Diplomatic Terms Research Articles

Translation and Diplomacy : The Role of Translators in International Relations

This study sheds lights on the role of translators in international relations . It aims to study the translation strategies used in translating the diplomatic texts , to identify the difficulties faced by translators in translating the texts in the diplomatic field . It hypothesizes that the translators have a limit knowledge of such terms used in diplomatic context . In the present study , four samples contained diplomatic terms were taken and rendered by translators adopted Vinay and Darblent strategies (1995) of direct translation and oblique translation to know how the meaning is conveyed from the source text into the target text.

Semantic Classification of Uzbek Diplomatic Terms

Semantic Classification of Uzbek Diplomatic Terms

The Penetration of French Terms into the English-Speaking Diplomatic Discourse

Key words: interrelation, penetration, diplomatic terms and phrases, borrowings, interaction, French influence, international relations, vocabulary, political discourse, negotiations, loan words In the history of the English language, French has long been considered to be the ideal “donor” language. Since the Norman Conquest, French has brought new words to the English vocabulary. Many studies of the language and its evolution have focused their linguistic attention on the French effect on the lexicon of English. Vocabulary has always been the most dynamic aspect of a language. France was a major military, economic, and cultural power for hundreds of years, and as a result, French became the universal language of politics. Diplomatic correspondence between various nations was conducted in French. The French language is still well-represented in the terminology of diplomacy. At one time the famous British diplomat Harold Nicholson called French the language of “geometric precision”. French, with its accuracy, lexical composition and syntax, have contributed, like other languages, to the improvement of diplomatic negotiations conducted in English. And what does diplomacy mean if not the art of negotiation, in which language plays a key role. English, having proven itself in the field of science, in the field of diplomacy, shows the huge impact of French especially through its vocabulary. The French language, thanks to its precision and clarity, clearly indicates the great influence on English. French influence on English has proven many times its legal precision that suits international negotiations. After so many years of dominating international relations French has had directly a great impact on the English diplomatic practice.

Linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system

The article is devoted to the linguistic and cultural specifics of the formation of the diplomatic terminology system. The purpose of the article is to identify similarities and differences in the formation of diplomatic terms in different languages. After developed states engage diplomatically with other countries, diplomatic terms are formed in their languages. This is one of the most important approaches to expanding the terminological field in the language of the country. International terms are adopted with diplomatic terms. It is essential to study carefully the terminology process and the specific implementation of diplomatic terms which were adopted from foreign languages. Care must be taken to avoid alternative meanings of words in the national language in use. The comparative method, the content-text method and methods of terminological analysis were used in our research. The article identified common diplomatic terms in the field of lexical language borrowings and in the original language. The most used equivalents of foreign terms, mainly from the English, are outlined. The vocabulary building of diplomatic terms was also noted. The study of the semantics of similar diplomatic terms in terminology systems of different languages seems promising.

The Etymology of Abbreviations in English and Tajik Diplomatic Terms

The article is devoted to one of the important problems of the linguistics the problem of term and terminology. During the research from the etymology of abbreviations point of view we discovered that the majority of etymology of abbreviations in English and Tajik diplomatic terms has their specific lexical features of lexical units of abbreviations and identification of the main ways and features of their translation.

메타버스 공간에서의 남북 교류 가능성에 대한 고찰

Today, the concept of ‘Metaverse’ is emerging as a ‘virtual coexistence world’. The metaverse is receiving social attention as an alternative space to the real world and is being widely applied in everyday life. However, unlike in the economic and social fields, policies that utilize the potential of the digital virtual world realized by Metaverse in diplomatic terms are still limited. As an alternative to overcome the limitations of traditional diplomatic methods, we need to review the metaverse so that it can be used more actively. In other words, it is necessary to discuss the potential and scope of use of metaverse-based diplomacy as an approach that overcomes the limitations of limited reality and discovers new areas of possibility, not simply as an auxiliary means of traditional diplomacy. In particular, it is good to actively seek the possibility of application in issues with high geopolitical uncertainty and wide-ranging international sanctions, such as the issue of inter-Korean cooperation. The metaverse world provides a clue to overcome some of these realistic limitations. This is because, in the metaverse space, where non-face-to-face and two-way communication is possible, the burden of complex pre-requisites for direct exchange can be reduced, and topics for culture, knowledge, and friendship can be made widely through various actors not only in the government but also in the private sector. Exploring the inter-Korean non-face-to-face exchange space can be said to be a practical task for realizing metaverse diplomacy from our point of view.

Structure of Diplomatic Terms of Uzbek Language

The article analyzes the structure of diplomatic terms in the Uzbek language. The article highlights the topics of classification of diplomatic terms depending on their structure, and also describes the features of the semantics of some terms. The materials of this article can be used by linguists, people involved in the field of diplomacy and researchers.

O'zbek tili diplomatik terminlari tizimida semantik munosabatlar

This article discusses the semantic relations between groups and lexemes in the system of diplomatic terms of the Uzbek language in order to further complement and improve the results achieved in Uzbek linguis-tics. The system of diplomatic terms of the Uzbek language is also a system with its own structure and different linguistic lexemes. Determining the lexical-semantic relationship of lexemes and groups of lexemes belonging to this system helps to reveal the systemic features of the lexicon of the Uzbek language. This article describes the paradigmatic series of lexical units that reflect the existing diplomatic concepts in human mind, the con-tent of meaning, their speech events and applications, semantic relations in antonymic, partonymic, synonymic, graduonymic terms.

A CONTRIBUTION TO COGNITIVE ANALYSIS OF TURKISH DIPLOMATIC TERMS

In our modern world, the field of knowledge that studies language and thinking as an interconnected and integral unit is expanding. It has to do with a branch of linguistics called cognitive linguistics. This field of linguistics, which began to appear in the 70s of the last century, is becoming one of the most important fields today. This is because of the importance of artificial intelligence. In cognitive linguistics, the focus is on the relationship between language and thought. In this article, we have tried to shed some light on the features of Turkish diplomatic terms in this regard. In the scientific work, we have tried to give examples of the idea of how diplomatic terms appear in Turkish, what other meanings they have along with their original meaning. We have tried to categorize how these side meanings can occur. This study, which also explores the role and importance of cognitivism in the field of terminology, also helps to use and understand diplomatic terms correctly in diplomatic language. The significance of diplomatic terms is that if they are not understood or used correctly, they can lead to misunderstandings and even war between two international states. We also put forward our views on how a cognitive approach can be applied to the analysis of terms, with the ultimate goal of making a small contribution to the information that has been formed in this way. To do this, we have used the term peace in the article and used various examples in our statements.

The Nystadt Peace and its Role in the Formation of Russian Statehood from 1721 to 1917

The article is devoted to studying the role and significance of the Nystadt Peace as a historical document reflecting the strengthening and importance of Russia in the world arena. The article studies the document's text using modern methods of political science research: content analysis, cognitive mapping, phonosemantic analysis. It shows that the Treaty of Nystad reflects the features of the formation of the internal political system of Russia, witnessed in the use of anthroponyms. It also reflects the features of the historical development of Russia: its gradual transformation into an empire, the absence of a banking system, merchants as an estate, a merchant fleet. The analysis of the document allows us to conclude that the agreement regulates interactions not only between Russia and Sweden but contains references to other European countries. It speaks of Russia's strengthening role in the international arena, not so much in the military but also in diplomatic terms. It is reflected in the ways the agreement is verbalized.The results of the phonosemantic analysis show a positive perception of the toponymy of geographic entities annexed to Russia under the terms of the Nystadt Peace. At the same time, the perception of Sweden and everything Swedish is characterized by negativism. Nystadt peace was vital for the development of Russia, its transformation into an empire, into an influential military force, for the modernization of the domestic governance system, the creation of new social institutions and practices, and the strengthening of domestic diplomacy.

The political economy of Australia–China relations

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

Learning to live in China’s shadow

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

The China factor in Australia’s defence strategy and alliance posture

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

China policy begins at home

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

Australia’s Indo-Pacific statecraft and Southeast Asia

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

The end of the affair

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

Competing with China in the Southwest Pacific

A major shift in the paradigm undergirding relations between Australia and China has become clear in the early 2020s, with geopolitical concerns trumping economic considerations. Canberra has implemented a range of new policies in response to the risks it perceives in Australia’s economic relations with China, the Chinese Communist Party’s efforts to exert political influence in Australia, the expanding capabilities and presence of the People’s Liberation Army, and Beijing’s economic and diplomatic gains in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific. China’s policies towards Australia have become more coercive in economic as well as diplomatic terms. However, Australia has withstood Beijing’s punitive trade measures without suffering significant economic damage. China’s more assertive regional posture has prompted far-reaching changes to Australia’s defence- and alliance-policy settings, including new capability acquisitions and strategic initiatives such as AUKUS. In this Adelphi book, Euan Graham argues that Australia has provided an imperfect but nevertheless useful exemplar of how governments may respond effectively to multifarious security challenges from China. In particular, the Australian case shows how measures to address domestic vulnerabilities may serve as the foundation for a successful China policy at the international level.

СОВЕТСКАЯ ДИПЛОМАТИЯ В ИС-ПАНИИ: ОТ ПРОВОЗГЛАШЕНИЯ ВТОРОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ ДО НАРОДНОГО ФРОНТА

Based on the analysis of published and archival materials of the WUAs of the Russian Federation (7 funds) and Western European foreign poli-cy documents, the article traces the activities of Soviet diplomacy in Spain during the Civil War of 1936-1939. The tactics of the Soviet en-voy, Consul General in Barcelona, temporary attorneys, their interac-tion with Spanish politicians, military, contradictions between Soviet representatives in Madrid and Barcelona are analyzed. The activity of professional diplomats Rosenberg M., Gaikis L., Antonov-Ovseenko V. in Spain was not always correct and tolerant in political and diplo-matic terms.

"CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF DIPLOMATIC TERMS"

"The article provides a brief description of word formation and its features in the diplomatic language. The terminology is the main layer of the scientific vocabulary, it develops and matures in accordance with the level of development of science and technology. The changes in the development of society significantly affect their transformation and replenishment. The sphere of diplomacy directly depends on social factors in society, it has a sectoral nature. In this article we also described the social aspects and concepts of the language. The diplomatic terminology is a system of linguistic units that form a series of semantic groups and define the relationship between scientific concepts and extra linguistic situations. The article widely explores the main lexical and grammatical features of diplomatic terms. There are many international words in the language of diplomatic correspondence, and their features and structure have been discussed here. The article was prepared on the basis of written sources and literature. "

Types of diplomatic terms in the Uzbek language according to their semantic relations

No matter how important the form and appearance of diplomatic documents, attention should be paid to the main part, its content. The idea must be clear, concise, logically sound, and concise. Diplomatic documents are very comprehensive, they cover not only issues related to the declaration of independence of countries and the establishment of diplomatic relations with other countries, but also political issues such as peace, neutrality, disarmament, etc. and various issues related to cultural cooperation. The author comments on the semantic relationship between diplomatic terms in the article. In addition, the article discusses the lexical-semantic features, relationships and synonyms and antonyms between diplomatic terms.