Direct Free Kicks Research Articles

The Effect of fixed and variable method using Adidas Smart Ball in improving the accuracy of the direct free kick score for football

The goal of recognizing the fixed and variable method of using Adidas Smart Ball is to improve the accuracy of the direct free kick score for football . Add the coach's participation in the preparation of exercises for the implementation of the free kick directly to players according to the data Adidas Smart Ball ball to improve the track and the accuracy of direct free kick score . The researchers used the experimental approach to the problem of research. The research sample was chosen in a deliberate way. They are the 8 students who are divided into two equal groups . After the main experiment and tests were completed, the Spss program was used for statistical data processors to reach the results, after which the results were presented and discussed . The researchers found that the results showed significant differences between the post-test of the direct free kick score between the control and experimental groups and the benefit of the experimental group. In addition, the positive role of the fixed and variable training methods by using balls in learning speed and improving the accuracy of direct free kick Football . The researchers recommended the use of Adidas Smart Ball balls during educational and training units because they have a large and fast role in learning and improve the accuracy of the direct free kick score for football and the need to use the educational tools and modern equipment and the corresponding development to improve the educational process to achieve a better level of achievement .

The probability of choosing the player executing the direct free kick near the box in terms of the differentiation of some harmonic abilities of a football player’s young foot

The importance of the research has emerged by studying the variables of harmonious capabilities in order to be a real indicator of the process of accurate and objective selectio, and to highlight the role of tests and standards that have become an inevitable necessity to avoid mistakes and help in the process of classifying and directing players towards sports that are appropriate for their abilities and capabilities in terms of the diversity of sport, including what needs physical structure and physical abilities And kinetic، in order to accurately choose the players who execute the direct free kick near the penalty area close to the penalty area according to the correct and accurate bases، and since the level of performance depends on many factors, including their physical، motor، mental and skill capabilities, the selection of players and directing them towards the center or the tasks assigned to them It is done according to their own specifications and herein lies the intended benefit of the selection process. Through the researchers’ follow-up to football matches and the performance of the players taking the direct free kick near the penalty area in the matches of local clubs, they noticed a failure in executing the kicks، and this is due to the level of performance of the players, as they find it difficult to perform Kicks near the penalty area، and one of the objectives of the research is to identify the harmonic abilities of young players executing the direct free kick near the penalty area in football, to identify the discriminatory indications of the motor abilities، turmoil and fear of the young players executing the direct free kick near the penalty area in football، to identify the proportions Likelihood of selecting the players executing the direct free kick near the penalty area in terms of the variables of some harmonic abilities. The researchers also dealt with the theoretical framework with everything related to the research variables. The researchers followed the descriptive method in the manner of studies of the current situation. (161) players, the reconnaissance sample was (49) players, and the main application sample was (112) players. The fourth chapter included everything related to data processing and reaching scientific results, among which the researchers reached a conclusion, the most important of which showed the results of the basic research sample (distinguished players and non-distinguished players in executing the direct free kick near the penalty area) were distributed normally. The results showed that there are no self-relationships between the independent variables using the VIF test (amplification factor).

The Effect of Mental Fatigue on the Accuracy of the Direct Free Kick in Terms of Some Kinematic Variables for Football Players

Background: Mental fatigue is one of the phenomena associated with the skillful sports performance of football players. There is a link between mental fatigue and the quality of skillful performance. It occurs during or after a mental activity, which is reflected in a decrease in physical fitness and a reduction in the ability to focus. Objectives: This study was designed to find the association between mental fatigue and skill performance by inferring the kinematic variables. Sports skills demand excellent performance that is connected to mindfulness. Mental weariness impacts a person’s ability to perform physically and skillfully in a sport, especially if that performance requires high accuracy and intensity. Methods: The empirical research consisted of 24 players specializing in direct free kicks. Test for the accuracy of free kick shooting, a mental fatigue experiment, and a re-test of direct free kick shooting was performed and analyzed through Kinovea 0.9.5 software. Results: The mean difference in the fatigue level of players before and after concerning the kinematic variables among football players was found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The study recommended developing programs that support the mental stability of the player during matches to be able to continue the required skill performance, no matter how much mental fatigue he is exposed to, which occurs as a result of several circumstances during football matches.

Error Rate in the Decisions of Elite Futsal Referees in the Context of Their Position on the Pitch

One of the primary requirements for a futsal referee is the minimum of incorrect decisions in a match. An important starting point for the possibility of the correct decision of the referee is his position on the court when deciding. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether the error rate of the futsal referee changes when assessing game situations (leading to a direct free kick) in connection with his position. The research group consisted of referees of the 1st futsal league in the Czech Republic (n = 15); average age 39.4 (SD = 6.2). A total of 685 game situations were assessed from 42 matches in the 2020/21 and 2021/22 seasons. The methods of work were: indirect observation of video recordings, notation analysis, expert assessment of game situations by an expert group (n = 5). Results: the error rate in the decisions of referees is 7%; inadequate positions detected 3%; A statistically significant relationship was found between the degree of error rate in the referees' decisions and the quality of the position (rs = .32, p < .001) but no material significance was found. We recommend a more detailed research solution to this issue.

Impact of competitive learning method on the accuracy of direct free kicks in football among male university students

The objective of the present research was to study the impact of the competitive learning method on the accuracy of direct free kicks in football among male university students. The research community was composed of the 90 third-year male students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Al-Qadisiyah, in the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 24 of these 90 students were randomly selected for the research sample, and they were equally divided into two experimental groups of 12 students. The experimental group 1 used only the competitive learning method, while the experimental group 2 used the competitive learning method and the Football Jumping Wall Device. The statistical analyses were carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The competitive learning method significantly improved the accuracy of direct free kicks in football among male university students. The combination of competitive learning method with the use of the Football Jumping Wall Device was more effective than the use of the competitive learning method alone. Therefore, the authors recommend the combined use of the competitive learning method and the Football Jumping Wall Device to improve the accuracy of direct free kicks in football among male university students.

Environmental factors affecting a football’s trajectory at the direct free kick

Environmental factors affecting a football’s trajectory at the direct free kick

Is there any relationship between match running, technical-tactical performance, and team success in professional soccer? A longitudinal study in the first and second divisions of LaLiga.

The aim of this study was to analyze the association between teams' success at the end of the season and match running, and technical-tactical performance in two professional soccer leagues. Match running, and technical-tactical performance data were collected during two consecutive seasons. A Factor Analysis was conducted to reduce the number of performance variables into a fewer number of factors. The scree plot with parallel analysis revealed that five factors should be retained. Then, a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explain which variables and factors were more associated with teams' success at the end of the season. The main findings of this study were that factor 3, which was correlated with goals scored, possessions ending with a goal, shots on target, goals from set plays, goals from a direct free kick, offsides, and goals conceded, was the most important contributor to teams' success (β = 0.66). In addition, this study observed a significant interaction (p = 0.001) between the second division of LaLiga and factor 2, which correlated with total distance (TD), sprinting distance (SPD), and sprinting actions (SPA) when opponent team owns the ball, tackles, shots inside the box, and fouls received. This implies that factor 2 had a different effect on the total points at the end of the season depending on the league. However, factor 2 had no effect on the first division. In conclusion, technical-tactical performance variables were usually more closely linked to the team's success in both leagues than match running performance data. Regarding the technical-tactical performance, teams may focus on drills that promote goal situations, shooting accuracy, the total of shots performed in match play, and set pieces. However, defensive skills need to be reinforced considering the importance of goals conceded for team success in both divisions. When it comes to the match running performance, teams are encouraged to focus on offensive actions, in which they possess and run with the ball (especially at high speed) and defensive actions in which the players perform continuous and high-intensity physical efforts to prevent the opponents from scoring, avoid counterattacks, stay compact, and defend the area and goal.

Football Offense Training Strategy Based on Fractional Differential Mathematical Modeling

Abstract This paper establishes the parameters of the ball trajectory based on the fractional differential equation model. At the same time, this paper quantifies the shooting power of direct free kicks. In this paper, the resistance effect of air on the motion of the center of mass is considered. And the dynamic equation of the football arc motion is established. In this way, we obtain the analytical solution of the differential equation of order. The research shows that the correlation between the fitting equation of the football flight trajectory and the prediction equation is 96.55%. The algorithm model in this paper can effectively predict the flight path of football. The research theory of this paper provides a theoretical basis for football offensive training strategies.

Mathematical Method to Construct the Linear Programming of Football Training

Abstract This article uses mathematical modeling methods to predict the trajectory of a free kick in football. The article calculates the parameters of the ball’s trajectory and quantifies the power of direct free kick shots. The article combines Kalman filter prediction and linear interpolation to supplement the position of the missed ball in the video. The experimental results show that the estimated result of this method is highly similar to the actual flight trajectory of football. This algorithm can be applied in practice.

Goal analysis of Lionel Messi’s 474 goals in LaLiga

The purpose of this study is to analyze the goal-scoring pattern of Lionel Messi’s 474 goals in the LaLiga competitions. The research is delimited to Messi’s 474 goals in 520 appearances for FC Barcelona from the 2004 to 2021 seasons. The findings showed that Messi scored all of his 474 goals with a scoring rate of 0.91 goals per game. Among his 474 goals in LaLiga club competitions, 394 goals were scored from his left foot another 63 goals from the right foot and 17 goals from the headers. Messi scored different types of scoring in his 474 goals; he scored 373 goals in open play, 61goals from penalties and 40 goals from direct free-kicks. Among his 474 goals, 386 goals were scored from the penalty area i.e. inside goal area (63 goals) and outside goal area (323 goals) and the remaining 88 goals were scored from outside the penalty area. The studies conclude that among all of his 474 goals, Messi used his left foot as a dominant foot as compared to his right foot for goal scoring. The types of goals he scores are mostly in open play rather than penalties and direct free-kicks.

The origins of goals in the German Bundesliga

ABSTRACT We propose to analyse the origin of goals in professional football (soccer) in a purely data-driven approach. Based on positional and event data of 3,457 goals from two seasons German Bundesliga and 2nd Bundesliga (2018/20,219 and 2019/2020), we devise a rich set of 37 features that can be extracted automatically and propose a hierarchical clustering approach to identify group structures. The results consist of 50 interpretable clusters revealing insights into scoring patterns. The hierarchical clustering found 8 alone standing clusters (penalties, direct free kicks, kick and rush, one-two’s, assisted by header, assisted by throw-in) and nine categories (e.g., corners) combining more granular patterns (e.g., five subcategories of corner-goals). We provide a thorough discussion of the clustering and show its relevance for practical applications in opponent analysis, player scouting and for long-term investigations. All stages of this work have been supported by professional analysts from clubs and federation.

The significant role of scoring from set plays in the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

The aim of this study was to analyze the set-play goals achieved and VAR influence in the 2018 World Cup as well as to examine their impact on game outcome. We analyzed 71 goals that have been scored from a set-play during the 2018 World Cup. We did not include the goals achieved during penalty process. χ2 analysis was used, and the level of significance was set at P<0.05. Overall, 42% of all goals came from set-plays in 64 matches of this tournament, which is on average 1.1 per match. The team that scored one or more goals via set-plays, won 71.1% of the occasions (χ2=24.368, P<0.001). Results showed that 22 goals achieved from corner kicks, and the most effective delivery area was the goal center area. Most of the goals (75.0%) from indirect free kick came from the sides, which had significant difference with the central area (χ2=4.000, P<0.05). All the goals (6) from direct free kick, were scored from the central area out of the 16.5-m box and the distance was <25 m from the goal in all of them. In total, 17 referee decisions changed after VAR reviews and 9 resulted in goals and 89% of them impact the current game outcome. The findings of this study highlighted the importance of scoring from set plays to game outcome. Coaches should be aware of the above findings in to order to make their teams more effective both in terms of attacking and defending a set-play situation.

Comparison of Goal Scoring Patterns in “The Big Five” European Football Leagues

The objective of the study was to compare goal scoring patterns among the “Big Five” European football leagues during the 2009/2010–2018/2019 seasons. A total of 18 pattern dimensions related to the offense pattern, the shooting situation and the scoring time period were evaluated. Kruskal–Wallis analyses revealed significant pattern differences among the five leagues. The Spanish La Liga showed a greater proportion of goals from throw-ins. The English Premier League had a higher tendency to score from corner kicks. The German Bundesliga had the greatest number of goals from counterattacks and indirect free kicks, and the Italian Serie A had the greatest proportion of penalties. Ligue 1’s scoring ability is weaker than that of the other leagues, especially Bundesliga. The Bundesliga had an overwhelming advantage in goals scored on big chances with assists, while the Premier League had an advantage in goals scored with assists that were not from big chances. However, the differences among the five leagues in the mean goals scored in the last 15 min and the goals from elaborate attacks and direct free kicks were not statistically significant. These results provide a valuable addition to the knowledge of different goal patterns of each league and allow us to better understand the differences among the leagues.

Techniques for kicking along various trajectories toward targets in direct free kicks in soccer

Techniques for kicking along various trajectories toward targets in direct free kicks in soccer

Analysis of goals in the English Premier League

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to examine the time period and league-ranking effects within different types of goals in the English Premier League. We investigate these effects through the use of six time periods (taken every 15 minutes), eight types of goals and four categories of teams. Based on the Kruskal-Wallis H test followed by the Bonferroni-adjusted Mann-Whitney U test, the key finding of this study is that different types of goals have varying degrees of time period effects and that there is a significant league-ranking effect both within all six time periods and within six types of goals (excluding throw-in and indirect free-kick). The study also reveals that the final 15 minutes of the game is the most prolific time for scoring. Our findings suggest that the top 5 teams have significant advantages in open play goals (elaborate attack and counter attack), while this overwhelming advantage is weakened in the other four types of goals (direct free-kick, corner kick, penalty, and own goal) and even absent in goals from indirect free-kicks and throw-ins. At the same time, there is no significant difference between the lower-middle 5 teams and the bottom 5 teams.

Analysis of some biomechanical variables influencing the accuracy of direct free kicks in soccer

Football kicking is described as a complex motor skill consisting of six important steps: Approach angle, supporting leg forces, swinging of the striking leg, hip flexion and extension at the knee ...

Study of soccer ball flight trajectory

In this paper the trajectories of a soccer ball for the most important kicks in the football game - a corner kick and a direct free kick are studied. The soccer ball is modelled as an ideal rigid hollow spherical body with six degrees of freedom, which performs a general motion in an immovable air environment with constant parameters. The ball 3D orientation is determined by the three Cardan angles. The aerodynamic forces and moments with which the air environment acts to the ball are taken into account. Two of the most dangerous areas of the football goal are defined. Differential equations which describe the motion of the soccer ball are solved numerically by MatLab-Simulink.

Does slow motion impact on the perception of foul play in football?

Objectives: Slow-motion replays of foul play situations are now used in the education and training of sports officials. We investigated the impact of video speed on the decision-making process of association football referees and how this interacted with expertise. Methods: Three different groups of referees, varying in level of expertise, assessed video clips from an in-game perspective. Video clips represented corner kick and open play situations in which a foul occurred or not. For these foul/no foul situations, the referees had to make a technical (no foul; indirect free kick; direct free kick; or penalty kick) and a disciplinary decision (no card; yellow card; or red card), under both slow-motion and real-time viewing conditions. Accuracy scores were determined by comparing participant’s responses with the decisions of an expert panel. Results: Significant differences were observed across groups for foul/no foul situations, suggesting that the experts were able to process the available information more effectively than their less expert colleagues. The accuracy scores for the technical decision were higher in slow motion (67%) compared to a real-time viewing condition (56%), particularly for corner kick situations. No differences were found between real time and slow motion for the disciplinary decision. Conclusions: Slow-motion footage results in higher accuracy scores for complex technical decisions. These findings have implications for the use of slow-motion replays in the decision-making process of referees.

Biomechanical Aspects of the Lower Limb Positions to the Direct Free Kick at Football

This paper present the aspects regarding the kinematics analysis of the human lower limb, respectively the angular positions and the angular velocities of the body segment, thigh, leg and foot, during of the direct free kick at football. For the analysis were videotaped the direct free kicks of 10 human subjects, children between 10 and 13 years, after which the images were processed using a specialized software. The method of the direct experimental kinematics analysis it allowed the determination of the amplitudes and the angular speeds segmentation advisable for to obtain accurate kicks in the direct free kicks with the ball. Regarding the performance, the objective pursued was that the ball must to have a trajectory on the space of the gate and also exceed the human wall which it is in front of the gate.

C-10 サッカーの直接フリーキックにおける的射の正確性に関する研究 : キック位置の違いに着目して(巧みさ)

C-10 サッカーの直接フリーキックにおける的射の正確性に関する研究 : キック位置の違いに着目して(巧みさ)