Direct Effect Research Articles

마음챙김이 초등학생의 불안에 미치는 영향

Objectives This study aim to explore the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety and the mediating effects of emotion regulation and worry on the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety. Methods The data were analyzed from 289 elementary school children in Seoul. Reliability analysis, technical sta-tistics, correlation analysis, and mediating effect analysis of each scale were conducted using the SPSS 18.0 and PROCESS Macro Model 4.2. Results Research results were as follows. First, the correlation between mindfulness and anxiety were significant, and regression analysis showed that mindfulness significantly predicted anxiety. Second, the mediating effect of emotion regulation and worry were significant in the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety. Conclusions This study was verified that children's mindfulness is a useful variable that directly affects anxiety re-duction and indirectly through emotional control and worry. It also provides useful information for making mindful-ness-based interventions. Considering the results that the indirect effect through worry was greater than the di-rect effect of mindfulness on anxiety, it suggests the need to include mindfulness activities on children's worry.

Childhood trauma, stressful life events, and depression: Exploring the mediating effect of cognitive flexibility.

Childhood trauma and stressful life events have been identified as risk factors for the development of depression. However, little is known about the potential cognitive mechanisms underlying these associations. This study aims to investigate the associations among childhood trauma, stressful life events, and depression and to test a mediating model to examine the roles of cognitive flexibility in these associations. First-year university students (n = 2627; Mage = 18.29, SDage = .86) were recruited from a medical university in Guangzhou, China. A total of 1,600 (60.9%) females and 1,027 (39.1%) males participated in the survey. Participants were administered self-report measures assessing childhood trauma, stressful life events, cognitive flexibility, and depression. Childhood trauma and stressful life events were both negative predictors of cognitive flexibility (β = -.32, β = -.19, respectively; ps < .01), which in turn was a negative predictor of depression (β = -.50, p < .01). Cognitive flexibility partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and depression (with the indirect effect = .161, 95% confidence interval, CI [.139, .185]) as well as the relationship between stressful life events and depression (with the indirect effect = .097, 95% CI [.078, .118]). This study reveals that childhood trauma and stressful life events not only have a direct effect on depression but also increase individuals' risk of depression by decreasing their cognitive flexibility. These findings shed light on the possible potential mechanism underlying the suicide process and highlight the important role of cognitive flexibility in suicide prevention and intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Longitudinal associations between adolescent skin color satisfaction and adult health outcomes in Black women.

Although emerging studies examine the inverse relationship between body satisfaction and disordered eating for Black women, it has not been established how racially salient aspects of body satisfaction may have implications for eating behaviors and longitudinal health outcomes. In a longitudinal sample of 455 Black women, we examined whether skin color satisfaction across ages 10-15 was directly related to adult health outcomes at age 40 (e.g., disordered eating, self-esteem, self-reported health, depressive symptoms, and cardiovascular risk). We also investigated the indirect impact of skin color satisfaction on adult health, mediated by body satisfaction, and binge eating. No significant direct or indirect effects of adolescent skin color satisfaction were observed for depressive symptoms or cardiovascular health outcomes. At ages 10 and 12, skin color satisfaction had negative and positive direct effects, respectively, on self-esteem. At age 15, greater skin color satisfaction was directly associated with greater self-reported health. Post hoc analyses revealed that when additionally accounting for adolescent body satisfaction, greater skin color satisfaction was indirectly associated with greater self-esteem and self-reported health, alongside lower cardiovascular risk. Although previous research suggests that in adolescence, Black girls' skin color satisfaction affects both body satisfaction and disordered eating behaviors, this association does not hold into midlife. Rather, post hoc analyses suggest that the lasting effects of adolescent skin color satisfaction are mediated by the longitudinal stability of body satisfaction, which in turn, is associated with adult health outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Structural effect of principals change leadership on e-learning effectiveness

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The aim of this research was to investigating the structural effect of the principal change leadership on the effectiveness of online-based learning with teacher work commitment and teacher attitudes towards change as mediator variables, which were approached quantitatively. Multilevel stratified proportional random sampling technique is used in sampling, while inclusion criteria are principals and teachers of primary schools who are still active in Kutai Kartanegara, Samarinda and Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis technique is used in this research. The results of the study show that the principals’ change leadership has a direct effect on the effectiveness of online-based learning, as well as an indirect effect through teacher work commitment and teacher attitudes towards change. This research contributes both theoretically and practically, where the change leadership demonstrated by the principal can ideally encourage teacher work commitment and teacher attitudes towards change, which in turn can promote the effectiveness of the implementation of online learning, as an effort to meet student learning needs.&lt;/span&gt;

Lower Perceived Neighborhood Collective Efficacy Indirectly Influences the Association Between Perceived Maternal Exposure to Community Violence and Household Food Insecurity.

Individuals of color and of low socioeconomic status are at greater risk of experiencing community violence and food insecurity, which are both influenced by neighborhood conditions. We evaluated neighborhood collective efficacy as a linkage between community violence exposure and household food insecurity. Mothers from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study who completed phone surveys when the child was 3 (time 1, T1) and 5 years old (time 2, T2) were included (n = 2068). A covariate-adjusted structural equation model estimated direct and indirect effects of community violence exposure on household food insecurity. A covariate-adjusted multiple mediator model estimated the indirect effects of the 2 neighborhood collective efficacy subscales (informal social control; social cohesion and trust). At T1, 40% of mothers reported community violence exposure; 15% experienced food insecurity at T2. Mean neighborhood collective efficacy (range 1-5) at T1 was 2.44 (SD = 0.94). Neighborhood collective efficacy indirectly influenced the association between community violence exposure and food insecurity (indirect effect = 0.022, 95% CI = 0.007 to 0.040). Only social cohesion and trust contributed independent variance to the indirect effect model (indirect effect = 0.028, 95% CI = 0.001 to 0.056). Community-based efforts to reduce household food insecurity should emphasize building social cohesion and trust in communities experiencing violence.

Early-Life Lead Exposure: Risks and Neurotoxic Consequences.

Lead (Pb) does not have any biological function in a human, and there is likely no safe level of Pb in the human body. The Pb exposure impacts are a global concern for their potential neurotoxic consequences. Despite decreasing both the environmental Pb levels and the average blood Pb levels in the survey populations, the lifetime redistribution from the tissues-stored Pb still poses neurotoxic risks from the low-level exposure in later life. The growing fetus and children hold their innate high-susceptible to these Pb-induced neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral effects. This article aims to evaluate the cumulative studies and insights on the topic of Pb neurotoxicology while assessing the emerging trends in the field. The Pb-induced neurochemical and neuro-immunological mechanisms are likely responsible for the high-level Pb exposure with the neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral impacts at the initial stages. Early-life Pb exposure can still produce neurodegenerative consequences in later life due to the altered epigenetic imprints and the ongoing endogenous Pb exposure. Several mechanisms contribute to the Pb-induced neurotoxic impacts, including the direct neurochemical effects, the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation through immunologic activations, and epigenetic alterations. Furthermore, the individual nutritional status, such as macro-, micro-, or antioxidant nutrients, can significantly influence the neurotoxic impacts even at low-level exposure to Pb. The prevention of early-life Pb exposure is, therefore, the critical determinant for alleviating various Pb-induced neurotoxic impacts across the different age groups.

How discrimination experiences relate to racial/ethnic identity and mental health across first- and second-generation Vietnamese American adolescents.

Racial/ethnic discrimination has been linked to behavioral and emotional problems in youth from marginalized groups. However, the psychological experience associated with discrimination may differ between immigrant and nonimmigrant youth. Race-based discrimination may impact an adolescent's view of their own group (private regard) and/or their sense of how others view their group (public regard). Owing to differences in racialization, immigrant adolescents may be affected differently by experiences of discrimination than their U.S.-born peers. The present study examined whether nativity moderated the paths from racial/ethnic discrimination to private and public regard to mental health problems among Vietnamese American youth. Surveys were completed by 718 Vietnamese American 10th and 11th graders (Mage = 15.54 years, 61.4% female, 38.6% male). In this sample, 21.2% were first-generation (i.e., born outside of the United States) and 78.8% were second-generation (i.e., born in the United States with at least one parent born outside of the United States). Multigroup path analysis tested the direct and indirect effects of racial/ethnic discrimination on behavioral and emotional problems via private and public regard and whether associations differed for first- versus second-generation youth. Racial/ethnic discrimination was associated with lower public regard, but not private regard, for both first- and second-generation Vietnamese American youth. Public regard was negatively associated with behavioral and emotional problems only among second-generation youth. No indirect effects were significant. Findings suggest differences in racialized experiences, as well as opportunities to support second-generation Vietnamese American and other marginalized youth from immigrant families from the mental health impacts of discrimination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Pre-service teachers’ mathematics achievement, attitude, and anxiety: The moderative role of pre-service teachers’ interest in the learning process

The aim of the study was meant to investigate the moderative role of pre-service teachers’ interest on mathematics achievement, attitude and anxiety during teaching and learning process. The study was conducted at Akrokerri College of Education Adansi, Ghana on pre-service teachers with a population of 300. A sample of 206 pre-service teachers were involved in the study. Questionnaires were designed with regards to the four main constructs identified in the study. The questionnaires were analyzed using the structural equation model. The findings revealed that pre-service mathematics teachers’ attitude has a direct positive effect on pre-service teachers ‘mathematics achievement. Mathematics anxiety has a positive effect and is statistically insignificant on mathematics achievement. Finally, the moderating effect of mathematics interest on the relationship between mathematics attitude and mathematics achievement result was negative and it is statistically insignificant.

Nanoparticles integrated withmild photothermal therapy and oxaliplatin for tumor chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Aims: Preparation and evaluation of nanoparticles for tumor chemotherapy and immunotherapy mild photothermal therapy and oxaliplatin. Methods: The double emulsion method was used for nanoparticle preparations. Polydopamine was deposited on the surface, which was further modified with folic acid. Cytotoxicity assays were carried out by cell counting kit-8. In vivo antitumor assays were carried out on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Results: The nanoparticles exhibited a 190nm-diameter pomegranate-like sphere, which could increase temperature to 43-46°C. In vivo distribution showed enhanced accumulation. The nanoparticles generated stronger immunogenic cell death effects. By stimulating the maturation of dendritic cells, mild photothermal therapy combined with oxaliplatin significantly increased the antitumor effect by a direct killing effect and activation of immunotherapy. Conclusion: This study provided a promising strategy of combination therapy for tumors.

Moderated Mediation Analysis of Structural Stigma and Suicidal Ideation and Behaviors Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults.

Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a moderated mediation analysis to understand further the complex pathways through which structural stigma in the form of transgender sports bans was associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1033 adults who identified as SGM from across the 50 U.S. states and Washington, DC was conducted between January 28 and February 7, 2022. Distal discrimination distress was the mediation variable; individual resilience and social resources were the moderation variables. Familiarity with transgender sports bans represented structural stigma. The conditional process analysis was applied to build a moderated mediation model. Both conditional direct and indirect effects were computed by estimated coefficients. All models were based on linear regression. Results: Our final model explained nearly half (46%) of the variation in suicidal ideation and behaviors between those SGM adults familiar and those not familiar with transgender sports bans. Social resources significantly moderated the conditional indirect effect of distal discrimination distress (adjusted estimate = -0.23; 95% confidence interval = -0.37 to -0.08). Conclusion: Both discrimination distress and social resources influenced the association between structural stigma as measured by familiarity with transgender sports bans and suicidal ideation and behaviors among SGM adults. Findings support the need for future research examining the pathway between structural stigma and suicidal ideation and behaviors among SGM adults and how minority stress, social safety, and other constructs shape this pathway.

Paths from adverse and benevolent childhood experiences to personal growth after childbirth: The role of psychological distress, social support, and self-compassion.

Dealing with the difficulties and demands of the postpartum period may be distressing for the mother, but it is also an opportunity for her to experience personal growth. One factor that may contribute to this growth is the mother's childhood experiences. Using a prospective study design, and based on Belsky's parenting model and personal growth theory, we examined the direct and indirect contribution of mothers' adverse and benevolent childhood experiences and their current psychological distress, self-compassion, and social support to their personal growth following childbirth and motherhood. A convenience sample of 392 women was recruited through social media and participated in the study about 16 weeks after childbirth (Phase 1) and again 6-10 months postpartum (Phase 2). The direct effects of adverse and benevolent childhood experiences on personal growth were not significant. However, multiple significant paths of indirect associations were found through psychological distress, self-compassion, and social support. To understand the roots of the mother's personal growth, researchers and clinicians alike should not only explore her personal resources, but also the primary processes that contribute to the creation of those resources, that is, childhood experiences. Addressing the mother's childhood experiences may help her to better understand the connections between the past and the present, and to identify the implications of her "ghosts and angels" for her mental state, personal resources, and experience of personal growth. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Influencer Marketing Strategies and Brand Image in Boosting Consumer Purchase Intent: The Role of Customer Support Intervention

This research explores the intricate relationships among influencer marketing strategies, brand image, customer support, and consumer purchase intent within the operational framework of PT. Len Industri (Persero) - Jakarta Office. Through path analysis, the study discerns direct and indirect effects, revealing significant findings. Marketing Strategies exhibit a notable direct impact on both Customer Support and Consumer Purchase Intent, underscoring the centrality of effective marketing initiatives in shaping customer interactions and purchase decisions. Conversely, Brand Image reveals a non-significant direct effect on Customer Support but demonstrates a marginally significant impact on Consumer Purchase Intent, indicating a nuanced relationship that warrants further investigation. The indirect effects analysis highlights the substantial influence of Marketing Strategies on Consumer Purchase Intent mediated by Customer Support. These findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach, integrating marketing strategies, brand image cultivation, and effective customer support to enhance overall consumer experiences and drive purchase intent in a competitive market landscape.

The Impact of Personal Financial Management and Emotional Intelligence on Financial Well-being with The Mediation of Risk Management Attitude

This study investigates the intricate relationships among personal financial management, emotional intelligence, risk management attitude, and financial well-being. The study employs a random sampling technique with a sample size of 41 individuals from Bank Mandiri KCP Solo Slamet Riyadi. Path analysis, using the SmartPLS software, is utilized to explore direct and indirect effects. The results reveal a significant positive impact of personal financial management on risk management attitude and financial well-being. However, emotional intelligence is not found to be a significant predictor of risk management attitude or financial well-being. The study concludes that effective personal financial management practices play a crucial role in enhancing financial well-being, both directly and indirectly through influencing risk management attitudes. These findings provide insights for interventions and educational programs aimed at improving individuals' financial resilience and satisfaction by emphasizing responsible financial habits and decision-making.

Team Dynamics in a Hybrid Work Environment: Effective Strategies for Enhancing Employee Performance and Well-being

This study investigates the intricate relationships among team dynamics, employee performance, and well-being in the context of a hybrid work environment, with a specific focus on PT Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk. Utilizing path analysis, the study explores both direct and indirect effects to unveil the dynamics shaping organizational practices related to hybrid work. The research reveals a significant direct impact of individual employee performance on both team dynamics and the establishment of a hybrid work environment. Team dynamics are identified as a crucial mediator, emphasizing their pivotal role in translating individual contributions into organizational strategies for hybrid work adaptation. However, the study finds that the direct influence of employee well-being on team dynamics and subsequently on the hybrid work environment may not be statistically significant. These findings offer nuanced insights for organizations aiming to optimize their work environment, suggesting tailored strategies to leverage team dynamics and individual performance for successful hybrid work implementation while considering the multifaceted nature of employee well-being.

Fear of Negative Evaluation, Appearance Distress and Inferiority Complex among University Women Having Acne Problem

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and inferiority complex in university women with acne problems. Study also explored the mediating role of appearance distress between the variables. A correlational survey research designed was employed to execute the research. Data was collected through purposive sampling and the sample was of university women (n= 220) with acne problem. The tools for the study were ‘Brief Version of the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary,1983), Appearance Anxiety Inventory Scale (David Veale, 2011), COMPIN Scale (Djordje Ceklija, 2017) for Inferiority Complex. For data analysis, Partial least square-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was applied via statistical software, i.e. Smart-PLS (version-4 M4). The measurement model showed high reliability and validity and the structural model revealed positive and significant direct and indirect effect of appearance distress between the fear of negative evaluation and inferiority complex among women having acne problem. Practical and societal implications have been discussed for the women having acne, counselors and clinicians.

UNDERSTANDING THE INFLUENCE OF FOOD VALUE ON FAST-FOOD CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR: A STUDY ON THE MEDIATING ROLE OF BLOGGER REVIEWS AND MODERATING EFFECT OF CONTENT CREDIBILITY

This study proposes investigating the effect of food value on food bloggers' reviews (i.e., the direct effect) and the customers' purchase intentions (i.e., the direct and indirect effects) of fast-food restaurants. In addition, this study examines the moderating role of content credibility on food blogger reviews and customers' purchase intention relationships. The quantitative method is used in this study to gather data from fast-food restaurant customers in Cairo, Egypt. Where 450 questionnaires were given out to fast-food restaurant customers, 354 valid questionnaires were gathered for analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Amos software. Food value positively influences food bloggers' reviews and fast-food restaurant customers' purchasing intentions. Additionally, this research found that food blogger reviews mediate a positive relationship between food value and fast-food restaurant customers' intentions to purchase. Importantly, this study discovered that content credibility has a positive moderating impact on the relationship between food blogger reviews and the purchase intention of fast-food restaurant customers. The study contributes to the literature on tourism and hospitality, where we employed food value as a decisive and influencing factor in improving food bloggers' reviews and thus influencing fast-food restaurant customers' intention to purchase. Thus, fast-food restaurant managers should create all the suggested food values because of their impact on food bloggers' reviews and customers' intentions to purchase.

The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in the Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and Subjective Well-Being in High School Students during the COVID 19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic brought some uncertain and new changes in life patterns. These changes have had psychological effects on high school students as well as in all age groups. This study aimed to examine the mediating role of cognitive flexibility between intolerance of uncertainty and subjective well-being in high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants of the study consisted of 437 high school students (234 females and 203 males) in Turkey. They completed measures of intolerance of uncertainty, cognitive flexibility, and adolescent subjective well-being. The hypothetical model developed in order to determine whether cognitive flexibility mediates in the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and subjective well-being was tested through Structural Equation Modeling. The results of the study revealed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant direct effect on subjective well-being. Cognitive flexibility partially mediated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and subjective well-being for the high school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Practitioners can create psychoeducational programs to decrease intolerance of uncertainty and increase the cognitive flexibility levels of the students. The practitioners can apply these programs to high school students.

Mobile phone addiction and suicide behaviors among Chinese adolescents: The mediation of poor sleep quality.

Mobile phone addiction (MPA) is emerging among adolescents, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding the correlation between MPA and suicide behaviors and its mechanism. The objective of the current study is exploring the direct effect of MPA on suicide behaviors and the indirect effect through poor sleep quality. A total of 18,900 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 were recruited via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The prevalence of MPA and poor sleep quality was 26.2 and 23.1%, respectively. During the past year, 24.4% participants were involved in suicide behaviors. Specifically, suicide ideators, suicide planners, and suicide attempters were 10.7, 8.4, and 5.3%, respectively. Particularly, rural females had the highest prevalence of suicide behaviors, MPA, and poor sleep quality.Logistic regression analysis showed that MPA was significantly associated with suicide ideators (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09-1.37, p < 0.001) and planners (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.04-1.34, p < 0.05), but not for suicide attempters (p > 0.05). Structural equation modelling demonstrated that MPA had direct effect on suicide behaviors (β = 0.145, 95% CI = 0.127-0.160), and poor sleep quality partially mediated the relationship (the mediating ratio was 46.7%). The mediating ratio of poor sleep quality was the highest in urban males. MPA has both direct and indirect effects on suicide behaviors. For suicide prevention, limited mobile phone use and improvement sleep quality may be practical for adolescents. Additionally, more efforts of intervention could give priority to rural girls.

The relationship between psychological distress and weight maintenance in weight cycling: mediating role of eating behavior

BackgroundObesity is a global public health concern. The goal of this study was to see if eating habits could mediate the relationship between psychological distress and weight maintenance in a population with a history of weight cycling.MethodsA 3-month outpatient intervention consisting of a diet and exercise program was provided to 153 participants. Psychological distress, appetite, and behavior were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline and six months.ResultsAfter the structural equation model was developed, it was discovered that the psychological status of people with obesity and weight cycling histories correlated with the weight loss outcome effect (three and six months). This effect was mediated by factors related to eating behavior. Associative psychological factors had a direct effect on eating behavior (three months: β = 0.181, 95% CI: 0.055–0.310; six months: β = 0.182, 95% CI: 0.039–0.332) and appetite had a direct effect on eating behavior (three months: β = 0.600, 95% CI: 0.514–0.717; six months: β = 0.581, 95% CI: 0.457–0.713), both of which were significant (p < 0.01). At three months, psychological distress has a more substantial positive impact on weight change, with eating behavior acting as a partial mediator. At six months, there was no support for appetite’s moderating role in eating behavior.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that psychological interventions should be strengthened to improve weight loss effectiveness, particularly in participants with a history of weight cycling, making weight loss more complicated and prone to rebound.Clinical trial registrationThe study has been registered in Clinical Trials (NCT05311462).

Cloud Computing and firm performance: a SEM microdata analysis for Israeli firms

PurposeThis paper aims to study the economic effects of Cloud Computing for a sample of Israeli firms. The authors propose a framework that considers how this technology affects firm performance also introducing the indirect economic effects that take place through cloud-complementary technologies such as Big Data and Machine Learning.Design/methodology/approachThe model is estimated through structural equation modeling. The data set consists of the microdata of the survey of information and communication technologies uses and cyber protection in business conducted in Israel by the Central Bureau of Statistics.FindingsThe results point to Cloud Computing as a crucial technology to increase firm performance, presenting significant direct and indirect effects as the use of complementary technologies maximizes its impact. Firms that enjoy most direct economic gains from Cloud Computing appear to be the smaller ones, although larger enterprises seem more capable to assimilate complementary technologies, such as Big Data and Machine Learning. The total effects of cloud on firm performance are quite similar among manufacturing and service firms, although the composition of the different effects involved is different.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the very few analyses estimating the impact of Cloud Computing on firm performance based on country microdata and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first one that contemplates the indirect economic effects that take place through cloud-complementary technologies such as Big Data and Machine Learning.