Direct Relations Research Articles

Analisis Bauran Komunikasi Pada Layanan Pembiayaan di KSPPS Karisma Grabag dalam Meningkatkan Minat Nasabah

This study aims to find out more and describe the state of the marketing communication mix implemented by the KSPPS Karisma branch of Grabag to arouse the interest of members and increase the number of their members. Increasing The failure of cooperatives to attract members is one of the factors. There is a lack of marketing communications while members are the source. Cooperative survival requires good marketing communications, informing the existence of products and convincing people to make purchases. The method used is descriptive qualitative method in this study. The data analysis method used is data collection, presentation of the data found and conclusions. Information obtained from observations and interviews where the sampling technique was purposive sampling, documentation, internet and literature research was carried out from January 2022 to December 2022. The marketing communication mix used by KSPPS Karisma Grabag to reach members is advertising, personal selling, and word of mouth marketing, direct and interactive marketing and public relations and Advertising. The marketing communication mix used in this study Kharisma KSPPS Grabag increased the number of members.

Enhanced Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion via Learning High-Order Connectivity and Attribute Information

Temporal knowledge graph completion (TKGC) refers to the prediction and filling in of missing facts on time series, which is essential for many downstream applications. However, many existing TKGC methods suffer from two limitations: (1) they only consider direct relations between entities and fail to express high-order structural dependencies between entities; and (2) they only leverage relation quadruples of temporal knowledge graphs, ignoring attribute information that contains rich semantic information. This makes them vulnerable to sparsity and incompleteness problems. In response, we propose HCAE, a temporal knowledge graph completion model that includes high-order connectivity and attribute information. This consists mainly of a recursive embedding propagation layer and a multi-head attention aggregation layer. The former leverages a recursive mechanism to update entity embeddings and can learn high-order connectivity information between entities in linear complexity time. The latter leverages an attention mechanism to understand the importance of different attributes for entity representation automatically. Combining high-order connectivity and attribute information can lead to more diverse entity representations and help enhance the model’s ability to infer unknown entities. Comparative experiments on three real-world datasets show that the model’s inference accuracy significantly outperforms other benchmark methods, especially regarding knowledge graphs with many unknown entities or relations.

Abstract cognitive maps of social network structure aid adaptive inference.

Social navigation-such as anticipating where gossip may spread, or identifying which acquaintances can help land a job-relies on knowing how people are connected within their larger social communities. Problematically, for most social networks, the space of possible relationships is too vast to observe and memorize. Indeed, people's knowledge of these social relations is well known to be biased and error-prone. Here, we reveal that these biased representations reflect a fundamental computation that abstracts over individual relationships to enable principled inferences about unseen relationships. We propose a theory of network representation that explains how people learn inferential cognitive maps of social relations from direct observation, what kinds of knowledge structures emerge as a consequence, and why it can be beneficial to encode systematic biases into social cognitive maps. Leveraging simulations, laboratory experiments, and "field data" from a real-world network, we find that people abstract observations of direct relations (e.g., friends) into inferences of multistep relations (e.g., friends-of-friends). This multistep abstraction mechanism enables people to discover and represent complex social network structure, affording adaptive inferences across a variety of contexts, including friendship, trust, and advice-giving. Moreover, this multistep abstraction mechanism unifies a variety of otherwise puzzling empirical observations about social behavior. Our proposal generalizes the theory of cognitive maps to the fundamental computational problem of social inference, presenting a powerful framework for understanding the workings of a predictive mind operating within a complex social world.

The perception of the Tiktok platform as China’s sharp power instrument in US politics

Public diplomacy can be defined as managing a country’s foreign policy objectives and protecting its national interests by establishing direct social relations and communication with the citizen or government of another country. Public diplomacy, which we know that each country has its own strategy, is handled from a different perspective in China as well. China, which has been identified with the concept of sharp power is confronted with the claims of the new rival of the USA. Recently, claims from the United States that China-based social media platform TikTok has been carrying out sharp power activities have come to the fore. TikTok is considered to be a major force for China as it has over one billion active users. However, there are debates as to whether China manipulates the peoples of other countries through this practice. Censorship and manipulation, the two main concepts of sharp power, are used in TikTok or does TikTok exist independently? The purpose of this article is to explore whether the TikTok platform, one of China's important public diplomacy tools, is perceived as a threat by American politicians. For this purpose, TikTok CEO Shou Zi Chew’s US Congress testimony were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result, it has been confirmed that American politicians perceive TikTok as a sharp power instrument of the Chinese Communist Party. It has been observed that concerns have been expressed about the concepts of censorship, manipulation, propaganda, control, and influence, which are the five elements of sharp power. It has been found that the TikTok platform is perceived as a propaganda device, a psychological warfare weapon, and not a public diplomacy tool or soft power element.

Children’s emotion regulation, behavior regulation, and mathematics achievement: A longitudinal mediation model

ABSTRACT The present study investigated direct as well as indirect relations between children’s emotion regulation (anger- and avoidant-oriented strategies), behavior regulation, and mathematics achievement in a longitudinal study during the transition from primary to secondary school in Germany. Participants were 76 primary school students attending grade four at Time 1, of whom 51 participated again as secondary school students attending grade five at Time 2, as well as children’s mothers and teachers. Anger- and avoidant-oriented emotion regulation strategies at Time 1 were negatively associated to behavior regulation at Time 2. Behavior regulation at Time 2 was positively related to mathematics achievement at Time 2. There were no direct relations between emotion regulation (anger- and avoidant-oriented strategies) at Time 1 and mathematics achievement at Time 2. However, we found significant indirect negative effects between emotion regulation (anger- and avoidant-oriented strategies) at Time 1 and mathematics achievement at Time 2 via behavior regulation at Time 1. Thus, anger- and avoidant-oriented emotion regulation at Time 1 indirectly affected mathematics achievement negatively at Time 2 via behavior regulation at Time 2. This study confirms the complex structure of self-regulatory processes and underlines the importance of specific emotion regulation strategies for mathematics achievement.

Validity and Reliability of Work Ability Index in Turkish Context: Inter-Level, Direct, and Indirect Relations with Job Satisfaction and Task Performance

ABSTRACT Descriptive research on work ability is well advanced. However, literature is still far from explaining its consequences. Besides, Turkish literature has been quite limited in terms of considering the work ability concept. In the research, the work ability index, and task performance scale were adapted to Turkish. The research was patterned with quantitative method. According to findings, the improvement of work ability levels and increase in job satisfaction and task performance are related in the same direction. Moreover, work ability positively contributes to directly predicting job satisfaction and task performance. Furthermore, work ability positively contributes to indirectly predicting task performance through job satisfaction. This mediation effect, determined for the first time, is an important research finding regarding its contribution to literature. Apart from these, there are significant differences in work ability among age groups, and certain age group categories have a moderating effect on the relationship between work ability and task performance. This study demonstrated that work ability index is a valid and reliable tool for the Turkish sample. Besides, the study provides holistic findings thanks to work ability levels and direct and indirect effect analysis. The theoretical and practical implications were discussed, and directions were made to further research.

The Key Debates of Musical Exoticism and Orientalism in Historical Musicology

Edward W. Said’s book, Orientalism, covers direct and indirect relations between the West and the Orient, the European world and the Asian world, in terms of politics, geography, ethnic traditions, morals, and cultures through past centuries. These vibrant crosscurrents have had a significant influence on the spread of humanism in civilization, and most importantly, have emboldened introspection in almost every academic discipline, encouraging racial equality within the development of modernity. Derived from Said’s theory of Orientalism, this paper reviews the key academic debates of musical exoticism and Orientalism within the last thirty years. Sindhumathi Revuluri’s musical reflection on Orientalism, Ralph P. Locke’s analytical methodology, and a case study of Giacomo Puccini’s opera Madame Butterfly by Ping-hui Liao, Dorinne K.Kondo, and Mari Yoshihara from each of their respective and diverse focuses, all extend the theory of Orientalism into the domain of historical musicology.

Examining students’ help-seeking when learning from multiple texts

This study examines how students’ self-regulation, as an individual difference factor, guides their use of informational help-seeking resources when learning from multiple text. We further examine the extent to which engagement in help-seeking is associated with comprehension ratings and multiple text task performance. In this study, students were able to access two types of help-seeking resources during multiple text use: vocabulary aids and conceptual aids. We found students to frequently access help-seeking resources. Moreover, while accessing of help-seeking aids and comprehension ratings during multiple text use directly impacted task performance, students’ self-regulation, as an individual difference factor, was only found to have a significant direct effect on comprehension ratings. Additional direct and indirect relations and implications for future research on students’ self-regulated learning from multiple texts are discussed.

MHD Mixed Convection of Developing Slip Flow in a Vertical Porous Microchannel Under Local Thermal Non–Equilibrium Conditions

ABSTRACT MHD mixed convection heat transfer of an ionized gas in a vertical microchannel filled with a porous medium is simulated and discussed in this study. The considered flow is hydrodynamically and thermally developing with Local Thermal Non – Equilibrium (LTNE) between the gas and the solid matrix. The Darcy – Brinkman – Forchheimer model is utilized to describe the flow filed in the porous medium. Moreover, both velocity – slip and temperature – jump boundary conditions are applied to the gas at the walls. The governing equations are solved by the finite – volume method. Results are presented and discussed in terms of the developed profiles of velocity and temperature of the constituents as well as the variations of the Nusselt number through the microchannel, the numerical values of the hydrodynamic and thermal entry lengths, and the fully – developed Nusselt number for different conditions. It is found that direct relations exist between the fully – developed Nusselt number and the Richardson number, the Reynolds number, the Hartmann number, the Biot number, the thermal conductivity ratio, and the Forchheimer number. With rise in the Knudsen number or the Darcy number, however, the Nusselt number deteriorates. The results indicate that the Knudsen number, the Hartmann number, the Biot number, and the thermal conductivity ratio are the most influential parameters on the fully – developed Nusselt number. It is envisaged that a tenfold increase in the Hartmann number and a hundredfold elevation in the Knudsen number are accompanied by 14% rise and 42% reduction in the fully – developed Nusselt number, respectively.

Ukrainian Organisations and Associations That Shape the Image of the Ukrainian Minority in Poland

The aim of the article is to analyse Ukrainian organisations, associations, and festivals that shape the image of the Ukrainian minority in Poland. Results. Consideration of the topic of the article, and specifically the research process requires reference to a number of basic assumptions, the basis of which is certainly the conviction that every person, regardless of his nationality, is a social being who, assigned to a particular group, functions as a community, forming more or less permanent ties with it. Various theories and methodological assumptions are used to properly present the issues contained in the article, including the normative approach, the discourse around the functioning of national minorities, the historical approach, as well as the functional approach, especially concerning the subject of assimilation of cultures and the mutual interpenetration of what is Ukrainian and Polish, come to the fore. The scientific novelty of the article is a comprehensive study of Ukrainian organisations and associations in Poland, shaping the image of the Ukrainian minority in Poland (on the example of 1991–2019), both in terms of successful cooperation and existing problems. Conclusions. The construction of good-neighbourly relations between nations rests on two pillars: the activities of state institutions and direct relations between citizens of neighbouring states. Negligence in either of these spheres is reflected on the nature of such relations. Lack of action on the part of the authorities in this regard can negatively affect the activity of citizens, in turn, stopping only at the declarations of politicians, in the absence of grassroots initiatives makes such relations, only an empty form without substance. One of the most important examples of grassroots initiatives are various types of organisations, associations, which are created, among other things, to work for the preservation of the cultural identity of the Ukrainian community in Poland and the development of cooperation between Poland and Ukraine.

Брэгговские отражения многослойной дифракционной решетки

The reciprocal space of multilayer grating in the non-coplanar
 geometry of diffraction is investigated. Direct and inverse relations
 between the angles of wave vectors and coordinates of
 reciprocal space are written out. The Bragg’s and diffraction
 reflection angles are written. By example, cones of diffraction
 and reciprocal space mapping are demonstrated.

Foreign trade relations of Hungary with China: A global value chain perspective

AbstractTrade analysis for open economies is strategically important. Even though Hungarian trade relations are oriented towards the EU, the direct and indirect influence of Asia, mainly China, needs special attention. The paper focuses on direct bilateral relations between Hungary and China. The global value chain perspective enables the research to detect inter- and intra-industry dependencies and unfold and compare the industry focuses and dynamics of backward and forward linkages between 2000 and 2018. We used a mixed methodology, combining input-output analysis with company case studies based on a wide range of literature both from Chinese and East-Central European researchers. The findings support the significance of global value chain relations, highlight the restructuring of Hungarian trade relations with China over the past twenty years, and indicate the strong concentration of relations in terms of the number of companies.

Scaling Equations for Annular Flow of Yield-Power Law Fluid and Drill Cuttings

Summary Estimation of frictional pressure loss along the wellbore annulus is the key to determining the wellbore equivalent circulating density. Flow loop experiments are commonly used at smaller scales of flow to measure this quantity. However, a complete set of scaling equations between the measured pressure drop gradient along the annulus of a flow loop device and the one occurring in the wellbore is not reported in the literature. This study applies dimensional analysis to make such a connection while accounting for drillpipe rotation and eccentricity, as well as solid cuttings load, in the annular flow of yield-power law drilling fluids. Simultaneous application of geometric, kinematic, dynamic, and rheological similarities allows for developing direct relations between the quantities that govern the laboratory and wellbore scales of flow. For this purpose, a set of dimensionless groups is identified and held equal between the two flow scales. Dimensional analysis shows that scaling the two-phase flow of drilling fluid and drill cuttings entails 10 dimensionless groups. The solution of the obtained scaling equations determines the required volumetric rates of fluid and solid particles, the inner pipe rotation speed, and the fluid rheology in the flow loop device to establish a complete similitude with the wellbore annular flow. The required similarity between the Reynolds numbers of solid particles or drill cuttings at the two scales of flow introduces a constraint on the rheology of the fluid to be used in the laboratory flow loop. This finding indicates that attaining a complete similitude requires the two fluids to be dissimilar. Once all scaling requirements of the considered similitude are applied, the pressure gradient along the wellbore annulus can be obtained directly in terms of the measured pressure drop in the laboratory flow loop.

The relationship between socio-cognitive skills and ethnic prejudice in preservice special education teachers

ABSTRACT The current cross-sectional study aimed to increase the knowledge about socio-cognitive skills of preservice special education teachers that may affect their ethnic prejudices. In particular, the purpose of the study was to analyze the mediating role of empathy dimensions in the relationship between affective theory of mind and blatant and subtle prejudices. Participants included 531 Italian preservice special education teachers (76.4% females and 22.4% males), with an average age of 34.79 (SD = 6.10). Data were collected during the 2020–2021 academic year and all participants were administered, via the Google Form, the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale. Path analysis showed that perspective taking and empathic concern play mediating roles in the relationship between the ability to infer people’s feelings and blatant and subtle prejudices. In addition, direct relations from affective theory of mind to ethnic prejudice and from empathic abilities to ethnic prejudice were found. These findings suggest that affective theory of mind and empathy are two cognitive-social skills involved in the expression of prejudice. The limitations and implications of the study were discussed.

Gender-Specific Patterns of Relations among Acculturative Stress, Family Processes, and Prosocial Behaviors in Latinx Youth

The present study was designed to examine the direct and indirect relations between acculturative stress and Latinx youth prosocial tendencies. In addition, we considered family conflict, parental support, and parental psychological control as explanatory mechanisms. Participants included 306 (53.8% female, Mage = 15.50, SD = .42; range = 14 to 18) Latinx adolescents and their parents (87.9% mothers). The majority of adolescents were born in the U.S. (n = 206, 68.0%; average time in U.S. = 10 years) and identified as a Mexican heritage group member (n = 248, 81.0%). Findings differed by youth gender and suggest that for boys, parental support (but not psychological control) serves as underlying mechanism in the effects of acculturative stress and family conflict on youth’s prosocial behaviors. Contrastingly, for girls, parental support (but not psychological control) serves as underlying mechanism in the negative effects of family conflict (but not acculturative stress) on youth’s prosocial behaviors. The findings are discussed in the context of the need for integrative theories that account for cultural, family and gender-related socialization mechanisms to better understand prosocial behaviors among Latinx youth.

A new transfer entropy approach based on information granulation and clustering for root cause analysis

In complex industrial facilities, a fault may generate in a unit and easily propagate to other units, resulting in degraded performance of process operations and deteriorating the situation. Therefore, it is of great importance to trace the propagation of faults and locate the root causes. The non-parametric causality inference technique known as Transfer Entropy (TE) is successful in identifying cause–effect relations for both nonlinear and linear processes. Even though, TE has two drawbacks limiting its practical use in real industries: (1) It requires the studied process be stationary whereas the presence of faults may lead to nonstationary changes; (2) The computational complexity of TE is high while the real application could be sensitive to the computational cost. Motivated by these issues, this paper proposes a new transfer entropy approach based on the information granulation and clustering to identify the root causes of faults. The contributions of the proposed approach are twofold: (1) the Information Granulation based Transfer Entropy (IGTE) and Information Granulation based Direct Transfer Entropy (IGDTE) are proposed to infer causal and direct causal relations; (2) an Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure (OPTICS) clustering based Probability Density Function (PDF) estimator is designed to estimate joint/conditional probabilities based on the information granule. Two case studies are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Implicit Event Argument Extraction With Argument-Argument Relational Knowledge

As a challenging sub-task of event argument extraction, implicit event argument extraction seeks to identify document-level arguments that play direct or implicit roles in a given event. Prior work mainly focuses on capturing direct relations between arguments and the event trigger; however, the lack of reasoning ability imposes limitations to the extraction of implicit arguments. In this work, we propose an <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</b> rgument-argument <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</b> elation-enhanced <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</b> vent <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</b> rgument extraction (AREA) learning framework to tackle this issue through reasoning in event frame-level scope. The proposed method leverages related arguments of the expected one as clues, and utilizes such argument-argument dependencies to guide the reasoning process. To bridge the distribution gap between oracle knowledge used in the training phase and the imperfect related arguments in the test stage, we introduce a conventional knowledge distillation strategy to drive a final model that can work without extra inputs by mimicking the behaviour of a well-informed teacher model. In addition, considering that conventional knowledge distillation methods transfer knowledge individually, we integrate it with a novel relational knowledge distillation mechanism to explicitly capture the structural mutual argument-argument relation. Moreover, since the training process is not compatible with the real situation, a curriculum learning method is further introduced to make the training process smoother. Experimental results demonstrate that the learning framework obtains state-of-the-art performance on the RAMS and Wikievents datasets. Ablation study and further discussion also show it could handle long-range dependency and implicit argument problems effectively.

Social and dimensional comparison effects in general and domain-specific test anxiety: a nested factor modeling approach

The generalized internal/external frame of reference (GI/E) model assumes social and dimensional achievement comparisons to form self-perceptions. These domain-specific comparisons have been shown to shape two facets of test anxiety (i.e., worry and emotionality) both directly and indirectly through academic self-concepts. However, examinations of such domain-specific relations have rarely integrated general components, although the hierarchical nature of both test anxiety and academic self-concept is well-known. Thus, the present study implemented a nested factor modeling approach. We examined social and dimensional comparison effects on worry and emotionality as well as mediation effects of academic self-concepts in the math and verbal domains while controlling for general components. We contrasted this approach with the conventionally used first-order factor model where general components were not considered. Data from N = 348 German secondary school students (Mage = 15.3 years, Grades 9–10) were analyzed using structural equation models. Direct negative within-domain and positive cross-domain achievement-anxiety relations emerged, yet, the pattern of cross-domain relations changed across modeling approaches. Only the nested factor model showed indirect cross-domain mediation relations. Our findings suggest the importance of structural representations of hierarchical constructs. The nested factor model approach enhanced predictions within the GI/E model, particularly those related to dimensional comparisons.

Potentially Traumatic Events, Socioemotional and Adaptive Functioning: Associations with Self-Regulatory Skills in a Community Sample of Primarily Black and Latinx 3-5-year-olds.

Early childhood is a heightened risk period for exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and a critical period for the development of foundational self-regulatory competencies that have potential cascading effects on future socioemotional functioning. This cross-sectional study examined associations between PTE exposure and socioemotional and adaptive functioning, and self-regulatory skills, in a community-based sample of 280 primarily Black and Latinx 3-5-year-olds. Results supported direct relations between PTE exposure and socioemotional and adaptive functioning. Attentional regulation was associated with PTEs and internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and adaptive behaviors. There was also a significant association of emotional regulation on the relationship between PTEs and internalizing and externalizing behaviors, but not adaptive functioning. Findings have implications for early intervention and educational and public policy, including the importance of scaffolding the development of self-regulatory skills among preschoolers with high PTE exposure.

C-functions in higher-derivative flows across dimensions

In the context of gravitational theories describing renormalization group flows across dimensions via AdS/CFT, we study the role of higher-derivative corrections to Einstein gravity. We use the Null Energy Condition to derive monotonicity properties of candidate holographic central charges formed by combinations of metric functions. We also implement an entropic approach to the characterization of the four-derivative flows using the Jacobson-Myers functional and demonstrate, under reasonable conditions, monotonicity of certain terms in the entanglement entropy via the appropriate generalization of the Ryu-Takayanagi prescription. In particular, we show that any flow from a higher dimensional theory to a holographic CFT2 satisfies a type of monotonicity. We also uncover direct relations between NEC-motivated and entropic central charges.