Abstract Background and Aims Studies investigating the association of chronic kidney disease and cancer have focused on estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) rather than on albuminuria. The few studies focusing on albuminuria provide results that vary considerably, probably due to a lack of consideration of eGFR, their limited sample sizes, and that different albuminuria measurement techniques were used. This study therefore aimed to investigate the eGFR independent risk of cancer incidence associated with albuminuria measured as ACR as well as by dipstick in a large Swedish population. Method We included subjects of the Stockholm Creatinine Measurements (SCREAM) project without a history of cancer, 250,768 subjects with at least 1 urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) test (primary cohort), and 433,850 subjects with at least 1 dipstick albuminuria test (secondary cohort). Albuminuria was quantified as KDIGO albuminuria stages. The primary outcome was overall cancer incidence. Secondary outcomes were site-specific cancer incidence rates. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) crude, and additionally adjusted for confounders including baseline eGFR. Results During a median follow-up of 4.3 (IQR, 2.0-8.2) years, 21,901 subjects of the ACR cohort developed de novo cancer. In multivariable analyses, adjusting among others for eGFR, subjects with an ACR of 30–299 mg/g or ≥300 mg/g had a 23% (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19-1.28) and 40% (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.31-1.50) higher risk of developing cancer, respectively, when compared to subjects with an ACR ≪30 mg/g. This graded, independent association was also observed for urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, lung, and hematological cancer incidence (all P≪0.05). No significant associations of albuminuria with the incidence of melanoma, breast, and prostate cancers were found. Results were similar in the dipstick albuminuria cohort, and were robust in several sensitivity analyses. Conclusion Albuminuria was associated with the risk of cancer independent of eGFR. This association was primarily driven by a higher risk of urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, lung, and hematological cancers.