Direct Learning Research Articles

Direct instruction or active learning? The spectrum of first-year university teaching practices

ABSTRACT This study aims to gain a better understanding of the practices of first-year university teachers by considering the distinction between direct instruction and active learning. It is based on the responses of 356 teachers to questions relating to three areas of teaching practice: preparation, implementation and use of digital technology. Principal component analysis reveals a continuous spectrum of varied practices, distinguished by a combination of more or less frequent use of direct instruction and active learning. Cluster analysis was used to identify practice profiles by considering each of the three practice areas separately. This analysis reveals that teachers whose preparation corresponds to active learning methods rely more on teaching resources, but also on their expertise in the subject. The profiles of teaching implementation show a division between direct instruction and active learning methods, with specific profiles associated with either the use of flipped classrooms or serious games. It appears that the teachers who make the most use of digital technology to get their students active are also those who use it most to deliver content. Results also show that the majority of teachers are involved in a transition to active learning, but that half still alternate it with direct instruction.

Equilibrating the impact of fluid scattering attenuation on underwater optical imaging via adaptive parameter learning.

Fluid scattering attenuation is a pervasive and intricate physical phenomenon in underwater environment, which challenges optical imaging for various visual tasks. This paper presents a Learnable Physical Imaging Model (LPIM) for equilibrating the impact of the fluid scattering attenuation on underwater optical imaging. Whereas the imaging medium has the liquidity and diversity, an adaptive physical imaging framework is proposed to learn the nonlinear degradation parameter for various complex underwater environment. This adaptive imaging model is jointed by adversarial competition and directional learning strategy, which makes our model learn more excellent properties from the unpaired referring image, and guides the restoration network to directionally adjust the imaging model parameters. To describe the real scenarios better, a multi-branch network, i.e., R-Net, D-Net and BN-net, is developed to learn and capture the color, light intensity and attenuation information. Experimental results on several datasets demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-arts in both color balance and visual effect. The LPIM provides an innovative framework designed to counteract image degradation resulting from fluid scattering and attenuation.

The Effect of Implementing Learning Models Cycle 7e on Mathematical Problems-Solving Ability

This research was motivated by the low mathematical problem-solving abilities of students at Batanghari 15 State Junior High School, Jambi. This research aims to determine the effect of the Learning Cycle 7e learning model on students' mathematical problem abilities at Batanghari 15 State Junior High School. This research uses the quasi-experimental method, using a post-test-only control design. There are two groups, each of which is chosen randomly. The population of this research is all students in class VIII of Batanghari 15 State Junior High School for the 2023/2024 academic year, totalling 90 students and divided into four classes. In this research, the sample used was 50 students divided into two classes (experimental and control classes). The sample was determined using the Random Sampling technique. The data collection techniques used in this research were observation and mathematical problem-solving tests. This research indicates that the Learning Cycle 7e learning model is more effective in influencing problem-solving abilities than the direct learning model.

Implementation of the Islamic Religious Education Curriculum at Alam Jomin Elementary School

One important component in the world of education is the curriculum, the curriculum can be defined as a program aimed at and designed for students. In its true definition, Islamic religious education can be said to be an educational system that can show human life in accordance with Islamic ideology, so that they can achieve peace and prosperity throughout their lives.The Indonesian Natural School is a school that was founded in order to produce efforts to develop an education system that is carried out in the open air so that students receive direct learning from all living creatures in the natural surroundings.

Problematika Dan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Di Sekolah Dasar Swasta At-Taufiq Kelas Rendah

Learning Indonesian in elementary schools, especially in lower grades, faces various obstacles. This problem includes student learning outcomes that have not reached the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM) and monotonous teaching methods. This study aims to explore the obstacles teachers face during learning and the strategies they use at At-Taufiq Private Elementary School. The data collection method involved interviews with class I, II, and III teachers. The findings show that the direct learning strategies used, such as the lecture method, are not effective because they make students feel bored. Alternative strategies such as the use of learning media such as storybooks and infocus are recommended to increase students' interest in learning. This research aims to explore the obstacles faced in learning Indonesian in the lower grades of At-Taufiq Private Elementary School and identify effective learning strategies to overcome these problems. Thus, this research aims to identify learning obstacles and provide innovative solutions to improve quality. Indonesian language learning in elementary schools.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LEARNING CYCLE-5E BERORIENTASI SSI TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN EPISTEMIK

21st century education aims to improve students' scientific literacy skills. Scientific literacy is important for students so that they not only understand science as a concept but can also apply science in everyday life. This research aims to determine the effect of the SSI-oriented Learning Cycle 5E model on epistemic knowledge. The results of the research showed that experimental class II students obtained an average score for working on questions of 6.97, then the average score for experimental class I was 5.92 and the average score in the control class was 4.19. Thus, it shows that the SSI-oriented Learning Cycle 5E model has a better impact on learning compared to the two models used, namely Learning Cycle-5E and the direct learning method.

Dampak Pembelajaran Daring terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Teknologi Pendidikan Angkatan 2023

Technological developments bring about change. One of the changes occurring in the education sector is online learning. Online learning allows learning activities between teachers and students to take place without meeting face to face in class and can take place at any time as long as there are devices such as smartphones, laptops and computers that are connected to the internet. Implementing online learning will certainly have a different influence from direct classroom learning. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of exploring the impact of online learning on the learning motivation of educational technology students class of 2023. This research was conducted using quantitative methods, by distributing questionnaires to educational technology students class of 2023, then the data was processed using Microsoft Excel. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of online learning on learning motivation. In this research, it was found that the number of learning motivations in online use was decreasing and the understanding of learning material was low when implementing online learning. Online learning has a big influence on the learning motivation of educational technology students class of 2023.

An end-to-end learning framework for visual camera relocalization using RGB and RGB-D images

Camera relocalization plays a vital role in the realms of machine perception, robotics, and augmented reality. Direct learning methods based on structures can have a learning-based approach that can learn scene coordinates and use them for camera position estimation. However, the two-stage learning of scene coordinate regression and camera position estimation can result in some of the scene coordinate regression knowledge being lost throughout the learning process of the final pose estimation system, thereby reducing the accuracy of the pose estimation. This paper introduces an innovative end-to-end learning framework tailored for visual camera relocalization by employing both RGB and RGB-D images. Distinguished by its integration of scene coordinate regression with pose estimation into a concurrent inner and outer loop during a singular training phase, this framework notably enhances pose estimation accuracy. Engineered for flexibility, it accommodates training with or without depth cues and necessitates merely a single RGB image during testing. Empirical evaluation substantiates the proposed method’s state-of-the-art precision, attaining an average pose accuracy of 0.019 m and 0.74° on the indoor 7Scenes dataset, together with 0.162 m and 0.30° on the outdoor Cambridge Landmarks dataset.

The flipped-classroom effect on vocational high school students’ learning outcomes

<span lang="EN-US">The flipped-classroom instructional model is considered suitable for teaching procedural knowledge. Apart from flipped-classroom, it turns out that another instructional model, namely direct instruction, is also designed to teach procedural knowledge. Therefore, this study aimed to examine differences in procedural knowledge learning outcomes between flipped-classroom and direct instruction learning models in the cognitive and psychomotor domains and to determine the effect of flipped-classroom on students’ procedural knowledge learning outcomes. This type of research is a true-experimental design with a randomized pre-test post-test control group design for the cognitive domain and a randomized post-test only control group design for the psychomotor domain. The research instrument used a written test (pre-test and post-test) for the cognitive domain and a performance assessment for the psychomotor domain. The flipped-classroom is better than direct instruction regarding procedural knowledge learning outcomes. Furthermore, flipped-classroom significantly affects the students’ procedural knowledge learning outcomes, both cognitive and psychomotor domains. The effect of flipped-classroom implementation on the psychomotor domain (t(50)=23.62; p<0.01; d=6.56) is greater than the impact of performance on the cognitive domain (t(50)=2.35; p<0.05; d=0.65).</span>

Direction and Residual Awareness Curriculum Learning Network for Rain Streaks Removal.

Single-image rain streaks' removal has attracted great attention in recent years. However, due to the highly visual similarity between the rain streaks and the line pattern image edges, the over-smoothing of image edges or residual rain streaks' phenomenon may unexpectedly occur in the deraining results. To overcome this problem, we propose a direction and residual awareness network within the curriculum learning paradigm for the rain streaks' removal. Specifically, we present a statistical analysis of the rain streaks on large-scale real rainy images and figure out that rain streaks in local patches possess principal directionality. This motivates us to design a direction-aware network for rain streaks' modeling, in which the principal directionality property endows us with the discriminative representation ability of better differing rain streaks from image edges. On the other hand, for image modeling, we are motivated by the iterative regularization in classical image processing and unfold it into a novel residual-aware block (RAB) to explicitly model the relationship between the image and the residual. The RAB adaptively learns balance parameters to selectively emphasize informative image features and better suppress the rain streaks. Finally, we formulate the rain streaks' removal problem into the curriculum learning paradigm which progressively learns the directionality of the rain streaks, rain streaks' appearance, and the image layer in a coarse-to-fine, easy-to-hard guidance manner. Solid experiments on extensive simulated and real benchmarks demonstrate the visual and quantitative improvement of the proposed method over the state-of-the-art methods.

Problematika Penerapan Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar di SD Negeri 060826 Kec. Medan Area

The implementation of teaching and learning activities in Indonesia is guided by the Curriculum. The curriculum is developed and refined in line with the rapid development of science and technology and the evolution of society. In the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, major changes have occurred in the world of education, especially in Indonesia, with a shift from direct learning in classrooms to distance education based on digital technology. The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of implementing the Independent Curriculum at SDN 060826 Kec. Medan Area. Through this approach, it is hoped to obtain a clearer picture of the effectiveness of the curriculum in improving the quality of education as well as identifying obstacles and opportunities that arise in its implementation. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the effect of implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at SDN 060826 Kec. Medan Area. Research conducted by researchers at SDN 060826 Kec. Medan Area, it can be seen that they always regularly attend training from both the principal and teachers and to strengthen teachers' understanding of the Independent Learning Curriculum, teachers always hold monthly meetings with the Teacher Working Group (KKG) to resolve various problems related to the Independent Learning Curriculum. as well as to increase teacher competence in the process of teaching and learning activities.

The Influence of E-Book Based on Local Wisdom on the Cognitive Learning Outcomes of Science Junior High School Students Through Outing Class Method

This study measures the learning outcomes of the cognitive domain to obtain accurate information about aspects of student domain ability. Cognitive learning outcomes were researched to implement science learning through outing classes using e-books based on local wisdom. This study aims to determine the effect of e-books based on local wisdom on the cognitive learning outcomes of Junior High School students. This study is a quasi-experiment in two groups, namely experimental class (E) and control Class (K), using a direct learning model with a sample of students in class 7K of 33 students and class 7I of 35 students. Data collection techniques using Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study was conducted by inviting students to do outing class learning using e-books, and tests were conducted using pretest and post-test sheets. The research Instrument used consisted of cognitive questions totaling 20 multiple choice questions with data analysis using inferential statistics with a T-test (independent samples t-test) on SPSS version 26. Results research shows no significant effect on the use of e-books based on local wisdom on the classification of living things, where the learning outcomes of experimental classes with e-book treatment are higher than the control class without e-book treatment. Thus, using e-books based on local wisdom is quite influential in improving cognitive understanding and student learning outcomes.

Improvement of Direct Learning Model Using Calculator on Mathematics Learning Achievement of Roving Material and Flat Area in Grade IV Elementary School

This study aims to determine whether the results of learning achievement of students who apply to learning using a direct learning model using a calculator obtain better results than classes that apply to learning using conventional models. This research is quasi-experimental research using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population in this study was the fourth grade of SD UMP, Kembar sub-district, Banyumas Regency, in 2020, which amounted to 59 students. The sample in this study is class IV A, totalling 29 students, and class IV B, totalling 30 students. Class IV A is an experimental class using the application of learning with direct learning models. Class IV B is a control class using the application of direct learning models without a calculator. The sampling technique used is cluster random sampling. The data collection technique in this study was a test in the form of a description, namely pretest and posttest. The results of nonparametric test calculations in u-test Ho are rejected, and Ha is accepted. The results of calculations using SPSS obtained sig < 0.05 or sig 0.001 < 0.05, so there was a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class. Based on the results obtained from the data, it can be concluded that the direct learning model uses a calculator to measure mathematics learning achievement in the material of circumference and area of flat shapes in grade IV elementary school.

Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Student Facilitator and Explaining terhadap Kemampuan Representasi Matematis Siswa

This research aims to evaluate the impact of using the Student Facilitator and Explaining learning model on students' mathematical representation abilities. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Quasi-Experimental Design research design with a design form, namely a non-equivalent control group design. The sample chosen was 56 students from a population of 111 students at SMA Negeri 11 Bulukumba, using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using tests to assess mathematical representation abilities, observations to determine the implementation of learning scenarios and questionnaires. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistical tests and inferential statistical tests. The research results show differences in the mathematical representation abilities of students who use the Student Facilitator and Explaining model with students who are taught using direct learning. The Student Facilitator and Explaining Learning Model effectively improves the mathematical representation abilities of class XI MIPA students at SMA Negeri 11 Bulukumba.

The Effect of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) on Rural Area Students’ English Writing

This research was conducted to examine the impact of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Direct Learning (DL) model on the learning outcomes of students in rural areas concerning English descriptive text composition. The models introduced a meaningful learning experience within conventional classroom settings, enabling students to connect prior knowledge with new information in creating innovative ideas. TPACK model played an essential role in the educational system, facilitating teachers in integrating technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge throughout the instructional process. Therefore, students became more engaged, active, and enthusiastic participants in their learning. An authentic experimental and control group design was carried out in two parallel classes at a senior high school. Meanwhile, ANOVA Factorial (2-way ANOVA) was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the learning outcomes of TPACK were significantly different from those of the DL group. Therefore, TPACK substantially affected the learning outcomes of students in writing English descriptive text. This research reported the valuable contribution of the model in equipping future teachers with the knowledge necessary to integrate content, learning theories, teaching models, methods, and technology into their instructional practices.

Contextualizing school discipline: Examining the role of general peer and teacher discrimination at the individual- and school-level on individual suspension.

Past research has linked peer and teacher discrimination to risk factors for school discipline, but few studies have examined whether peer and teacher discrimination have a direct impact on school discipline. This study examines the effects of general peer and teacher discrimination at the individual- and school-level on school suspension using nationally representative, secondary data on almost 12,000 youth across 131 schools. Hierarchical logistic regression models indicated that general teacher discrimination at the individual- and school-level-but not general peer discrimination-increased the odds of receiving school suspension. Findings suggest that general discrimination by direct learning instructors and teachers representing the broader school culture can shape student conduct. Reducing school discipline thus falls on teachers, staff, principals, and learners.

Towards acoustic monitoring of bees: wingbeat sounds are related to species and individual traits.

Global pollinator decline urgently requires effective methods to assess their trends, distribution and behaviour. Passive acoustics is a non-invasive and cost-efficient monitoring tool increasingly employed for monitoring animal communities. However, insect sounds remain highly unexplored, hindering the application of this technique for pollinators. To overcome this shortfall and support future developments, we recorded and characterized wingbeat sounds of a variety of Iberian domestic and wild bees and tested their relationship with taxonomic, morphological, behavioural and environmental traits at inter- and intra-specific levels. Using directional microphones and machine learning, we shed light on the acoustic signature of bee wingbeat sounds and their potential to be used for species identification and monitoring. Our results revealed that frequency of wingbeat sounds is negatively related with body size and environmental temperature (between-species analysis), while it is positively related with experimentally induced stress conditions (within-individual analysis). We also found a characteristic acoustic signature in the European honeybee that supported automated classification of this bee from a pool of wild bees, paving the way for passive acoustic monitoring of pollinators. Overall, these findings confirm that insect sounds during flight activity can provide insights on individual and species traits, and hence suggest novel and promising applications for this endangered animal group. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards a toolkit for global insect biodiversity monitoring'.

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran dengan Model Direct Instruction Berbasis Digital Book Bagi Mahasiswa Slow Learner

Education for all is an important issue of concern in the world of education, including higher education. To accommodate this, higher education certainly needs to pay attention if there are students who experience special needs, especially regarding the absorption of lecture material. The aim of this research is to help students achieve the expected competencies in the English for Early Childhood course, especially for students who have special needs who are slow learners. The method used to develop learning media refers to Design Based Research from Technology Perspective. The research results show that through the Direct Instruction learning model based on digital books, it is easier for students to learn and practice how to provide English language stimulation to young children.

Application of the RADEC Learning Model through the Experimental Method on Students' Critical Thinking Ability in Natural Science Learning Animal Movement Organ Material Class V SDN 13 Singkawang

This research aims to: 1) To describe the differences between the RADEC learning model through the experimental method on the critical thinking abilities of students who study with the RADEC learning model and classes that use direct learning in class V science learning at SDN 13 Singkawang; 2) To describe the implementation of the RADEC learning model through the experimental method on the critical thinking abilities of class V students at SDN 13 Singkawang in science learning; 3) To describe students' responses to the RADEC learning model through experimental methods on students' critical thinking abilities. This research is a quantitative experimental research. This research method is a quasi experimental design, with a post-test only control group design. The population of this study was all fifth grade students, totaling 50 students. Samples were taken using probability sampling techniques with saturated sampling. Data collection techniques use test and non-test techniques. The test instrument is a critical thinking ability question sheet in the form of an essay. Meanwhile, non-tests are in the form of model implementation observation sheets and student response questionnaire sheets. The data analysis technique used was a two-sample t test. The results of the research, 1) show that tcount = 3.844 ttable = 2.010, which means that there is a significant difference in the results of students' critical thinking ability tests between students who applied the RADEC model through the experimental method and students who used the direct learning model. 2) The results of the model implementation analysis show a percentage of 90.5%, very good criteria and 3) the results of the analysis of student response questionnaires show a percentage of 75% good criteria, which means that learning using the RADEC learning model through the experimental method in science learning has an effect on critical thinking skills. students' science, so that students respond well to learning activities. So it can be concluded that the RADEC learning model during the learning process makes an impression, attracts students' attention, and provides a new learning atmosphere

Development and Integration of GeoGebra Applets in Mathematics Learning

Mathematics is a material that students consider difficult because its concepts are abstract. To overcome this, one approach that can be used is using technology-assisted learning. GeoGebra applet is a technology that is commonly used in mathematics. However, a few studies have discussed the relevance of this study to further research related to GeoGebra applets in mathematics and explore its potential. Therefore, this article discusses the development and integration of GeoGebra Applets in Mathematics Learning. The aim of this research is to investigate the relevance of the study to further research related to GeoGebra applets in mathematics and discuss the potential of these applets in enhancing students’ ability in mathematics learning. The research method used is the Systematic Literature Review method, which analyses articles from 2013 to 2022. The research results show that GeoGebra Applets have been developed in various forms, including applications, ebooks, and assignment applications. The most commonly discussed learning material is geometry, with the potential for further research on other materials. GeoGebra Applets have been proven to help improve students' understanding, representation, problem-solving, and critical and spatial thinking skills in mathematics learning. This application positively contributes to the quality of mathematics learning through various forms of learning, including independent, direct, and innovative learning.