Direct Observation Study Research Articles

Reading Comprehension Instruction: Evaluating Our Progress Since Durkin’s Seminal Study

ABSTRACT Purpose: Nearly 50 years ago, Durkin (1978–1979) conducted a seminal observation study on reading comprehension teaching in Grades 3 through 6. She reported that teachers rarely taught reading comprehension (less than 1% of instructional time). Since then, we have gained substantial knowledge about teaching reading comprehension. We aimed to comprehensively review direct observation studies of reading instruction to understand the extent to which recommended comprehension practices are implemented in schools. Method: A systematic search of the extant literature identified 66 observation studies of reading comprehension instruction for children in K–12 schools, including a total of 1,784 teachers. We employed a mixed-method systematic review to address the research questions. Results: Integrated analyses revealed that reading comprehension instruction infrequently aligned with research-based practices. Findings revealed that, on average, 23% of instructional time during reading/language arts instruction was dedicated to reading comprehension. Like Durkin’s study (1978–1979), the results indicated that teachers spent much of this time engaging in initiation-response-evaluation conversation patterns rather engaging students in extensive discussion of text or teaching knowledge or practices (e.g. text structure, reading comprehension strategies) that support reading comprehension. However, analyses suggested that studies conducted after 2000 reported more research-based reading comprehension practices than earlier studies. Conclusions: These findings suggest a substantial gap persists between the reading comprehension practices identified as research-based and those observed in typical practice. There is a need for renewed efforts to prioritize reading comprehension instruction in policy and practice.

Analisis Kinerja Bongkar Muat Curah Kering di Pelabuhan Tanjung Tembaga

This research focuses on analyzing the performance of dry bulk unloading at Tanjung Tembaga Port, with a case study of PT Delta Artha Bahari Nusantara. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the performance of dry bulk loading and unloading services at the port and identify efforts that can be made to improve loading and unloading productivity. The research method used is descriptive quantitative, with data collection through direct observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The data obtained were analyzed using statistical methods and compared with the established operational service performance standards. The results showed that the performance of loading and unloading at Tanjung Copper Port seen from all indicators of loading and unloading performance can be concluded that the average of all indicators includes good category as evidenced by the total percentage of the average of 79.96%. This study concludes that to improve loading and unloading performance, PT Delta Artha Bahari Nusantara needs to improve facilities and infrastructure, improve operational systems, and provide training to the workforce. Thus, it is expected that the port can be more efficient in handling dry bulk loading and unloading and contribute positively to the supply and distribution chain.

Business Development Strategy in the Jiwel Asli Mirasa Traditional Food Business Field Using SWOT Analysis and Business Model Canvas

This research aims to identify and analyze business development strategies that can be applied to the culinary food business “Jiwel Asli Mirasa”. The analysis method used in this research is SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) and Business Model Canvas. Data were collected through interviews with business owners, direct observation, and case studies related to the culinary food industry. The results of the SWOT analysis identified internal strengths, such as the authenticity of product flavors and strategic location, as well as weaknesses, such as limitations in marketing and business development. On the other hand, external opportunities such as growing market demand for local culinary food and threats such as competition from established competitors were identified. Next, the Business Model Canvas was used to describe the current business model of “Jiwel Asli Mirasa” and evaluate key elements such as customer segments, value proposition, distribution channels, and key resources. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis and Business Model Canvas, several business development strategies are recommended, including product diversification, increasing marketing efforts through social media and cooperation with partners, and increasing product innovation. The implementation of these strategies is expected to help “Jiwel Asli Mirasa” to strengthen its market position and achieve sustainable growth in the culinary food industry.

Inventory of Historical Sites in North Padang Lawas District

This article examines the inventory of historical sites in North Padang Lawas Regency, which have significant Hindu-Buddhist cultural heritage. The urgency of this research lies in efforts to preserve historical sites that are threatened with extinction due to natural factors, human actions, and lack of attention from the government and local communities. The problem faced is how to document and preserve these sites so that they can be a source of information and further research. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data sources came from historical sites in North Padang Lawas Regency, including the Bahal temple complex and ancient Batak tombs. Data analysis techniques involved the steps of data organisation, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity testing was conducted through triangulation of data sources and methods to ensure the accuracy and validity of the findings. The results showed that North Padang Lawas Regency has a number of important historical sites, such as the Bahal temple which was built between the 11th and 14th centuries AD. Many of these sites are endangered and require serious preservation efforts. The research provides recommendations for increased government and community attention in preserving this cultural heritage, as well as the importance of more comprehensive documentation for future research and educational purposes.

Analysis of the Role of the Creative Economy in Advancing Product Business at MTs Al-Jauhariyah

This study aims to analyze the role of the creative economy to improve product business in MTs Al-Jauhariyah. In addition to being an educational center, secondary schools also have the potential as a locus of local economic development through creative products. The creative economy is the main focus to increase competitiveness and economic contribution from product businesses in the school environment. Using qualitative research methods, data were collected through in-depth interviews with related parties, direct observation, and documentation studies. The results showed that creativity, innovation, and invention play a key role in the development of product business in this school. In terms of product concept, innovation and differentiation through the creative economy provide significant added value. Factors such as local community involvement, utilization of local resources, and integration of curriculum with creative economy aspects also strengthen the positive impact on the development of product business at MTs Al-Jauhariyah. This research contributes to the practical and theoretical understanding of how the creative economy can be implemented in secondary education environments, exactly in MTs Al-Jauhariyah. This finding can be a foundation for policy makers, schools, and education practitioners to optimize the role of the creative economy in developing product businesses in similar institutions. In addition, this research also opens opportunities for further research related to the integration of creative economy concepts in the context of formal education.

Dampak Peningkatan Kunjungan Terhadap Pendapatan Pedagang Makanan dan Minuman di Danau Kampung Bintaro Pesanggrahan, Jakarta Selatan

This research aims to determine the influence of the strategic location of Lake Kampung Bintaro Pesanggrahan on the increase in the number of tourists, as well as evaluate the impact on the income of food and beverage traders in the area. This type of research is qualitative research with research methods using direct observation, in-depth interviews, and literature study. The research results show that visitors frequently visit Kampung Bintaro Lake on weekends because of its strategic location and facilities, such as places of worship, culinary delights, entertainment, and unique experiences. This impacts small traders in meeting visitors' needs for food and drinks. Beverages, thereby helping small traders increase their income. Lake Kampung Bintaro Pesanggrahan, as a strategically located tourist destination, has great potential to attract more tourists and positively contribute to the income of food and beverage traders. Visitors are advised only to throw rubbish carefully. The DKI Jakarta government is always expected to maintain the lake's condition well, such as cleaning the lake of rubbish, maintaining water quality, and keeping the lake ecosystem whole to remain healthy and function well. Food and beverage traders in Lake Pesanggrahan are encouraged to prioritize the cleanliness of food and beverages and the surrounding environment to maintain customer health and preserve nature.

Creative Product Development Strategy: Case Study of Acaraki, Kota Tua

This article discusses creative product development strategies in the Acaraki food and beverage industry, Kota Tua, Jakarta. The research method used is qualitative, with a descriptive qualitative approach and SWOT analysis. The data collection techniques used are direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. The formulation of the problem; what are the creative products offered by Acaraki Kota Tua, what is the current development strategy of Acaraki Kota Tua, and why is a development strategy needed for Acaraki Kota Tua. The research objectives are to find out the creative products offered by Acaraki Kota Tua to consumers, analyze the current development strategy of Acaraki Kota Tua, and provide insight into the importance of development strategies for the creative industry, especially in the field of food and beverages. The research findings show that Acaraki has succeeded in presenting innovation in promoting Indonesia's cultural heritage through its main product, namely herbal drinks. Not only herbal drink products, but Acaraki also sells food products and also produces herbal drinks in packaged form. There are several obstacles faced by Acaraki, such as the lack of attracting the attention of the younger generation, inadequate marketing, and limited products packaged for tourists as souvenirs. To overcome these problems, Acaraki can implement appropriate strategies, such as expanding branches, entering international markets, increasing promotions, collaborating with the government, and optimizing the use of information technology.

Motivation Among Student In Islamic Elementary School Pada Pengembangan Media Audio Visual

In the modern era of education, the focus of learning has shifted from teacher orientation to student orientation. As educators, it is important to design learning methods that are in accordance with technological developments. Today, learning that is too teacher-centered and theoretical tends to reduce student interest. Therefore, the use of audio-visual media such as learning videos can increase student engagement, provide deep meaning, and arouse high enthusiasm for learning. This study aims to 1) explain the level of student enthusiasm when using audio-visual learning media, and 2) evaluate the impact and interest of students on audio-visual based learning media in the learning process. This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Ibn Aqil Pekanbaru. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that uses data collection methods in the form of direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. Research findings show that lecture-dominated learning tends to make learners lose interest and focus on themselves. The results of the study showed that 1) when students were introduced to the use of audio-visual media such as learning videos, most of them felt very enthusiastic and excited in following the learning process, while only one student showed less interest. 2) Thus, it can be concluded that the use of audio-visual learning media can increase student enthusiasm at the elementary school level.

Implementation of 3A in the Development of Kid's Forest Rides in Ragunan

This study aims to analyze the implementation of 3A (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities) on the Kid's Forest vehicle in Ragunan. The research method used is qualitative, with a descriptive qualitative approach and SWOT analysis. Data collection through direct observation, interviews, and previous literature studies. The results showed that Kid's Forest rides offer diverse and interesting attractions, accessibility in Ragunan Zoo is very good, and adequate amenity. SWOT analysis shows that the strengths of Kid's Forest rides are attractive concepts, strategic locations, and adequate facilities. The weaknesses are the limited target market and the lack of educational facilities. Opportunities can further develop tourism activities and facilities. The most influential threat is bad weather that cannot be controlled, because the rides are outdoor activities. Strategies that can overcome these problems include developing wider attractions, improving the quality of facilities, more effective promotion, developing educational facilities, and evaluating weather conditions. By implementing these strategies, Kid's Forest at Ragunan Wildlife Park can increase its attractiveness, provide a better experience for visitors, and can contribute to sustainable tourism development in South Jakarta.

BENTUK PENGELOLAAN OBJEK WISATA ALAM PANTAI LINTUI NEGERI KOBI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

In managing ecotourism, the involvement of local communities in participating activities is very important. The aim of this research is to determine the forms of community-based ecotourism management at the Lintui Beach Natural Tourism Object (OWA). The method used is a survey method where data is obtained by interviewing or filling in a list of questions, direct observation and literature study. The research results show that the form of ecotourism management at OWA Lintui Beach includes; involved in maintaining the cleanliness of the beach (83.33%), involved in arranging opening and closing times for visits (63.33%), involved in determining entrance ticket prices (50%), providing facilities (76.67%), repairing damaged facilities ( 66.66%) and plans to build footpaths (66.66%), as well as involving BUMNeg to provide facilities for food and visitor needs as well as tour guide services.

Efektivitas Metode Sosialisasi melalui Ganjaran dan Hukuman pada Perilaku Anak Asuh Remaja di Lembaga Kesejahteraan Sosial Anak Kota Padang

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of socialization methods through rewards and punishments in influencing the behavior of adolescent foster children in Padang children's Social Welfare Institutions. Through a qualitative approach with interview and document analysis methods, this study explores the types of rewards and punishments applied, their impact on the behavior of foster children, as well as the factors that influence the success of these methods. The findings suggest that appropriate rewarding can reinforce positive behavior, while inappropriate application of punishment has the potential to have negative effects. However, the effectiveness of this method is also influenced by factors such as the background of foster children, the quality of human resources in institutions, and family and community involvement. This study concludes that a holistic approach is needed that includes aspects of religious education, moral development, development of social skills, as well as periodic evaluation of the coaching program. Recommendations for further research include involving more diverse data collection methods such as direct observation and documentation studies, as well as more in-depth analysis of the impact of the effectiveness of the socialization methods used. This research contributes to the understanding of the effective application of socialization methods in shaping the positive behavior of adolescent foster children in child social welfare institutions.

Strategi Manajemen (POAC) Tradisi Maudu Lompoa Sebagai Event Pariwisata Di Desa Cikoang Kecamatan Mangarabombang Kabupaten Takalar

Takalar is one of the regency in South Sulawesi Province which has diverse natural and cultural wealth. Maudu lompoa is one of the cultural traditions in Takalar regency which is held every year. The tradition is carried out to commemorate the birth of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This research and writing aims to identify the management strategy (POAC) of the Maudu’ Lompoa tradition as a leading tourist attraction in Cikoang Village, Takalar regency. This research was conducted using direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. . The results of the study show that the application of management functions (planning, organizing, actuating, controlling) forms the basis of the strategy for developing the maudu lompoa tradition to become a leading attraction. Keywords: Maulid, Maudu’ Lompoa, POAC, Tradition

Therapeutic Communication Between Therapist and Fracture Patient at Padepokan Padjadjaran Cimande

This study aims to determine therapeutic communication between therapists and fracture patients at Padepokan Padjadjaran Cimande. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach with a constructivist paradigm. The theory used in this research is communication accommodation theory. This theory is used to find out how therapeutic communication is carried out by therapists with fracture patients by combining medical and traditional elements. The data collection techniques used were direct observation, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature study. The results of this research show that therapeutic communication has been implemented by the hermitage and has become a way of communicating and educating patients in the treatment of fractures.

Analisis Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Minat Belajar Siswa Kelas XI IPS Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Geografi di SMA Santun Untan Pontianak

This research aims to determine student’s interest in learning about Geography subject. This researchuses a qualitavie research method in the form of qualitative descriptive. The data sources in this research areGeography teachers and class XI IPS students. Data collection techniques use direct observation, directcommunication, and documentary studies. The data collection tools used were observation guides, interview guides,and documentation. The data analysis techniques used are data collection, data reduction, data presentation, anddrawing conclusion. The result of the research that has been carried out reveal that studen’s interest in learning isrelatively good, this can be seen when students listen well when learning, prepare to start learning by taking out worksheets, and often ask the teacher about material that is unclear.

Implementation of OSS Application-Based Licensing Services at the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Licensing Services of Langkat Regency

This study discusses the implementation of OSS Application-Based Licensing Services at the Investment Office and One-Stop Integrated Services of Langkat Regency and its inhibiting factors. Public services in Indonesia are aimed at improving the relationship between the state and society. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a focus on analyzing relevant aspects as well as community satisfaction surveys. Data were obtained through direct observation, interviews, and literature studies. The results showed that OSS has had a positive impact in facilitating the licensing process for the community and business actors in Langkat Regency. However, several inhibiting factors such as inadequate technology infrastructure, lack of understanding of licensing requirements, and legal issues need to be addressed. By addressing these factors, DPMPTSP can improve efficiency and support regional economic growth.

The Role of Padepokan Ciliwung Condet in The Development of Betawi Cultural Tourism Ciliwung Condet

This research aims to examine the role of Padepokan Ciliwung Condet in developing Betawi cultural tourism in the Ciliwung Condet area. Betawi cultural tourism has great potential as a tourism attraction that can make a positive contribution to the local economy and preserve regional culture. Padepokan Ciliwung Condet, as a center for Betawi arts and cultural activities, is the main subject of this research. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation and documentation studies. The research results show that Padepokan Ciliwung Condet has a significant role in developing Betawi cultural tourism. The Padepokan functions as a place for training in traditional Betawi arts, art exhibitions and a cultural information center. In the context of tourism development, Padepokan Ciliwung Condet plays a role in creating an authentic and memorable tourism experience for visitors. Its existence also contributes to the preservation of Betawi arts and culture, as well as promoting local community participation in the tourism industry. This research provides recommendations for increasing the role of Padepokan Ciliwung Condet in the development of Betawi cultural tourism, including more effective marketing strategies, improving infrastructure, and closer cooperation between related parties. Thus, it is hoped that the development of Betawi cultural tourism in Ciliwung Condet can have a sustainable positive impact on the local community and preserve the regional cultural heritage.

Potensi PLTS Hybrid di PT. Makmur Indah Selaras International Muaro Jambi

Renewable energy that is suitable for the tropical climate in Indonesia with an average solar radiation of 4.8 kwh/m2 per day is the use of photovoltaics or solar cells. To use solar cells, they can be placed on the roof of a building to save existing land, such as at PT. Makmur Indah Selaras International. The research method uses direct observation and literature study to obtain data on the use of solar panels at the factory. Meanwhile, the aim of this research was to see the utilization of existing PLTS with a hybrid system at PT. Makmur Indah Selaras Internasional, which is one of the palm oil factories operating in Muaro Regency, Jambi.

Blood loss monitoring chart, a game changer in postpartum hemorrhage detection and treatment: A direct observation study in 7 E-MOTIVE trial hospitals in Kenya

Background: Every six minutes, a mother dies of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in low-resource countries. PPH, defined as blood loss of more than 500 ml, is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide, accounting for 27% of maternal deaths. The WHO published “Recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Hemorrhage” in 2012 to provide evidence-informed recommendations for managing PPH. However, adherence to these recommendations is currently limited by several challenges, including poor maternal care where despite guideline dissemination, many health care providers (HCPs) do not provide effective care such as proper monitoring of vital signs which is key in hemodynamic assessments that can prompt early intervention. The E-MOTIVE trial supported 14 health facilities in Kenya, 7 intervention and 7 control sites. The trial introduced a blood loss monitoring chart to support HCPs in assessing women after delivery of the placenta and enabling early detection and treatment of PPH. Methods: Blood loss monitoring tool/Trigger chart was developed by the University of Birmingham. This tool was implemented in seven hospitals in Kenya with the capacity for comprehensive emergency obstetric care, including blood transfusion and cesarean delivery. In these hospitals, labor, delivery, and postpartum care are primarily provided by nurse-midwives and students. More senior clinicians, including medical officers and consultant physicians such as obstetrician, gynecologists and pediatricians, make periodic rounds and are available on-call to assist in emergencies. Data were collected from August 2021 to December 2021. Observations were conducted by the trial implementation midwives with the support of the on-site research midwives for two weeks in each of the study hospitals. Observations occurred 24 hours a day. Patients were observed from the second stage up to two hours after placental delivery. All data were collected on paper forms and then entered into a digital database using RedCap. Results: A total of 734 deliveries were observed cumulatively during the study period. All women received four clinical observations within the first hour using the blood loss monitoring chart. The frequency of observing blood loss in the calibrated drapes during monitoring by HCPs was 94%. There was 100% detection of PPH using the blood loss monitoring chart. Conclusion: Efforts to increase the rates of early PPH detection and treatment should emphasize improvements in the quality of care, with a particular focus on PPH blood loss monitoring. The blood loss monitoring chart is easy to use and can be easily adopted and scaled in low-resource settings.

ANALISIS PENGENDALIAN INTERN ATAS PERSEDIAAN BARANG DAGANG PADA CV. MITA JAYA KOTA BENGKULU

Inventory is a very important asset for trading and industry companies because it is a source of revenue for the company. Inventory is very adamant to damage and crime, therefore it is necessary internal control of inventory. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find out how the application of internal control of merchandise inventory on the CV. Mita Jaya.
 In this writing, the method of analysis used is descriptive analysis method. Data collection methods used in this paper is to make direct observation, interviews and literature study by studying reference books and similar previous research results to get the theoretical basis of the problem to be studied.
 The result of this research is internal control system on inventory at CV. Mita Jaya includes procedures for purchasing / ordering merchandise, sales procedures and procedures for receipt of merchandise. In the application of this internal control there are several parties responsible for monitoring and overseeing the process of transactions related to merchandise inventory.

Anchor Heave-Up Failure of MV. Warih Mas in Palu Bay

Shipping safety is important not only when docked at the port or when the ship is sailing but also when the ship is at anchor. This study aims to determine the cause of the anchor heave-up failure of MV Warih Mas in Palu Bay and to explore factors, strategies, and maintenance practices related to anchor equipment on the ship. The study uses a qualitative approach, and the data will be presented through descriptive analysis. The study participants include the ship's master and crew. Data collection methods include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies, while data analysis consists of three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results indicate that the cause of the failure was corrosion of the anchor chain due to prolonged exposure to water in the chain locker. Three strategies were attempted, but only one was successful: Inserting iron into the chain link of the anchor on the windlass drum to allow the chain to rotate. The crew did not carry out maintenance on the anchor equipment, possibly due to a lack of skills and training.