sediment fraction, showing that the low-transport mechanism takes place. The topographical alteration has intensively occurred at 2.5-3.2 km from the coastline. Tidal current has an essential role in inducing local transport whereby the speed varies ranging from 0-0.14 m/s, other than that, the more substantial current features have observed in Surodadi and Bedono coast moving perpendicularly toward the beach. In contrast, in the southern Sayung waters, the current profiles tend to be weak inducing higher sedimentation. Besides, the emergence of the sandbar has a role in reflecting sediment texture predomination in Sayung waters.

Memory suppression and its deficiency in psychological disorders: A focused meta-analysis.

It is still debated whether suppressing the retrieval of unwanted memories causes forgetting and whether this constitutes a beneficial mechanism. To shed light on these 2 questions, we scrutinize the evidence for such suppression-induced forgetting (SIF) and examine whether it is deficient in psychological disorders characterized by intrusive thoughts. Specifically, we performed a focused meta-analysis of studies that have used the think/no-think procedure to test SIF in individuals either affected by psychological disorders or exhibiting high scores on related traits. Overall, across 96 effects from 25 studies, we found that avoiding retrieval leads to significant forgetting in healthy individuals, with a small to moderate effect size (0.28, 95% CI [0.14, 0.43]). Importantly, this effect was indeed larger than for more anxious (-0.21, 95% CI [-0.41, -0.02]) or depressed individuals (0.05, 95% CI [-0.19, 0.29])-though estimates for the healthy may be inflated by publication bias. In contrast, individuals with a stronger repressive coping style showed greater SIF (0.42, 95% CI [0.32, 0.52]). Furthermore, moderator analyses revealed that SIF varied with the exact suppression mechanism that participants were instructed to engage. For healthy individuals, the effect sizes were considerably larger when instructions induced specific mechanisms of direct retrieval suppression or thought substitution than when they were unspecific. These results suggest that intact suppression-induced forgetting is a hallmark of psychological well-being, and that inducing more specific suppression mechanisms fosters voluntary forgetting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Pediatric Heart Transplantation Following Donation after Circulatory Death, Distant Procurement and Ex-Situ Perfusion

Purpose There remains a significant shortage of organs for children listed for heart transplant. This may be ameliorated by controlled donation after circulatory death (DCD), which has proven success in adults. However, there are numerous challenges in retrieval, assessment and transportation of DCD hearts. We report a unique collaboration between 2 centres, combining expertise in DCD organ retrieval and paediatric transplantation. Methods All families of children over 20 kg listed for heart transplantation were approached for DCD listing; all consented (n = 20). DCD hearts were procured by direct retrieval and perfusion, and then mounted, perfused and assessed on an ex-situ cardiac perfusion machine (Organ Care System (OCS), TransMedics, Inc., Andover, MA), before transfer to the implanting unit. Results Between 1 Feb and 30 Jun 2020, 5 children received a DCD heart (aged 12 to 16 years; two female). Two had previous cardiac surgery, and none had transpulmonary gradient > 8 mmHg. Donor median age was 19.5 years (15-43); three were male. Donor heart mean functional warm ischaemic time was 25 minutes (22 - 28). Mean travel distance was 150 miles (40 - 220) and mean ex-situ perfusion time was 266 minutes (192 - 325). Initial arterial lactate on the OCS was 8.8 mmol/l (4.7-11.7) and venous 8.0 mmol/l (4.7 - 10.1); these fell to 4.7 mmol/l (2.2 - 7.4) and 4.4 mmol/L (2 - 7.1) respectively during transport. No recipients required post-operative mechanical support. Median ITU stay was 8 days (7 - 11) and total hospital stay was 16 days (12 - 21). Pre-discharge echocardiography showed good biventricular function in all recipients except one with mild left and moderate right ventricular dysfunction; all now have excellent graft function. In the same period, 6 DBD transplants were performed in those listed for DCD; although not reaching statistical significance, ventilation, inotrope use, ITU and hospital stay were all shorter in the DCD group. Conclusion The use of previously unavailable DCD hearts has increased transplant activity by 83% in children > 20 kg in this early series. By combining the expertise of one unit in organ retrieval using novel technologies with another in paediatric transplantation, all patients had excellent short-term outcomes. Development of the DCD program to include the use of smaller organs is now a priority for both units.

Speciation Analysis of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in Water with Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy.

Identifying and quantifying chromium in water are important for the protection of precious water resources from chromium pollution. Standard methods however are unable to easily distinguish toxic hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from innocuous trivalent chromium, Cr(III), are time-consuming, or require large sample quantity. We show in this report that Cr(VI) and Cr(III) in water can be differentiated based on their distinct spectral features of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Their SERS signals exhibit different pH dependences: the SERS features of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) are most prominent at pH values of 10 and 5.5, respectively. The obtained limit of detection of Cr(VI) in water is below 0.1 mg/L. Both concentration curves of their SERS signals show Langmuir sorption isotherm behavior. A procedure was developed to quantify Cr(VI) concentration based on the direct retrieval or addition method with an error of 10%. Finally, the SERS detection of Cr(VI) is shown to be insensitive to co-present Cr(III). The developed SERS procedure offers potential to monitor toxic chromium in fields.

Multidirectional total variation-based method for fringe pattern despeckling: application to the phase retrieval in digital speckle pattern interferometry

Digital speckle pattern interferometry (DSPI) is a widely used technique in various high-precision nondestructive testing applications. However, a coherence multiplicative noise, called speckle noise, is produced. Speckle noise degrades the quality and the resolution of the fringes, leading to difficulties in fringe analysis and phase retrieval. We aim to restore the DSPI correlation fringes and reduce the speckle noise through a multidirectional total variation method. In this method, the local fringe orientation, computed through Riesz transform, is used to increase the sensitivity of the variational regularization to the spatially varying directional intensity changes. The proposed algorithm is applied to the directional wavelet phase retrieval technique. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated with both simulated and experimental DSPI fringe patterns, obtaining satisfactory results.

Post-COVID-19 functional status: Relation to age, smoking, hospitalization, and previous comorbidities.

RATIONAL:Recently, a new “Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale” is recommended in the current COVID-19 pandemic. It is proposed that it could be used to display direct retrieval and the functional sequelae of COVID-19.AIM OF THE STUDY:The aim of the study was to assess the PCFS and to evaluate if age, gender, smoking, hospitalization, and comorbidities have any effect on functional limitations in recovered COVID-19 patients.METHODS:A total of 444 registered confirmed COVID-19 patients were included. They were interviewed in our follow-up clinics and filled an Arabic translated PCFS scale as well as their demographic and clinical data.RESULTS:Eighty percent of COVID-19 recovered cases have diverse degrees of functional restrictions ranging from negligible (63.1%), slight (14.4%), moderate (2%), to severe (0.5%) based on PCFS. Furthermore, there was a substantial variance between the score of PCFS with age (P = 0.003), gender (P = 0.014), the duration since the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 (P < 0.001), need for oxygen supplementation (P < 0.001), need for intensive care unit (ICU) admittance (P = 0.003), previous periodic influenza vaccination (P < 0.001), smoking status (P < 0.001), and finally, the presence of any comorbid disorder (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Most of the COVID-19 recovered cases have diverse degrees of functional restrictions ranging from negligible to severe based on PCFS. These restrictions were affected by age, gender, periodic influenza vaccination, smoking, duration since symptoms onset, need for oxygen or ICU admittance, and finally the presence of coexisting comorbidity.

Named Data Networking‐Based On‐Demand Secure Vehicle‐To‐Vehicle Communications

The detection of secure vehicles for content placement in vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communications makes a challenging situation for a well‐organized dynamic nature of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). With the increase in the demand of efficient and adoptable content delivery, information‐centric networking (ICN) can be a promising solution for the future needs of the network. ICN provides a direct retrieval of content through its unique name, which is independent of locations. It also performs better in content retrieval with its in‐network caching and named‐based routing capabilities. Since vehicles are mobile devices, it is very crucial to select a caching node, which is secure and reliable. The security of data is quite important in the vehicular named data networking (VNDN) environment due to its vital importance in saving the life of drivers and pedestrians. To overcome the issue of security and reduce network load in addition to detect a malicious activity, we define a blockchain‐based distributive trust model to achieve security, trust, and privacy of the communicating entities in VNDN, named secure vehicle communication caching (SVC‐caching) mechanism for the placement of on‐demand data. The proposed trust management mechanism is decentralized in nature, which is used to select a trustworthy node for cluster‐based V2V communications in the VNDN environment. The SVC‐caching strategy is simulated in the NS‐2 simulator. The results are evaluated based on one‐hop count, delivery ratio, cache hit ratio, and malicious node detection. The results demonstrate that the proposed technique improves the performance based on the selected parameters.

Structure retrieval in liquid-phase electron scattering.

Electron scattering on liquid samples has been enabled recently by the development of ultrathin liquid sheet technologies. The data treatment of liquid-phase electron scattering has been mostly reliant on methodologies developed for gas electron diffraction, in which theoretical inputs and empirical fittings are often needed to account for the atomic form factor and remove the inelastic scattering background. In this work, we present an alternative data treatment method that is able to retrieve the radial distribution of all the charged particle pairs without the need of either theoretical inputs or empirical fittings. The merits of this new method are illustrated through the retrieval of real-space molecular structure from experimental electron scattering patterns of liquid water, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and dichloromethane.

Possibility of using multiscale normalized difference vegetation index data for the assessment of total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in surface water: A specific case of scale issues in remote sensing

The degradation of watersheds creates immense pressure on water quality, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Total suspended solids (TSS) provide essential information to water environmental quality assessments. However, the calibration of direct retrieval models requires complicated preparations and further increases uncertainties. Here, we hypothesized that a common remote sensing index (NDVI, normalized difference vegetation index) could be used to estimate TSS concentrations in water due to the effects of canopy cover. To address this hypothesis, we collected 65 water samples from the Ebinur Lake Watershed, northwest China, to investigate the potential relationships between TSS concentrations and Sentinel-2-based NDVI at various scales (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m). Subsequently, we established a classical measurement error (CME) model for the estimation of TSS concentrations. The results showed that TSS concentration is negatively related to the NDVI value at all buffer distances. The 300 m scale mean NDVI value showed the most effective explanation of the variations in TSS concentrations (R2 = 0.83, P-value < 0.001), which indicated that the TSS concentration can be assessed by NDVI. The CME model showed that NDVI values played an important role in the assessment of TSS concentrations in surface water. Furthermore, the results of both leave-one-out cross-validation and the accuracy measure suggested that this specific method is satisfactory. Compared with previous statistical and field monitoring results, the proposed method is promising for cost-effective monitoring of TSS concentrations in water, especially in data-poor watersheds. This specific method may provide the basis for the conservation and management of nonpoint source pollution in arid regions.

Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring

Validation of GRASP algorithm product from POLDER/PARASOL data and assessment of multi-angular polarimetry potential for aerosol monitoring

Interpretation of archaeological data based on direct and remote retrieval of information

This paper focuses on the archaeological and architectural analysis of the Late Roman settlement of Umm al-Dabadib (Kharga Oasis, Egypt). The available information on the archaeological remains of this site includes on-site hand-made sketches, photographs, 3D surveys. The final aim of this specific research is the interpretation and reconstruction of the historical context of this site by combining sources of different nature. This paper presents the methodology employed to elaborate the 3D data in order to achieve a digital restitution of the archaeological map of the entire settlement, which covers an area of about one hectare. The starting point was the elaboration of the close-range photogrammetric survey of the Fortified Settlement that allowed the creation of a 3D point cloud of the whole area, based on the elaboration of over 5,000 photographs, from which a complete and detailed metric model was derived. This 3D model played a key role to extract metric information and to reconstruct the geometrical structure of the settlement, but this result could only be achieved thanks to the successful combination of the digital data with the hand-made sketches and the pictures taken in situ in the recent past. This paper represents an outcome of the project LIFE (Living In a Fringe Environment), funded by the ERC CoGrant 681673.

Optimal Interpolation Model for Synthetic Aperture Radar Wind Retrieval

The variational model inversion (VAR) method for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) wind retrieval based on Bayesian theory can overcome the limitation of the traditional wind streak algorithm by introducing background wind and considering all sources of error, but its optimal solution is unstable and the time latency is long. In this paper, we propose a new wind retrieval method by applying optimal interpolation (OI) theory to construct a formula that considers the SAR information, background information coming from the numerical prediction model, and their associated wellcharacterized errors. The retrieved wind vector can be acquired by the analytic solution of the OI formula. Experimental results of the simulation data and Sentinel-1 SAR data show that the OI wind retrieval method can effectively reduce the background wind error and is more sensitive to wind speed than wind direction. Compared with other methods, the accuracy of the OI method is similar to that of the VAR method, but significantly higher than that of the direct wind retrieval (DIRECT) method. The time latency of the OI method is the shortest, and the calculation efficiency is much higher than that of the VAR method. The OI method can be effectively applied to SAR wind retrieval and has unique advantages.Sea surface wind is a crucial parameter for studying the physical quantity of the sea surface and plays an important role in many fields such as weather forecasts [1, 2], wind energy resource management [3,4], wave numerical simulation [5,6], and oil spill monitoring [7,8]. Because of the limited spatial and temporal coverage, high-precision sea surface wind acquired from buoys, ships and offshore platforms are not meeting the growing demand [9].In recent decades, with the development of satellite remote sensing, the technology of acquiring sea surface wind using satellite sensor detection data has gradually matured and improved. Among various satellite sensors, microwave radiometers and scatterometers play an important role in providing global sea surface wind. However, microwave radiometers and scatterometers can acquire only low spatial resolution (12.5-50 km) sea surface wind. This relatively low spatial resolution is

Direct peroral cholangioscopic retrieval of an inward migrated plastic stent lodged in the cystic duct and liver hilum.

Direct peroral cholangioscopic retrieval of an inward migrated plastic stent lodged in the cystic duct and liver hilum.

Performance analysis of phase retrieval using transport of intensity with digital holography [Invited

The performance of direct and unwrapped phase retrieval, which combines digital holography with the transport of intensity, is examined in detail in this paper. In this technique, digital holography is used to numerically reconstruct the intensities at different planes around the image plane, and phase retrieval is achieved by the transport of intensity. Digital holography with transport of intensity is examined for inline and off-axis geometries. The effect of twin images in the inline case is evaluated. Phase-shifting digital holography with transport of intensity is introduced. The performance of digital holography with transport of intensity is compared with traditional off-axis single- and dual-wavelength techniques, which employ standard phase unwrapping algorithms. Simulations and experiments are performed to determine and compare the accuracy of phase retrieval through a mean-squared-error figure of merit as well as the computational speeds of the various methods.

Searching for the past: Exploring the dynamics of direct and generative autobiographical memory reconstruction among young and cognitively normal older adults.

Episodic autobiographical memories (EAMs) can come to mind through two retrieval routes, one direct (i.e., an EAM is retrieved almost instantaneously) and the other generative (i.e., by using autobiographical/general knowledge to cue an EAM). It is well established that normal cognitive aging is associated with a reduction in the retrieval of EAMs, but the contributions of direct or generative reconstruction to the age-related shift toward general memories remain unknown. Prior studies also have not clarified whether similar cognitive mechanisms facilitate the ability to successfully reconstruct EAMs and elaborate them in event-specific detail. To address these gaps in knowledge, young and older participants were asked to reconstruct EAMs using a "think-aloud" paradigm and then describe in detail a subset of retrieved memories. An adapted scoring procedure was implemented to categorize memories accessed during reconstruction, and the Autobiographical Interview (AI) scoring procedure was utilized for elaboration scoring. Results indicated that in comparison with young adults, older adults not only engaged in direct retrieval less often than young adults but they also more often ended generative retrieval at general events instead of EAMs. The ability to elaborate EAMs with internal details was positively associated with the ability to use generative retrieval to reconstruct EAMs in both young and older adults, but there was no relationship between internal detail elaboration and direct retrieval in either age group. Taken together, these results indicate age-related differences in direct and generative retrieval contribute to overgeneral autobiographical memory and they support a connection between generative retrieval and elaboration.

Are small additions solved by direct retrieval from memory or automated counting procedures? A rejoinder to Chen and Campbell (2018)

Contrary to the longstanding and consensual hypothesis that adults mainly solve small single-digit additions by directly retrieving their answer from long-term memory, it has been recently argued that adults could solve small additions through fast automated counting procedures. In a recent article, Chen and Campbell (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25, 739–753, 2018) reviewed the main empirical evidence on which this alternative hypothesis is based, and concluded that there is no reason to jettison the retrieval hypothesis. In the present paper, we pinpoint the fact that Chen and Campbell reached some of their conclusions by excluding some of the problems that need to be considered for a proper argumentation against the automated counting procedure theory. We also explain why, contrary to Chen and Campbell’s assumption, the network interference model proposed by Campbell (Mathematical Cognition, 1, 121–164, 1995) cannot account for our data. Finally, we clarify a theoretical point of our model.

Wind direction retrieval of tropical cyclone from SAR imagery using improved local gradient method

Tropical cyclones (TCs) have caused heavy losses of human life and property. Hence, it is necessary to study TC. Additionally, the retrieval of wind direction is an important part among many researches of TC. Fortunately, Typhoon Iselle, Typhoon Nuri, and Tropical Storm Haima were captured by RADARSAT-2, Typhoon Hermine, Tropical Storm Harvey, and Super Typhoon Jose were captured by Sentinel-1A. In this paper, the wind directions of the six TCs are retrieved from SAR images by improved local gradient (ILG) method. The results show that the sea surface wind directions retrieved by ILG method have good correlation with the texture of the six TCs, respectively. This research is helpful for estimating wind speeds and constructing wind field of a TC.

Characterization of FIREFLY, an Imaging Spectrometer Designed for Remote Sensing of Solar Induced Fluorescence.

Solar induced fluorescence (SIF) is an ecological variable of interest to remote sensing retrievals, as it is directly related to vegetation composition and condition. FIREFLY (fluorescence imaging of red and far-red light yield) is a high performance spectrometer for estimating SIF. FIREFLY was flown in conjunction with NASA Goddard’s lidar, hyperspectral, and thermal (G-LiHT) instrument package in 2017, as a technology demonstration for airborne retrievals of SIF. Attributes of FIREFLY relevant to SIF retrieval, including detector response and linearity; full-width at half maximum (FWHM); stray light; dark current; and shot noise were characterized with a combination of observations from Goddard’s laser for absolute measurement of radiance calibration facility; an integrating sphere; controlled acquisitions of known targets; in-flight acquisitions; and forward modelling. FWHM, stray light, and dark current were found to be of acceptable magnitude, and characterized to within acceptable limits for SIF retrieval. FIREFLY observations were found to represent oxygen absorption features, along with a large number of solar absorption features. Shot noise was acceptable for direct SIF retrievals at native resolution, but indirect SIF retrievals from absorption features would require spatial aggregation, or repeated observations of targets.

Supporting Scholarly Search by Query Expansion and Citation Analysis

Published scholarly articles have increased exponentially in recent years. This growth has brought challenges for academic researchers in locating the most relevant papers in their fields of interest. The reasons for this vary. There is the fundamental problem of synonymy and polysemy, the query terms might be too short, thus making it difficult to distinguish between papers. Also, a new researcher has limited knowledge and often is not sure about what she is looking for until the results are displayed. These issues obstruct scholarly retrieval systems in locating highly relevant publications for a given search query. Researchers seek to tackle these issues. However, the user's intent cannot be addressed entirely by introducing a direct information retrieval technique. In this paper, a novel approach is proposed, which combines query expansion and citation analysis for supporting the scholarly search. It is a two-stage academic search process. Upon receiving the initial search query, in the first stage, the retrieval system provides a ranked list of results. In the second stage, the highest-scoring Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) terms are obtained from a few top-ranked papers for query expansion behind the scene. In both stages, citation analysis is used in further refining the quality of the academic search. The originality of the approach lies in the combined exploitation of both query expansion by pseudo relevance feedback and citation networks analysis that may bring the most relevant papers to the top of the search results list. The approach is evaluated on the ACL dataset. The experimental results reveal that the technique is effective and robust for locating relevant papers regarding normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (nDCG), precision, and recall.

Line Item Budgeting on Labor Costs to the Level of Income

Library research is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. In this study, the authors used the following data collection methods Research library (library research) It is a data collection technique through the library in the form of literature books, and lecture materials that are relevant to the problem under study. Field research (field research) is direct retrieval of the object under study by taking the following steps Observation, namely data collection through direct observation of the object under study, Interviews, namely conducting interviews with leaders and parties interested in the object of research.