Diplomatic Crisis Research Articles

U.S-Turkey Crisis and Its Impact on the Economy of the Black Sea Region

The process of political, economic and socio-cultural integration is underway of rapid pace in terms of globalization. Consequently, changes in one state will be reflected in other countries or region as a result of increased interdependence. The U.S. and Turkey have a historically strong relationship. They have a shared interest in economic collaboration, stability and security. The long history partnership has been tested in 2018 by a series of disagreements. Turkey and the U.S face their greatest diplomatic crisis. The lira lost almost a quarter of its value against the dollar. It should be noted Turkey’s increasing more independent regional role and influence. There are also signs that the crisis has the wider impact. However, the aim of this paper is to present the correlation between the U.S-Turkey crisis and the economy of the Black Sea Region countries. The paper consists of several thematic parts and a part dedicated to conclusions and recommendations. First one is introduction, second one is theoretical and provides to analyse specific issues related to US-Turkey relations: from alliance to crisis. The third part discusses the research methodology used during the research for this study. The article includes short and long term recommendations which are possible solutions for it.

Future of GCC in the Aftermath of Qatar Blockade

The de-facto effectiveness of GCC has been reinvigorated after the Qatar diplomatic crisis for both Middle East in and the Gulf countries. The question however remains quite pertinent about the future of this organization for cooperation of the signatory actors in economic, security and socio-cultural domains particularly after the Washington's unsatisfactory retort to the KSA in response to alleged Iran's drone attack on Saudi oil installments on the UAE coast. In order to deconstruct the upcoming possible sustainability or instability of the GCC, the context in which the GCC was formed in the first place in 1981 is one of the most important prerequisites to understand. What led to the formation of GCC has extensively been written about, but what stands next in the future for the organization is the motivational factor of this study. Therefore, this paper attempts to draw the implications for the GCC in future and to analyze how Qatar Blockade by troika of KSA, UAE and Bahrain have affected the geopolitical balance of the region.

A Contested Hegemon? Germany’s Leadership in EU Relations with Russia

This article investigates Germany’s role in the European Union’s (EU) foreign policy towards Russia. It argues that Germany has been a leader in EU relations with Russia since the late 2000s, most notably through attempts to upload its long-standing policy of dialogue and cooperation with Moscow – known as Ostpolitik – to the EU level. During the Ukraine crisis, German leadership in this field became hegemonic. Economic and institutional power, the consent of its European and transatlantic allies and supportive domestic politics allowed Germany to profile itself as the main EU negotiating partner for Moscow. By highlighting the long-term German quest for leadership in the EU’s relations with Russia, the article makes the argument that Germany is not a ‘reluctant’, but rather an assertive hegemon in this policy area. Furthermore, the article highlights how the Ostpolitik tradition and its self-conception as a civilian power enabled Germany to lead Western diplomacy in the Ukraine crisis. At the same time, Germany’s hegemonic leadership in EU-Russia relations faces several challenges and limitations, which relate to the nature of Germany’s power, the consent of its allies and evolving domestic politics.

SPECIAL REPORT: The Qatar-Gulf crisis: The attack on media freedom and the West’s loss of moral authority

Four Gulf states led by Saudi Arabia in mid-2017 launched a brazen attack on media freedom by demanding that Qatar shut down the Al Jazeera television network, as part of a list of demands prompted by a diplomatic crisis. The standoff has not ended although the immediate threat to Al Jazeera appears to have abated. The world's media responded to the threat to Al Jazeera by convening in Doha for a conference in July 2017 and by issuing a statement containing recommendations for the protection of freedom of expression.

‘Creating insurrections in the heart of our country:’ fear of the British West India Regiments in the Southern US Press, 1839–1860

ABSTRACTIn the decades leading to the Civil War, the United States and Great Britain faced a number of diplomatic crises, during which southern politicians often became alarmed at the prospect of British soldiers invading the southern coastline. The perceived threat was part of a wider southern paranoia over Britain’s role in what was seen as a conspiracy to demolish the southern American system of slavery for Britain’s ultimate economic gain. The alarm over an imagined British invasion was exacerbated by the fact that the anticipated invaders were free black men, the West India Regiments, stationed in the British West Indies. The tone of this paranoia was shaped by the memory of black participation in the War of 1812 and the fear that slaves would flee to British lines in any future conflict. An analysis of the discourse about these men in the southern press tells us much about the fears of southern slaveholders with regard to the trustworthiness of their own slaves and the ever-present threat of slave rebellion. Ultimately, the fears expressed about a disciplined black army led by an abolitionist imperial power reveal the true nature of southern anxiety over the stability of the South’s own form of white supremacy.

Modelo, identidad y la Academia de Francia en Roma: Nicolas Vleughels y su relación con los artistas portugueses y españoles.

Nicolas Vleughels fue un pintor francés más conocido por su importante papel como director de la Académie de France en Roma (1725- 1737). Su estilo personal dirigiendo la institución y su forma de apoyar a los pensionados tuvo un enorme impacto en la producción de esos jóvenes artistas. Sin embargo, su influencia se suele estudiar dentro del marco del arte francés o romano, y no en una perspectiva más amplia, más en consonancia con el estatus internacional de la institución que representaba. A través del análisis de la correspondencia entre Vleughels y el sobreintendente de edificios públicas en París, este articulo aborda la relación de este carismático personaje con las dos coronas ibéricas. Por un lado, este trabajo estudia la efímera y casi desconocida vida de la academia de Portugal en Roma, cuya conexión con la academia gala es un asunto de rivalidad y posicionamiento más que una relación típicamente institucional. Por otro lado, este artículo también trata la turbulenta relación entre Vleughels y los pensionados españoles, que prácticamente condujo a una crisis diplomática; aún cuando supuestamente los españoles gozaban de un tratamiento especial, fruto de la alianza política entre las dos coronas.

Russia-United Kingdom Diplomatic Crisis over Salisbury Nerve Agent Attack: An Analysis

Russia-United Kingdom Diplomatic ties have been banter of ally-crises-ally relations and have not fared well since its first diplomatic contact in 1553 during the era of Tsardom of Russia, and currently at its most tensed point occasioned by the alleged poison attack on Sergei Skripal in Salisbury. While it remains unclear which exactly of the Novichok variants were used to poison Skripal and his daughter? The medical effect of the poison is well understood and Britain with their allies points at Russia as the culprit. This single act has turn sour the diplomatic relations of these great powers. However, it raised multiplicity of arguments among scholars and analysts, who try to highlight and analyse views on who seeks to gain from the cold war between the power megalomaniacs. It is on this ground that the paper looks at the diplomatic crisis between Russia and United Kingdom over the attempted poisoning of Skripal and his daughter. The paper employed a combination of Psycho-Cultural Theory of Conflict and Conspiracy theory as it framework, using a qualitative analysis which relies on secondary data as its source of information to explore the problematic. It further examined if there were any similarities between the Salisbury attack and other attacks carried out in United Kingdom. The paper concludes with the implications of the attack, notes that despite Russia-United Kingdom crisis prone diplomatic relation over Salisbury nerve agent attack, they have an obligation to cooperate in the United Nation should an international conflict arise, as they encompass two of the five permanent members in the UN Security Council giving them the power to veto the approval of UN Security Council resolutions should any quick decision be required. Hence, the pronged disagreement is an interruption to the adoption of quick resolutions, particularly with the emergent danger of conflict and crises on the Korean headland and the on-going civil turbulence in Syria. The paper recommends among others; for Putin to take the opportunity of a new term to start afresh and rebuild ties with the United Kingdom, following the full dictates of diplomatic principles.

Stosunki mołdawsko-rosyjskie w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku

The purpose of this article is to characterize the relations between Moldova and Russia in the second decade of the 21st century. The author describes influence of presidential elections in Moldova (2016) on Moldovan – Russian relations. The new president, Igor Dodon, wants to return to a strategic partnership with Russia. Presidential activity has improved the relations of Chisinau–Moscow in many areas. The paper also presents problematic issues: Transnistrian case and Moldovan-Ukrainian border. The current diplomatic crisis and the position of the Moldovan government towards Russia are also very important. The author analyzed and interpreted: documents of the Republic of Moldova, official statements by the authorities of Moldova and Russia, interwievs.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ АНТИКРИЗИСНОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ ЕС В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОБЫТИЙ В КАТАЛОНИИ

ПРОБЛЕМЫ АНТИКРИЗИСНОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ ЕС В КОНТЕКСТЕ СОБЫТИЙ В КАТАЛОНИИ

Legality of the Gulf Ban on Qatari Flights: State Sovereignty at Crossroads

This Note explores, within an analytical framework, the ban on Qatari flights (as part of the 2017 Qatar Diplomatic Crisis) by Saudi Arabia and a few other Middle Eastern States. Grappling with the ban, which is based on the sovereignty of States in their airspace and columns above it, informs that international air law has a fixation for a certain classicism that makes resolution of legal issues difficult in the face of contemporary realities. This Note problematizes that difficulty, revealing that the ban is motivated by classicism; which is then juxtaposed with the resistance of Qatar to the ban as a modernist resistance. In the binary of classicism and modernism, claims of Saudi Arabia and Qatar simply vacillate, leaving the issues unresolved. The Note ends with the observation that so long as claims vacillate, formal means of dispute resolution, particularly the one under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), are less likely to succeed, for ICAO has the classicism approach structurally inbuilt in that renders ICAO less receptive to Qatar’s modernist claims. However, alternative means of dispute settlements under the aegis of ICAO have the scope to deal with the problem of binaries without falling prey to the determinism of classicism and modernism.

OSMANLI-İRAN HUDUT BOYLARINDA AŞİRET, DEVLET VE SİYASET: CAF KÜRT AŞİRETİ VE REİSLERİ ASİ MAHMUT PAŞA MESELESİ

Kurdish tribes in the Ottoman-Iranian border both it affected and influenced by interstate relations because of the strategic territories they lived on. These lands make the Kurds important in the history. One of the boundaries of the region, which has a strategic prescription between the two states, was Suleymaniye Sandjak, where Caf Kurdish tribe resided. Iran, who wanted to take Suleymaniye's lands under control, tried to carry out the same politics on the Baban Emirate on the Caf Tribe since the second half of the 19th century. The Iranian government, in particular, has appointed Sine ruler and Iranian officials for this work. Iranian's local administrators have tried to attract Caf's chiefs with various promises and rewards. Iran's such an approach to a tribe that was an under the domination of Ottoman led to diplomatic crisis between the two states. Caf tribe knew very well to take advantage of it in accordance with its own interests of their land and power struggle continuing for many years between in the two states. Caf leaders were not to hesitate to taken shelter in other state lands when they fall into disagreement with their central and local governments. One of these leaders was Mahmut Pasha, who was appointed as the District Governor to Gulanber's district with the title of Pasha after his father

MEDIA COVERAGE OF THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS IN BRITAIN & FRANCE (2013–2017)

The Ukrainian Revolution followed by Russian aggression was in part analyzed in the French and British press with some scepticism, although the great majority of newspapers and the governments of these two countries firmly condemned the annexation of Crimea by Russia as well as Russian military support for the Donbas rebels. However, some of the French and British media were swayed by rumours spread by Russian propaganda. Many journalists have misled the public in their oversimplification of the conflict by implying a false political division between Ukrainians and the Russophone population, deplorably confusing the Russian-speaking Ukrainian populace with Ukrainians of Russian origin.The Western media’s view on the Ukrainian Crisis has already been studied. So in order to bring something new, we decided to use as a central theme the vision of the prestigious British magazine, The Economist, which summarizes quite accurately the western, liberal view on the Ukrainian conflict. We also looked at different British and French newspapers and online media from 2013 to 2017. We have divided this research into eleven events, starting from the Trade War in 2013, The February Revolution, Crimea’s annexation, Odessa’s fire, Petro Poroshenko’s election, the destruction of the Malaysian airliner, the new Rada assembly, the self-proclaimed Republics in Donbas, the Eurovision diplomatic crisis between Ukraine and Russia, the decommunisation laws and finally the ban on Russian social networks in Ukraine.

Reassessing Nation-Branding: Danish Public Diplomacy towards Muslim-Majority Countries after the 2005 Cartoon Crisis

This article reassesses Danish efforts of nation-branding towards Muslim-majority countries after the 2005 Prophet Cartoon Crisis. It disputes Rasmussen &Merkelsen’s (2012) findings regarding the shifting Danish policy to a more brand-conscious policy. This article differentiates reactive crisis diplomacy and a brand-informed policy and finds that Danish policy towards Muslim-majority countries was closer to the principle of reactive crisis diplomacy, rather than a conscious nation-branding. Result from this research could be used as the basis for future research on the idea that nation branding could complement the use of classic diplomacy. As the Danish case has shown, the lack of coordination between governmental and non-governmental actors and the lack of conscious effort on nation branding could negate the possibility of creating a good brand image.

Современная российская политика на Ближнем Востоке: стратегические цели и тактические действия

The article analyzes the features of the situation in the Middle East in the modern world. Special emphasis is placed on consideration of the peculiarities of the perception of the region by representatives of the great powers in historical retrospect. To put these peculiarities objectively, the author uses comparative and historical-descriptive methods. The article also reveals specific causes and consequences of the strategic interest of the great powers towards the Middle East. Later the author explains the possibilities of a new approach to the region on the part of modern Russia and presents the analysis of archival materials shedding light on the actions of the great powers in relation to the Middle East in retrospect and in the near future. This allows to consider a new Concept of Russia’s foreign policy and the possibility of its implementation in the Greater Middle East in the foreseeable future. The article describes new technologies of political actions of the Russian Federation in the Middle East region, taking into account the factor of peacemaking and the creation of normal living conditions for the countries and peoples of the Greater Middle East. The specific peacekeeping efforts of the Russian Federation are compared with the policies of other great powers in the region. This allow to forge the assessment of the broad interpretation of the Greater Middle East in contemporary world politics. Furthermore, an attempt is made to clearly define strategic goals and characterize the patterns of tactical actions of the Russian government within the entire Middle East territory. This preconditions the need to expand the Russian presence not only in the Greater Middle East as well as in other turbulent zones. The article underlines the importance of consistency in the actions of effective crisis diplomacy and multilateral cooperation of the Russian Federation in the region and throughout the world.

EGYPT – QATAR: Diplomatic Crisis

Africa Research Bulletin: Political, Social and Cultural SeriesVolume 54, Issue 6 p. 21485A-21487C Nations Overseas EGYPT – QATAR: Diplomatic Crisis First published: 18 July 2017 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-825X.2017.07747.xRead the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume54, Issue6July 2017Pages 21485A-21487C RelatedInformation

Fortitude at stake: the accidental crisis in American–Israeli relations, August 1958

In the summer of 1958, the Middle East was engulfed in crisis, and the Eisenhower administration was rethinking its regional policy. Israel saw a chance to demonstrate its value as a reliable strategic partner by supporting the Western military operation to secure Jordan. Prime Minister Ben-Gurion authorized overflights and tabled proposals for a strategic partnership. Though Washington proved responsive, Ben-Gurion abruptly terminated the overflights, and a severe diplomatic crisis ensued. It was neither sought nor welcomed by the parties, and left all baffled and dismayed. Ben-Gurion’s behaviour confounded contemporaries and historians: was he intimidated by Soviet threats? Did he yield to coalition pressures? Was he engaging in brinkmanship? New evidence shows that the root cause of the crisis was accidental, and ultimately it served only to cast doubt over Israel’s fortitude.

European Security Policy at the End of the Post‐Cold War Era

From today's viewpoint, 2016 may well represent the end of the post‐Cold War era and the general assumptions that are associated with it. These include the beliefs that the United States remains a European power, guaranteeing the territorial integrity of its European NATO allies, that liberal democracy represents the political system widely seen as the only legitimate normative reference point, and that the future of the European Union will be defined by continued integration into an ‘ever closer Union’. These assumptions have been shaken to the core.

"Brexit": A Constitutional, Diplomatic and Democratic Crisis. A View from the Trenches

A discussion of the recent referendum in the United Kingdom (UK) on membership of the European Union (EU) and, in particular, to consider the immediate aftermath and longer-term implications of the decision to leave.
 

Dilemmas of hydropower development in Laos

ABSTRACTLaos has launched ambitious plans on poverty reduction greatly by developing hydropower in the mainstream of the Mekong River. However, upstream dam construction may result in salt water intrusion followed by ecology deterioration of downstream countries in a transboundary river context. These potential impacts could worsen economy and social growth, ecology security, and residents’ lives to downstream states. Furthermore, diplomatic crisis may be triggered if all stakeholders do not handle the conflicts properly. In this study, dilemmas of hydropower development in Laos are analyzed from policy perspective. Various factors constraining hydropower exploration are identified. Results indicate that the Lao government is confronted with numerous stressors from the mechanism of the Mekong River Commission and other organizations in hydropower development. Laos should adopt multiple approaches to shake off the current dilemmas rather than pursue a unilateral policy on dam construction in the Mekong River.

Politics vs. trade: a Realist view on Turkish‒Israeli economic relations

This article investigates the relationship between trade and politics, particularly the effect of improved or deteriorated political ties upon economic relations with particular reference to the bilateral trade and diplomatic relations between Turkey and Israel. The study attempts to identify under what conditions bilateral trade is affected by any significant change in political relations. It finds that economic relations were relatively bolstered at times of enhanced political relations whereas visible deterioration or decline was observed in the volume and state of trade relations at some critical points when diplomatic relations worsened. However, this does not refer to a constant and steady decline and is limited to some severe diplomatic crises experienced in bilateral relations. Some major premises of Realist and Liberal theories are employed to analyse the findings in this study. These findings are at least partially against the main arguments in the literature of the Liberal approach that trade determines politics. However, the course of trade relations between Israel and Turkey appears to be consistent with the tenets of the Realist theory which pays greater attention to security than it does to trade relations and argues that trade may not be relevant to improved bilateral political relations.