Direct Assignment Research Articles

A Personalized Teaching System for College English Based on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence

In the ultra-modern digital age, the schooling sector is experiencing a transformative shift driven by the convergence of massive records and artificial Intelligence (AI). This paper offers a singular initiative—a ”personalised teaching machine for university English” that harnesses the electricity of these technologies to revolutionise how English language practice is delivered at the college level. The system is designed to address the various ways of gaining knowledge of the desires of students and adapting dynamically to their talent degrees, styles, and possibilities. The centre of this device lies in its capability to collect, technique, and analyse extensive amounts of records associated with students’ language acquisition journey. By leveraging massive statistics techniques, the machine captures and interprets college students’ interactions with direct materials, assignments, exams, and peer interactions. Concurrently, the latest AI algorithms, which include herbal Language Processing (NLP) and gadget learning (ML), are employed to create a responsive and smart learning environment. The system tailors mastering pathways for personal college students, ensuring they get hold of content material and sporting events aligned with their cutting-edge scalability stages. Ordinary formative checks are performed to gauge college students’ progress, taking into consideration timely interventions and changes in teaching techniques. This progressive customised coaching device for university English now not only enhances language proficiency but additionally promotes self-directed getting-to-know and empowers educators with information-pushed insights. The amalgamation of large facts and AI promises to reshape English language education’s panorama, paving the way for an extra personalised, green, and effective pedagogical method in university settings. In conclusion, this study illuminates the transformative ability of harnessing massive records and AI in schooling, with precise relevance to language instruction. The machine is a pioneering model for personalised, adaptive, and information-centric teaching methodologies in higher training.

A global adaptive discretization of velocity space for discrete velocity methods in predictions of rarefied and multi-scale flows

By introducing a discrete velocity space (DVS), deterministic methods in gas-kinetic theory, such as the discrete velocity method (DVM) and unified methods, can accurately capture complex nonequilibrium distribution functions and describe rarefied flow behaviors. However, describing high-speed flows with conventional Cartesian DVS is prohibitively costly due to the large number of discrete velocity points. Therefore, to enable deterministic solvers to handle complex, rarefied, and multi-scale flows effectively, a novel adaptive velocity space (AVS) is proposed. First, a global velocity mesh is intentionally adopted instead of a local velocity mesh to maintain a high level of DVS parallelism and facilitate extension to implicit algorithms. The global AVS is robust as it avoids the instability of information transformation between different cell-local AVS. Second, a new strategy is developed for reconstructing the distribution function in the tree-structured AVS, which is a low-order reconstruction with forced macroscopic conservation. This low-order reconstruction facilitates the direct value assignment between farther and child nodes, avoiding the derivative calculation of the distribution function (which is sometimes discontinuous). Additionally, the integration error of the low-order reconstruction is fixed by the forced macroscopic conservation. With these two important improvements, the proposed global AVS is then integrated into general DVM frameworks, such as the unified gas-kinetic scheme. Finally, a number of numerical tests are carried out to validate the proposed method, including steady and unsteady multi-scale flows.

Sustainable urban road planning under the digital twin-MCDM-GIS framework considering multidisciplinary factors

Sustainable urban road planning necessitates the formulation of functional, economic, people-friendly, eco-friendly, and engineering-reasonable road schemes within the confines of limited urban space. It is challenging to meet traffic demands, stimulate economic growth, foster social progress, and minimize adverse impacts on the social and natural environment. This study proposes a comprehensive approach for sustainable urban road planning, employing the Digital Twin-MCDM-GIS framework. Digital twins play a pivotal role in converting diverse factors into comprehensible expressions. MCDM (multi-criteria decision making) evaluates and assigns weights to these multidisciplinary factors. GIS (geographic information system) offers an integrated digital space for analysis. Various digitalisation and parsing methods, including direct assignment methods, spatial analysis methods, and complex professional methods, are introduced for traffic, development, cost, social, environmental, and engineering factors. By assigning distinct weights to these factors, diverse raster data are established to generate multiple road schemes using the least-cost wide path analysis. To validate the proposed approach, a case study was conducted in the London Borough of Bromley, resulting in the generation of 14 road schemes with varying widths and factor considerations in limited urban space.

Improved characterization of single-cell RNA-seq libraries with paired-end avidity sequencing.

Prevailing poly(dT)-primed 3' single-cell RNA-seq protocols generate barcoded cDNA fragments containing the reverse transcriptase priming site, which is expected to be the poly(A) tail or a genomic adenine homopolymer. Direct sequencing across this priming site was historically difficult because of DNA sequencing errors induced by the homopolymeric primer at the 'barcode' end. Here, we evaluate the capability of "avidity base chemistry" DNA sequencing from Element Biosciences to sequence through this homopolymer accurately, and the impact of the additional cDNA sequence on read alignment and precise quantification of polyadenylation site usage. We find that the Element Aviti instrument sequences through the thymine homopolymer into the subsequent cDNA sequence without detectable loss of accuracy. The resulting paired-end alignments enable direct and independent assignment of reads to polyadenylation sites, which bypasses complexities and limitations of conventional approaches but does not consistently improve read mapping rates compared to single-end alignment. We also characterize low-level artifacts and arrive at an adjusted adapter trimming and alignment workflow that significantly improves the alignment of sequence data from Element and Illumina, particularly in the context of extended read lengths. Our analyses confirm that Element avidity sequencing is an effective alternative to Illumina sequencing for standard single-cell RNA-seq, particularly for polyadenylation site analyses but do not rule out the potential for similar performance from other emerging platforms.

Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis pada Buku Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X Sekolah Penggerak dan SMK Pusat Keunggulan

Critical thinking has become a discussion in education as a skill that must be possessed by students so that learning activities properly direct assignment activities and questions that lead to critical thinking skills. Then in this study the aim was to describe the results of the analysis and evaluation of critical thinking in class X Indonesian books used in Sekolah Penggerak dan SMK Pusat Keunggulan. The research method used was content analysis supported by statistic descriptions. The instrument used is a critical thinking activity framework in language learning developed by Ilyas. Based on the results of the analysis, out of 220 assignment activities and questions, there were 137 (62.27%) activities that lead to critical thinking skills, consisting of requests (13.64%); exploring assumptions (14.09%); exploring reasons and proof (13.64%); exploring point of view or perspective (5.45%); exploring impacts, consequences, and alternatives (5.91%); formulate questions (0.91%); predict (0.91%); express agreement and disagreement (3.18%); and summarizing and concluding (4.55%). Based on the proportion of instructions or assignments, this Indonesian language book is sufficient to contain instructions for improving critical thinking skills. However, it takes the teacher's ability to direct learning so that the goal of increasing critical thinking can be developed.

Addressing the Binning Problem in Calibration Assessment through Scalar Annotations

Abstract Computational linguistics models commonly target the prediction of discrete—categorical—labels. When assessing how well-calibrated these model predictions are, popular evaluation schemes require practitioners to manually determine a binning scheme: grouping labels into bins to approximate true label posterior. The problem is that these metrics are sensitive to binning decisions. We consider two solutions to the binning problem that apply at the stage of data annotation: collecting either distributed (redundant) labels or direct scalar value assignment. In this paper, we show that although both approaches address the binning problem by evaluating instance-level calibration, direct scalar assignment is significantly more cost-effective. We provide theoretical analysis and empirical evidence to support our proposal for dataset creators to adopt scalar annotation protocols to enable a higher-quality assessment of model calibration.

Centering equity in a longitudinal health systems science curricula

What was the educational challenge? Health inequity impedes care at every level of the health care system. Despite this, health equity is not the foundation for most health systems science (HSS) curricula. What was the solution? We reframed our HSS curricula to focus on health equity. How was the solution implemented? We integrated equity concepts into all HSS content areas. First-year content emphasizes structural competency and is delivered through didactics, discussions, interprofessional education, panels, and service-learning requirements. Second-year content applies HSS principles in the clinical space through direct patient care and assignments. Third- and fourth-year content focuses on HSS advocacy and leadership. What lessons were learned that are relevant to a wider global audience? It is crucial to center health equity in medical curricula to improve patient outcomes. Proper faculty development, non-judgmental discussions, and integration with clinical and medical sciences are critical to successful implementation. What are the next steps? We will address feedback, emphasize relevance to patients and populations, and refine outcome measures.

Proportional intuitionistic fuzzy AHP method: Wind turbine selection application

The direct assignment of decimal numbers for membership and non-membership degrees of an element in intuitionistic fuzzy sets is not practical. The problem is that the expert cannot assign the same values to the degrees of membership, non-membership and hesitancy in decimal numbers for the same proposition in every attempt. Rather than the former, the assignment of proportional relationships between membership and non-membership degrees is more appropriate. We propose proportion-based models for intuitionistic fuzzy sets that include arithmetic and aggregation operators. Proportional intuitionistic fuzzy (PIF) sets require only the proportion relations between an intuitionistic fuzzy set’s parameters. These models will make it easier to define intuitionistic fuzzy sets with more accurate data that better represents expert judgments. We transform AHP method, one of the traditional multi-criteria decision making methods, to PIF AHP using PIF sets. We compare the proposed PIF AHP method by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy AHP method existing in the literature. A wind turbine selection problem is handled to show the validity of the proposed PIF AHP method.

Comparison of the Process of Public Tender and Direct Award in Rail Passenger Transport in Slovakia

European member states have been opening to competition in passenger rail transport in recent years, while others are still on the road to liberalization. The European Commission has decided to address the significant decline in rail transport performance through its competitiveness and sustainable development policy. The most important can be considered the removal of barriers, harmonization, and harmonization of standards. Finally, it is a process of liberalization, the aim of which is to ensure non-discriminatory access to the railway network for other carriers (national and private) from any member state, as well as to make the functioning of the existing monopoly more accessible. railway companies more efficiently. The article is focused on a comparison of the form of concluding contracts for transport performance in the public interest in railway passenger transport in the Slovak Republic. The article describes the process of concluding contracts for transport services in the public interest in the form of direct assignment and in the form of a public tender. The comparison of the public tender process and direct submission is applied for the line Bratislava - Dunajská Streda - Komárno. The requirements of direct awarding and public tendering are compared, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the criteria for evaluating bids in public tendering or in the case of direct awarding. Four indicators that influence this process are also compared.

Critical success factors in asset securitisation in banks in India

Asset securitization is the structured business process whereby Banks’ loan assets and other receivables are packaged and sold in the form of ‘asset-backed securities’(ABS), thereby loan originators transfer some of their loan-risks to third parties. Asset securitization considers a pool of performing/non-performing retail loan assets and through financial engineering models, transforms them to tradable security by involving a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) that issues Negotiable Instruments (like Bonds/Promissory Notes/CPs) called Pass Through Certificates (PTCs) to Investors. In Indian context, most asset securitisation deals are done on Direct Assignment (DA) basis through retail loans-asset pool transfer to pool-buyer Bank with no SPV in between and hence no tradable security. This Research study analysed ‘Critical Success Factors (CSFs)’ in Indian model of asset securitisation (Li Liu, 2021) and in the process also analysed its associated business-processes, systematic-risks, Issues & challenges. This study sourced its primary data from hands-on deal-practitioners and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) associated with deal-participating entities and through qualitative data analysis technique of Narrative analysis and Applied Conversation analysis, the research-findings are concluded. The CSFs include - key business benefits including achieving lending targets & compliance norms, supporting IT systems, immediate liquidity support (Chilukani Munender Reddy, 2018). Towards future prospects and challenges (Lakshman Alles, 2021), this study suggests for setting up ‘Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Assets Securitisation’ in each bank, for ‘building product-expertise and evolve appropriate asset-pricing-models for deals and PTC securities’. The study also suggests for an ‘Enabling IT systems’ that support automated deal-processes, risk-monitoring and compliance tracking’. These two aspects would facilitate for better deal-transparency and for making informed decisions by deal stake-holders.

Comparative numerical study to simulate masonry with bed joint reinforced repointing

Bed joint reinforced repointing is a retrofitting technique for unreinforced masonry structures that is commonly applied in the Netherlands to repair settlement-induced damage. Using this technique, the bed joints of masonry walls are reinforced with steel rebars that are embedded in a high strength repair mortar. Due to the increase of induced seismic events in the northern part of the Netherlands, an experimental study was carried out at Delft University of Technology to investigate the performance of this retrofitting technique for combined settlement and seismic loading. This paper aims to simulate the experimental results, with a focus on the comparison of different finite element modelling approaches for studying both un-strengthened and strengthened full-scale tested walls. To that end, three different models are investigated – comprising both macro (continuum) and simplified and detailed micro (brick-to-brick) modelling approaches. The bricks and mortar joints are modelled as one homogenous continuum in the macro model, whereas in the two brick-to-brick models these structural components are modelled separately, with the detailed model including interface elements to simulate the brick–mortar bonds. Nonlinear pushover analyses are subsequently carried out using all three modelling approaches, for both monotonic and cyclic loading cases. Based on these analyses, the detailed brick-to-brick model was found unsuitable to simulate the strengthened wall because cracks in the model mainly occur in the form of opening of the brick–mortar bond interfaces, while smeared cracking in the plane stress elements of the mortar joints is very limited. Similarly, the continuum damage model was found to be inaccurate when pre-existing damage in the experiment needed to be taken into account. The continuum damage model also showed lower axial stresses in the rebars, compared with the simplified brick-to-brick model, as the former does not allow for the direct assignment of material properties for the high strength repair mortar in the strengthened joints.

EN‐DADA: Node task assignment algorithm for energy harvesting wireless multimedia sensor networks

AbstractToday, a directional wireless multimedia sensor network is a popular environment for solving the task assignment problem. Achieving long‐term frontal monitoring of moving objects is a crucial challenge for scholars in this field. Utilizing directional sensors equipped with energy harvesting is an effective technique to enhance network performance. In this way, the energy of nodes is no longer limited to batteries and can result in better frontal monitoring. In this method, each sensor categorizes tasks based on its own energy, allowing the determination of task execution nodes through bidding. The present study proposes a distributed algorithm for directional task assignment, EN‐DADA, based on energy harvesting. The task was first classified to determine the candidate node set that could execute the task, and then the task assignment was determined according to the monitoring income of each node in the candidate node set. The comparative analysis confirmed that the proposed method had advantages in terms of task revenue and network lifetime when using the same energy harvesting model.

Application of clustering cooperative differential privacy in spatial crowdsourcing task allocation

A framework for spatial crowdsourcing task allocation based on centralized differential privacy is proposed for addressing the problem of worker’s location privacy leakage. Firstly, by combining two stages of differential privacy noise addition and clustering matching, a spatial crowdsourcing worker dataset with high differential privacy protection can be obtained; Secondly, the dynamic problem of spatial crowdsourcing task allocation is transformed into a static combinatorial optimization problem by dividing the spatiotemporal units and the “delay matching” strategy; Finally, the improved discrete glowworm swarm optimization algorithm is used to calculate the results of spatial crowdsourcing task allocation. It has been demonstrated that, compared to the direct differential privacy noise-adding assignment method and the discrete glowworm swarm optimization assignment method, the proposed method achieves better task assignment results, with the total travel distance reduced by 12.42% and 3.56%, respectively, and the task assignment success rate increased by 11.75% and 3.34%, respectively.

Systematic framework for sustainable urban road alignment planning

Sustainable urban road alignment planning should provide functional, economical, people-friendly, and eco-friendly schemes to meet traffic-related demands and promote social development. However, how to realise it is unclear. This research systematically develops a framework for it from the perspective of factors that should be considered, digitalisation and parsing methods, factor evaluation, and road alignment generation based on a systematic literature review, two rounds of questionnaire surveys using the Delphi method, three focus groups, and questionnaire surveys for multi-criteria decision making (MCDM). The considered factors are determined, including traffic, development, cost, social, environmental, and engineering factors. Several digitalisation and parsing methods for the factors are proposed, including direct assignment methods, spatial analysis methods, complex professional analysis methods, and other methods. The MCDM-GIS (geographic information system) method using the least-cost wide path analysis is suggested for road alignment generation. The importance of the factors is evaluated by the experts using MCDM.

Corruption and political interventions in public health authorities–Hellenic Republic Region of Attica: Conceptual analysis study

The national public health services and the organizations carried out over the practice of policy interventions and changes in the functioning of government, public policy, and public health sector administration. This conceptual study analyses the public health services and anti-corruption management organizations have direct links with political intervention. They have a negative impact on society and partially effective responses, also in times of pandemic, with affected epidemiological factors in the protection of public health. Leadership in the services plays a key role in ensuring smooth functioning and transparency, and the influence on them of the government and administrative machinery in Greece by the government.<br /> A phenomenon and practice, where the laws are completely renewed every time the government changes with the introduction of a specific policy. It is necessary that the structure and functioning of the state, public officials, and personnel be outlined in the context of the implementation of minimizing corruption. The primary purpose for integrity, a particular problem with the appointments of supervisors in these departments by direct assignment to the posts of directors, without considering the relevant legislation and without merit-based procedures and review by the special service councils that appoint directors based on criteria and legislation governing the evaluation of employees. Digital health services and e-government is also determining factor with a positive impact, universally, also and in times of pandemics will give benefits in relation to the anti-corruption actions. In this study give necessary methodology, systematic literature reviews and principles to anti-corruption.

Progressive Literacy Task: Design Strategy of digital literacy and competencies in learning outcomes

Raising interest in reading and digital literacy skills is currently a big challenge for teachers amid the many information vortices at this time. Attention and awareness of reading are still very low among students. This study aims to make the right learning strategy to form a culture of literacy among college students. This research is descriptive research to find the right model for teaching students about digital literacy both conceptually and in skills. The data in this study is to reveal (1) student learning motivation, (2) the use of learning strategies, (3) digital literacy skills, (4) and the formation of a literacy culture. Data collection techniques in descriptive research are through direct observation, questionnaires, independent assignments, and performance. based on a collection of various data used to formulate appropriate learning strategy designs for students completing instructional technology courses .

Pelatihan Aplikasi GeoGebra pada Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus

Diverse and effective learning media will improve learning achievement. One of the alternatives is the GeoGebra application. The objectives of this community service activity include: Introducing GeoGebra applications to students; improve students' ability to solve straight-line equation problems. The implementation method for this training consisted of three stages followed by class VIII students at SMP Diponegoro Junrejo Batu. The first stage is pre-activity, carried out by observation and interviews with subject teachers and coordinating the service team with the school. The second stage is the implementation of the activity: the implementation of the activity begins with the distribution of questionnaires to students about the initial understanding of the GeoGebra application, then the presentation of the GeoGebra application material and demonstration of use in solving straight-line equation problems and direct practice assignments using the GeoGebra application. The practice of operating the GeoGebra application was carried out in two meetings. The third stage is monitoring and evaluation. Monitoring is carried out by looking at the results of students' work in solving the problems given. Evaluation is in the form of assessing the results of the participants' work in solving straight-line equation problems. This training activity showed that 73% of the participants, or 23 of the 31 participants, could operate the GeoGebra application to solve straight-line equation problems.

Empowering Student Learning Outcomes Through Problem-Based Learning in Social Science

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of the problem-based learning (PBL) approach on the learning outcomes of seventh-grade students in the subject of Social Science. The study employed a quasi-experimental design and targeted all seventh-grade students at SMPN 03 Batang Anai Padang Pariaman. Purposive sampling was utilized to select two classes, utilizing class VII.4 as the experimental group and class VII.5 as the control group, each containing 32 students. The PBL model was employed in the experimental group through instructional videos, while direct observation assignments were used in the control group. The findings demonstrated that the PBL model significantly enhanced the learning outcomes of students in the experimental group, thereby validating the effectiveness of this approach in enhancing the learning outcomes of students.

PENDAMPINGAN PENULISAN TANDA BACA DAN HURUF KAPITAL DALAM SURAT KELUAR PENGURUS FORLAB KOTA BAUBAU

One of the urgent problems in the United Lastarda Forum (FORLAB) organization in Tanganapada Village, Murhum District, Baubau City, is the low skills in writing official letters, especially the use of punctuation and capital letters in outgoing letters. For this reason, this Community Service (PkM) activity aims to provide knowledge to partners (FOLAB administrators) in writing outgoing letters by paying attention to the use of punctuation and capital letters. The method used is lectures and questions and answers or discussions as well as the practice of direct assignments to participants in writing official letters, especially outgoing letters using punctuation and capital letters. The Community Service Activities for the Management of the United Lastarda Forum (FORLAB) which were held in the Tanganapada Village Secretariat room ran in an orderly and smooth manner. This mentoring activity showed very satisfying results. This is indicated by the increasing knowledge and understanding of the management regarding the use of punctuation and capital letters in the preparation of outgoing letter manuscripts. Of course, the success of this technical guidance will have an impact on the quality of the performance of organizational management which will affect the stability of the organization's wheels. In general, the benefits of the results of this technical guidance will bring a good name or positive image to the leadership of the FORLAB Chair who is currently in office. Directly, the success of the Chair of FORLAB will add to the fragrance of the organization's achievements in the ranks of community organizations in Baubau City, even in the competition arena at the provincial level.

The Story Behind the Link between Molecular Chirality and Crystal Shape

AbstractHere we describe the story behind the link between molecular chirality and macroscopic phenomena, the latter being a probe for the direct assignment of absolute configuration of chiral molecules. First, a brief tour of the history of molecular stereochemistry, starting with the classic experiment reported byPasteurin 1848 on the separation of enantiomorphous crystals of a salt of tartaric acid, and his conclusion that the molecules of life are chiral of single‐handedness. With time, this study raised, inter alia, two fundamental questions: the absolute configuration of chiral molecules and how a molecule of given configuration shapes the enantiomorphous morphology of its crystal. As for the first question, following the beginning of crystal structure determination by X‐ray diffraction in 1912, it took almost 40 years beforeBijvoetassigned molecular chirality through the esoteric method involving anomalous X‐ray scattering. We have been able to address and link both questions through ‘everyday concepts of left and right’ (in the words ofJack Dunitz) by the use of ‘tailor‐made’ auxiliaries. By such means, it proved possible to reveal, through morphology, etch patterns, epitaxy and symmetry reduction of both chiral and, paradoxically, centrosymmetric crystals, the basic chiral symmetry of the molecules of life, the α‐amino acids and sugars.