Dipteryx Alata Vog Research Articles

Baru Nut Intake and Resistance Training Practice have Potential to Reduce the Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF). There is strong evidence about the benefits of oilseeds intake and the practice of resistance training (RT) in the prevention and treatment of T2DM and its associated CMRF. However, no study has evaluated the combination of these interventions yet. Baru nut, an oilseed native to the Brazilian Cerrado, stands out among oilseeds due to its healthy nutritional composition, which has the potential to reduce CMRF in T2DM. RT, in turn, provides positive changes in the composition and metabolism of muscle cells, which contributes to improving cardiometabolic health. Objective: This review aimed to summarize the effects and mechanisms related to the intake of baru nut and the practice of RT in reducing CMRF in T2DM. Methods: Literature research was performed using the keywords “type 2 diabetes mellitus”, “Dipteryx alata Vog”, “nuts”, “physical exercise” and “resistance training”, isolated or associated, in Web of Science and Pubmed databases. Results: Baru nut is oilseed with a high density of nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antihypercholesterolemic properties, and the RT is associated with beneficial effects on CMRF of individuals with T2DM. Thus, the consumption of baru nut and the RT have the potential to improve insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, body composition, and serum lipid profile. Conclusion: The baru nut consumption and the RT have the potential to reduce the cardiometabolic risk factors in T2DM. Both interventions are innovative and promising approaches to preserve the health of individuals with T2DM.

Influence of Climatic and Geographical Variations on the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Baru Mesocarp (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and the Crystallization of Sucrose by Secondary Nucleation

Influence of Climatic and Geographical Variations on the Nutritional and Antioxidant Properties of Baru Mesocarp (Dipteryx alata Vog.) and the Crystallization of Sucrose by Secondary Nucleation

Production of barueiro seedlings in different substrates

Barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is one of the species native to the Brazilian cerrado that has economic potential. Thus, for the implantation of commercial orchards of this fruit tree, it is important to produce quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of barueiro seedlings under different substrates containing organic residues in the municipality of Nova Xavantina-MT. The experimental design used was randomized blocks (RBD), with 7 treatments (soil (control); soil + bovine manure (2: 1); soil + coffee husk (3: 1); soil + humus (2: 1); soil + coffee husk + humus (3: 1: 1); soil + coffee husk + bovine manure (3: 1: 1); and soil + humus + bovine manure (3: 1: 1)) and 4 replicates, with ten plants per plot, totaling 280 seedlings. Treatments consisted of substrates formulated with different proportions of soil, bovine manure, coffee husk and earthworm humus. Substrate containing only soil (control) provided greater plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of leaflets, shoot and root fresh and dry mass and Dickson Quality Index. In general, residues tested did not favor the growth parameters evaluated, possibly because barueiro is a species native to the Cerrado, not very demanding in soil fertility. Under the conditions of this work, it is recommended the use of soil in the formulation of substrates to produce barueiro seedlings. The addition of organic matter to the soil had negative effect on seedling development.

Evaluation of Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant and Radical Scavenging Capacity of Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) Almond

Abstract Objectives The legume plant species Dipteryx alata Vog., commonly known as baru, is a tree that grows in the Brazilian savanna. It produces drupe type of fruit and has an edible seed referred to as the baru nut. The baru nut is of interest as it possesses bioactive compounds useful in managing chronic diseases, yet little is known about its composition. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as antioxidant and radical scavenging capacity of the baru nut. Methods Baru nuts were roasted, pulverized, and freeze-dried prior to polyphenolic extractions, which were performed using 80% ethanol and ultrasonic bath. Baru crude extracts were then purified with chloroform, evaporated, and freeze-dried prior to being assayed. Total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of purified baru polyphenolic extracts were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was measured using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) while 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays were used to determine radical scavenging capacity. Results Total phenolic content of purified baru nut extract was 58 ± 10 μmol gallic acid equivalent/L while total flavonoid content was 7 ± 0 μg quercetin equivalent/mL. The TEAC of purified baru nut extract was 161 ± 5 μmol trolox equivalent (TE)/L, which was higher than its FRAP, 55 ± 0.5 μmol TE/L. Radical scavenging capacity of baru nut extract was 17 ± 3 and 5 ± 7 μmol TE/L according to DPPH and ORAC, respectively. Conclusions Baru nut is rich in polyphenols and has high antioxidant activity. Further research is warranted to determine the antioxidant properties of baru nut in vitro and in vivo. Funding Sources No sources of funding.

Initial development of Dipteryx alata Vog consortium with cover plants

Cover plants, due to their high biomass production capacity, and plants provide the soil with several benefits such as nutrient cycling, greater water retention and storage capacity, reduced temperature, increased aggregation and microbiota, physical protection against compaction. The objective of this work was to verify the growth of the fruit species of the cerrado, Dipteryx alata Vogel, as a consortium strategy with green fertilizers, Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C.Greg./Callopogonium mucunoides Desv., Crotalaria juncea L, Dolichos lablab L., [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster] with nitrogen and [Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D.Webster] without nitrogen (control). The experiment covered the period from 2013 to 2017, in Rio Verde, Goiás, installed in a randomized block design, with five treatments (cover plants) and four replications. The evaluations included the macro and micronutrient contents in D. alata, biomass production by cover plants, soil moisture and biometric determinations of D. alata. The use of U. decumbens with nitrogen, D. lablab and C. juncea showed better performances in maintaining soil moisture, growth and early fruiting of D. alata, making it advantageous to use these types of consortium in its establishment under conditions of the Cerrado.

Carbon-nitrogen metabolism and oxidative stress in young plants of Dipteryx alata Vog. subjected to seasonal water regimes in the Cerrado

Climatic change forecasts suggest an increase in the frequency and severity of droughts that would affect the plant water relations and the characteristics of terrestrial ecosystems. We examined how juvenile plants of D. alata use physiological and metabolic changes to resist the drought effects in the natural environment. This study was conducted in a remnant area of Cerrado, and the effect of seasonality was assessed by the end of the dry season, at the beginning of the rainy season and during the rainy season. The decrease in rainfall resulted in changes in the plant water status, with a significant decrease in the leaf RWC, Ψs, and Fv/Fm ratio, with a concomitant increase in the VPD. The increase in the carbohydrate content resulted from starch degradation contributed to osmotic adjustment, whereas increases in proline, tryptophan, aspartate, and other derived amino acids also promoted the balance in the C/N metabolism and the maintenance of energy homeostasis during dry season. The efficiency of ROS cleaning by the antioxidant enzymes related to the AsA-GSH cycle minimized the negative impact of dehydration and prevented oxidative and nitrosative damage to the leaves of D. alata, improving its performance to cope with water deficit.

Elaboration of biscuits type cookies with pre-treated baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) pulp flour

The baru pulp (Dipteryx alata Vog.) despite its nutritional potential has still been underutilized. Its consumption is still compromised by its bitter taste from the presence of tannins. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical, chemical and nutritional characteristics of biscuits formulated with baru pulp flour with and without pre-treatment for bitterness extraction, in partial substitution of wheat flour. Three formulations of biscuits type cookie were prepared: control biscuits (BP) with 100% wheat flour, biscuit with 20% of the flour of the untreated baru pulp (BST) and biscuit with 20% flour of the baru pulp pre- treated with acetic acid and sonication (BCT). The pretreatment of the pulp prior to drying and flour production was effective in reducing the tannins present in the pulp of baru, verified by the greater acceptability of the biscuit formulated with addition of the flour of the pre-treated baru pulp. These results allow us to conclude that the addition of flour from the previously treated baru pulp provided biscuits with an acceptability index greater than 70% and adequate nutritional characteristics, which opens up perspectives for the technological use of baru pulp.

Shelf life of cookies made from baru ( Dipteryx alata Vog.) pulp under different storage conditions

Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) stands out for its potential use, mainly the pulp, which represents 65% of the fruit. However, the pulp is still considered a residue, and there are few studies in the literature with its use in the product development, as well as its stability and shelf life under different storage conditions for these new products. The objective of this work was to elaborate cookies using baru pulp and to evaluate their stability under different storage and packing conditions, in order to determine their shelf life. The samples were stored in non-toxic high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) packing, kept at room temperature (25°C), and accelerated condition (40°C). Stability was monitored by moisture, water activity, pH, acidity, instrumental color and texture, mold and yeast, total and thermoresistant coliforms analyses. They were carried out on the processing day (Day 0) and after 20, 40, 60, and 80 storage days. During the storage period, moisture and water activity increased due to product absorption, especially in the accelerated condition (40°C), thus compromising the cookies' texture by hardness loss. It was observed cookies darkening, by increase of color parameter L*. However, during the 80 days no microorganisms growth was observed, ensuring cookies harmlessness. The cookies remained stable during 80 days of storage; however, the LDPE packing was able to maintain better important characteristics in the cookies, such as texture, being considered as the best one. Practical applications The pulp of Dipteryx alata Vog, which represents a large part of the fruit, presents enormous potential for use; however, it is still considered a residue, not being used in new products or processes development. Therefore, its use in cookies increases technological application and reduces waste. Although a new product could be developed using the pulp, the study of material packing, storage conditions, and shelf life of this cookie is essential. Therefore, this study is really necessary, increasing the product added value.

Study of the nutritional, sensory and microbiological properties of food pastes made with baru almonds (Dipteryx alata vog.)

Baru almond is an oilseed native to the Cerrado biome and stands out because of its large nutrient content. The present study sought to perform a centesimal, mineral, microbiological and sensory characterization of food pastes made with different contents of baru almonds: P1 (35%); P2 (17.5%); and P3 (0%). Hazelnuts were used as the control to counterbalance the different percentages of almond. The highest concentrations of moisture, lipids, and calcium and the highest total energy value were observed with the food pastes consisting of 35% baru almond (P1). However, a decrease in ash, protein and carbohydrate contents occurred. Higher concentrations of potassium and zinc were found in the food pastes made with 0% baru almond (P3), indicating that hazelnuts contained a greater quantity of these minerals. As for the microbiological results, no coliforms were found for any of the pastes tested. Low levels of molds and yeasts were observed at the dilutions of 10-1 and 10-2 UFC/g and none at 10-3 UFC/g. For the taste sensorial attributes, global impression and intention to purchase, no significant differences were observed between the formulations. However, the food pastes consisting of 17.5% baru almond and 17.5% hazelnut (P2) received the highest scores for appearance and texture. It is concluded that the food pastes made with different contents of baru almond had satisfactory nutritional, sensory and microbiological characteristics for consumption.

Effects of baru almond oil (Dipteryx alata Vog.) supplementation on body composition, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe consumption of nuts and edible seeds is associated with the improvement of the metabolic profile and reduction of cardiovascular diseases. However, the effects of its subproducts, such as oil, are still poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the baru almond oil supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, body composition, lipid profile, and plasma fatty acids of hemodialysis patients. MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, 12-week placebo-controlled clinical study, hemodialysis patients were supplemented with 5 g of baru oil (BG, n = 17) or 5 g of mineral oil (placebo, BP, n = 12). Body composition, renal function, ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP), oxidative stress, plasma fatty acids, and lipid profile were analysed before and after the intervention. ResultsPatients were aged 50.5 ± 2.2 years and the average time of dialyses was 52,1 ± 42,6 months. The BG decreased us-CRP concentration compared to PG (-1.2 ± 0.2 vs. + 0.8 ± 0.2 mg / L,d = 0.88; p = 0.01). Baru almond oil supplementation was not effective in improving body composition, lipid profile, and oxidative stress. ConclusionBaru almond oil supplementation decreased us-CRP concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis treatment.

The chloroplast genome sequence of Dipteryx alata Vog. (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae): genomic features and comparative analysis with other legume genomes

Dipteryx alata Vog. (Fabaceae) is a species of tree native to the Brazilian Cerrado that has economic potential due to its use for food, forage, medicinal, recovery of degraded areas, landscaping and wood extraction. The objective of the present study was to sequence, assemble and annotate the chloroplast genome sequence (cp genome) of D. alata and perform comparative analysis with the cp genome of other species of Fabaceae. The chloroplast is 158,647 bp in length and exhibits a quadripartite structure, with a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: 24,948 bp) separated by the large single copy (LSC: 88,769 bp) and small single copy (SSC: 19,982 bp) regions. It contains 125 genes, of which 109 are unique, including 76 protein-coding genes (CDS), 29 transporter RNA genes (tRNA) and four ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA). Comparative analysis of the cp genome of D. alata with the genome of other Fabaceae indicated similarity to the gene content, but gene losses and rearrangements have been identified. Comparative analysis indicated that the genes located in the IR regions were the most conserved, with average values of nucleotide diversity (Pi) of 0.03 followed by SSC (Pi-0.08) and LSC (Pi-0.09). Some non-coding regions exhibited relatively high divergence of sequences. The chloroplast genome contains also 131 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) of which 121 are located in intergenic regions and ten in protein-coding regions. The most frequent SSR repetition was A/T and AT/TA. The complete cp genome sequence of D. alata reported in this paper represents a valuable addition to the scarce available genomic resources for this Brazilian Cerrado species. This work shows the first complete plastoma of a species belonging to the ADA clade, within the Papilionoideae subfamily, and contributes to improve studies of phylogeny and plastoma evolution of the Fabaceae family. In addition, it provides new genetic information on plastid sequences useful for designing conservation and breeding strategies. Chloroplast sequences will be useful in phylogenetic studies, population genetics, phylogeography and molecular systematics.

Biochemical and physiological changes in Dipteryx alata Vog. seeds during germination and accelerated aging

Dipteryx alata Vog. is a forest species native to the Brazilian Cerrado with great economic potential, but information on seed behavior during germination and accelerated aging is lacking. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of D. alata seeds during germination and to measure the possible damage caused by aging. The physiological performance of D. alata seeds was investigated via two experiments: (1) imbibition curve, where the seeds were stored in a Biochemical Oxygen Demand chamber (B.O.D) at 30 °C and 60% of relative humidity (RH), for eight days, and (2) accelerated aging, where the seeds were stored in a B.O.D at 42 °C and 60% of RH, for 96 h. In the experiment 1, α- and β-amylase activity and histochemical changes were determined in endosperms and embryos collected at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 96, 144 and 196 h after imbibition. In the experiment 2, respiratory activity, electrical conductivity, and catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activity, as well as protein content and vigor tests, were determined in embryos collected at 0, 48, 72 and 96 h after accelerated aging treatment. The results indicated that α- and β-amylase synthesis was activated after 48 h of imbibition, culminating in starch degradation. Concomitant with starch degradation, lipids and proteins were consumed throughout the germination process. Accelerated aging promoted an increase in respiration, electrical conductivity and peroxidase activity as well as a reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity. And, although the germination rate of D. alata seeds was not compromised by accelerated aging, a decrease in the germination speed index was observed over time. Thus, together, these biochemical and physiological changes can be used as markers of D. alata seed deterioration induced by high temperatures and humidity.

Identification of functional compounds in baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) nuts: Nutritional value, volatile and phenolic composition, antioxidant activity and antiproliferative effect

This work aimed to contribute to the nutritional and functional characterization of roasted baru nuts, a seed widely consumed and produced in Brazil. Baru nut was characterized in terms of its nutritional value and volatile composition (SPME-GC–MS analysis). The ultrasound assisted extraction was used to extract free and bound phenolic compounds that were identified by LC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS method. Bioactivity assays were carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity (ORAC and HOSC assay) and anticancer effect (inhibition of HT29 cell growth and targeting of cancer stemness) of baru nut extracts and phenolic compounds. Results showed that baru is a good source of protein and monounsaturated fatty acids, specifically oleic acid (47.20 g/100 g). The predominant volatile compounds are hexanal (71.18%) and 2,5-dimethyl-pyrazine (9.43%). The main phenolic compounds identified were gallic acid and its derivatives, such as gallic acid esters and gallotannins. Among all, gallic acid and methyl gallate seemed to be the main compounds responsible for the high antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative effect evaluated of baru extracts in HT29 cell line showed ability to impair cell growth in both monolayer and spheroid cultures and to reduce ALDH+ population. These results supply new information about the functional compounds presents in baru nut, which are important sources of natural antioxidants and antiproliferative compounds.

Sustainability of Biorefinery Processes Based on Baru Biomass Waste

The aims of the current study are to investigate the composition of biomass from baru processing and to explore the feasibility of valuing it through the development of bioproducts such as fermentable sugars, furanics and biochar. Baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) waste (endocarp and mesocarp) has great energetic potential to produce bioproducts due to its chemical composition. Proximate analyses applied to such waste have found low favorable moisture and ash content in it. Bioproduct characterizations after acid hydrolysis have shown that baru endocarp and mesocarp biomass can enable a range of value-added products in biorefinery concepts such as furfural and 5-hydroximetylfurfural (20.0 and 1.5% yield, respectively), and high sugar content (approximately 19.15 and 38.40%, respectively). Pyrolysis processes also present high biochar content (ca. 48%), with satisfactory characteristics to be used as fuel, as well as calorific value higher than 30 kJ g-1.

In vitro bioaccessibility of the Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in the baru almond and bocaiúva pulp and, macronutrients characterization

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of copper, iron, manganese and zinc in the baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) almond and the bocaiúva (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd) pulp and, macronutrients characterization. Centesimal composition, Aw, phytic acid, color, ascorbic acid, carotenoids and pH were determined. The total mineral concentration and in vitro bioaccessibility was quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The samples showed a composition with high nutritional value, where the baru almond was distinguished by the proteins, lipids and total dietary fibers; the bocaiúva pulp by the sugars, lipids, vitamin C and carotenoids. The total mineral concentrations in baru almond were 1.80; 8.65; 8.85 and 4.83 mg/100 g and in vitro bioaccessibility was 16.8; 21.4; 80.3 and 81.3% for Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. For the bocaiúva pulp, the total mineral concentrations were 0.5; 4.5; 0.2 and 1.7 mg/100 g and in vitro bioaccessibility was 13.6; 15.0; 20.1 and 57.6% for Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient verified that the phytic acid and ascorbic acid can influence the in the bioaccessibility. The results indicate the baru almond and the bocaiúva pulp as a natural source of nutrients and of minerals bioaccessible to the human organism.

Baru Almonds Increase the Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Obesity-induced inflammation is frequently associated with higher oxidative stress. In vitro and experimental studies have considered baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog) as a legume seed with high antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether baru almonds are capable of improving the inflammatory and antioxidant status in overweight and obese women. Methods: In a parallel-arm, randomized placebo-controlled trial, 46 overweight and obese women (age: 40 ± 11 years; body mass index: 33.3 ± 4.3) were randomly assigned to receive advice to follow a normocaloric and isoenergetic diet with placebo (PLA, n = 22) or similar advice plus 20 g baru almonds (BARU, n = 24) for 8 wk. Malondialdehyde (MDA), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, antioxidant enzymes activities (catalase—CAT; glutathione peroxidase—GPx; superoxide dismutase—SOD), and minerals were analyzed in plasma samples. Results: At baseline, groups were similar regarding the body composition, oxidative, and inflammatory parameters. The BARU group increased the activity of GPx (+0.08 U/mg, 95%CI + 0.05 to +0.12 vs. −0.07, 95%CI −0.12 to −0.03, p < 0.01) and plasma copper concentration (p = 0.037) when compared to the PLA group. No differences were observed between groups in CAT and SOD activity or MDA and cytokines concentrations. Conclusions: Baru almond supplementation increased the GPx activity in overweight and obese women.

Avaliação de amêndoas de baru in natura armazenadas em diferentes embalagens

The almond of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.) is an important source of nutrients and a culinary alternative for making healthy dishes and diets. Its use and archiving for conservation of the Cerrado biome, but a failure of studies and practices inherent to its life in case of exclusion can limit its use and lead to damages to knowledge. In this way, the present work had as objective to evaluate as physical and technical characteristics in the quality and conservation of uncooked baru almonds. It was evaluated the mass gain, firmness, total soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity of almonds in 5 types of condensation polyethylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride + expanded polystyrene (PVC + EPS), low density polyethylene (LDPE) , polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and control) stored in BOD at 10 ± 2 ° C. The PP packaging is composed of small values of mass gain and titratable acidity. The PP and PVC + EPS packages obtained values similar to and higher than the pH values without end of departure, and no significant change was observed for a firmness during storage. Based on the results, it can be concluded that in-kind clay almonds can be preserved by refrigeration for 42 days. Among the packages studied, the most favorable are PP and PVC + EPS.

Production of baroiro shapes (Dipteryx alata Vog.) submitted to phosphorus doses and cultivation environments

The present work had the objective of evaluating the production of baru ( Dipteryx alata Vog.) As a function of different doses of phosphorus and cultivation environments. To evaluate the effect of the treatments on the growth of the barueiro seedlings, the following characteristics were analyzed weekly: Plant height, stem diameter and height relation And the diameter of the stem. At the end of the experiment (90 days after sowing), fresh mass of shoot and root system, root length, dry mass of shoot and root system and the relation between shoot dry mass and Of the roots. The experimental design was a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five phosphorus doses 0; 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg. kg -1 of P and two cultivation environments (Full sun and 50% shading) Totaling 10 treatments, and each treatment consisted of 10 replicates. From the results obtained in the present work it can be concluded that the dose 2, corresponding to 50 mg. kg -1 of phosphorus provided a higher growth for the barueiro seedlings. Regarding the cultivation environments, there were significant differences only for height, diameter and H / D ratio. In this sense, it was verified that the stem diameter values of the seedlings were higher at full sun, while for the height and the H / D ratio the best results were obtained when they were cultivated in the 50% shading condition.

Impact of the Drying Process on the Quality and Physicochemical and Mineral Composition of Baru Almonds (Dipteryx Alata Vog.) Impact of the Drying Process on Baru Almonds

ABSTRACTThe present work aims to investigate the impact of different drying processes on baru almonds. It was found that the drying processes (65°C and 105°C for 30 min) did not change the physicochemical, mineral and quality composition of baru almonds (except moisture and acidity indexes that decreased and increased, respectively, the use of temperature of 105°C for 30 min). All treatments are sources of protein, fiber, lipids, boron, copper, manganese, iron, sulfur, calcium and magnesium. All treatments are below the maximum limits established by the inspection bodies for the presence of acidity and peroxides, indicating the quality of these products.

Phosphate and nitrogen fertilization in the production of Barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.) seedlings

Abstract Barueiro (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a fruit tree native to the Brazilian cerrado, has aroused the interest of producers and consumers due to its almond highly appraised and valued by local markets. To obtain quality barueiro seedlings, balanced fertilization is required, with special attention to the supply of phosphorus and nitrogen, essential for seedling growth and establishment in the field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth of barueiro seedlings produced with different phosphate and nitrogen concentrations in Nova Xavantina – MT. The experiment was conducted at the seedling nursery of the Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), Campus of Nova Xavantina - MT, from December 2017 to April 2018. The experimental design was randomized blocks (DBC), in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to 5 phosphorus concentrations and 2 nitrogen concentrations, with 10 treatments, 4 blocks and 10 plants per plot, totalizing 400 seedlings. The applied concentrations were 0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg kg-1 P2O5 and 0 and 250 mg kg-1 N. The following variables were evaluated: plant height, plant stem diameter, number of leaves, number of leaflets, fresh and shoot and root dry mass and Dickson’s Quality Index. Significant interaction between phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations for all traits evaluated was observed, except for root dry mass. The greatest growth of barueiro seedlings was obtained when the highest phosphorus concentration (600 mg kg-1de P2O5) was used, associated to nitrogen fertilization of 250 mg kg-1. There was no isolated effect of phosphate fertilization on the growth of barueiro seedlings without nitrogen application.