Diphenyl Sulfoxide Research Articles

Influence of p-π conjugation in π-π stacking molecules on passivating defects for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

A comprehensive understanding of the relevance between molecular structure and passivation ability to screen efficient modifiers is essential for enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, three similar π-π stacking molecules namely benzophenone (BPN), diphenyl sulfone (DPS), and diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) are used as back-interface modifiers in carbon-based CsPbBr3 PSCs. After investigation, the results demonstrate the positive effect of the p-π conjugation characteristic in π-π stacking molecules on maximizing their passivation ability. The p-π conjugation of DPSO enables a higher coordinative activity of oxygen atom in its SO group than that in OSO group of DPS and CO group of BPN, which gives a superior passivation effect of DPSO on defects of perovskite films. The modification of DPSO also significantly improves the p-type behavior of perovskite films and the back-interfacial energetics matching, inducing an increase of hole extraction and a decrease of energy loss. Finally, the unencapsulated carbon-based CsPbBr3 PSCs with DPSO achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 10.60% and outstanding long-term stability in high-temperature, high-humidity (85 °C, 85% relative humidity) air environment. This work provides insights into the influence of the structure of π-π stacking molecules on their ability to improve the perovskite films quality and therefore the PSCs performance.

Chiral perovskite-CdSe/ZnS QDs composites with high circularly polarized luminescence performance achieved through additive-solvent engineering.

Chiral perovskite materials are being extensively studied as one of the most promising candidates for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-related applications. Balancing chirality and photoluminescence (PL) properties is of great importance for enhancing the value of the dissymmetry factor (glum), and a higher glum value indicates better CPL. Chiral perovskite/quantum dot (QD) composites emerge as an effective strategy for overcoming the dilemma that achieving strong chirality and PL in chiral perovskite while at the same time achieving high glum in this composite is very crucial. Here, we choose diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) as an additive in the precursor solution of chiral perovskite to regulate the lattice distortion. How structural variation affects the chiral optoelectronic properties of the chiral perovskite has been further investigated. We find that chiral perovskite/CdSe-ZnS QD composites with strong CPL have been achieved, and the calculated maximum |glum| of the composites increased over one order of magnitude after solvent-additive modulation (1.55 × 10-3 for R-DMF/QDs, 1.58 × 10-2 for R-NMP-DPSO/QDs, -2.63 × 10-3 for S-DMF/QDs, and -2.65 × 10-2 for S-NMP-DPSO/QDs), even at room temperature. Our findings suggest that solvent-additive modulation can effectively regulate the lattice distortion of chiral perovskite, enhancing the value of glum for chiral perovskite/CdSe-ZnS QD composites.

Silica-titania mesoporous silicas of MCM-41 type as effective catalysts and photocatalysts for selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide by H2O2

Abstract Spherical Ti-MCM-41, synthetized by co-condensation method, presented very promising activity in catalytic and photocatalytic oxidation of diphenyl sulfide with H2O2 to obtain diphenyl sulfoxide and diphenyl sulfone. Mesoporous silica materials with various titanium content were analyzed with respect to chemical composition (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry), structure properties (X-ray diffraction), textural properties (low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption), morphology (scanning electron microscopy), forms and aggregation introduced titanium species (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy), and surface acidity (NH3-TPD). Titanium introduced in the samples was present mainly in the form of highly dispersed species, presenting catalytic and photocatalytic activities in diphenyl sulfide oxidation with H2O2. Efficiency of the reaction increased with an increase in titanium loading in the samples and was significantly intensified under UV irradiation. The role of various Ti species in diphenyl sulfide oxidation was presented and discussed.

Sisal-derived acid-char molybdenum catalyst for reductive deoxygenation of sulfoxides

The deoxygenation of sulfoxides is a rather important reaction from both synthetic and biological points of view, due to the potential of sulfides as intermediates in a variety of processes. Homogenous Mo-based catalysts successfully perform the reduction of diphenyl sulfoxide to diphenyl sulfide with high yields but present the well-known limitations regarding recovery and recycling. Thus, in the present work, two new supported catalysts were prepared through the immobilization of molybdenum precursor species (dichlorodioxodi(aquo)molybdenum(VI) and sodium molybdate), onto a sisal-derived acid-char (S13.5), obtained from rope industry wastes by acid-mediated carbonization. The heterogeneous Mo-based materials were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ICP, solid state NMR, XPS, and SEM, and were evaluated as catalysts for the reduction of sulfoxides to sulfides in the presence of phenylsilane as reducing agent under different reaction conditions. The influence of various experimental parameters, including reducing agent type and amount, solvent type, and acid promoter were investigated. Catalytic studies revealed that both catalysts deoxygenate sulfoxides at 120 °C in toluene solution with high yields (up to 97%). The MoO2Cl2 derived catalyst shown to be highly efficient in the reduction of diaryl, alkylaryl, dibenzyl, and dialkyl sulfoxides to the corresponding sulfoxides using phenylsilane as reductant and no need of acid promoter.

Stereodirecting Effect of Esters at the 4-Position of Galacto- and Glucopyranosyl Donors: Effect of 4-C-Methylation on Side-Chain Conformation and Donor Reactivity, and Influence of Concentration and Stoichiometry on Distal Group Participation.

When generated in a mass spectrometer bridged bicyclic 1,3-dioxenium ions derived from 4-O-acylgalactopyranosyl, donors can be observed by infrared spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures, but they are not seen in the solution phase in contrast to the fused bicyclic 1,3-dioxalenium ions of neighboring group participation. The inclusion of a 4-C-methyl group into a 4-O-benzoyl galactopyranosyl donor enables nuclear magnetic resonance observation of the bicyclic ion arising from participation by the distal ester, with the methyl group influence attributed to ester ground state conformation destabilization. We show that a 4-C-methyl group also influences the side-chain conformation, enforcing a gauche,trans conformation in gluco and galactopyranosides. Competition experiments reveal that the 4-C-methyl group has only a minor influence on the rate of reaction of 4-O-benzoyl or 4-O-benzyl-galacto and glucopyranosyl donors and, consequently, that participation by the distal ester does not result in kinetic acceleration (anchimeric assistance). We demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of the 4-O-benzoyl-4-C-methyl galactopyranosyl donor depends on reaction concentration and additive (diphenyl sulfoxide) stoichiometry and hence that participation by the distal ester is a borderline phenomenon in competition with standard glycosylation mechanisms. An analysis of a recent paper affirming participation by a remote pivalate ester is presented with alternative explanations for the observed phenomena.

Periodate-Mediated Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides over a Bifunctional Porphyrin-polyoxometalate Catalyst: Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen Oxidation of Iodate to Periodate.

Regeneration of terminal oxidants by molecular oxygen in metal-catalyzed oxidations of organic substrates has the advantage of avoiding the use of stoichiometric amounts of hazardous and/or expensive reagents to meet (some of) the green chemistry requirements. In the present study, photosensitized singlet oxygen oxidation of iodate to periodate has been used to regenerate the oxidant in polyoxometalate (POM)-catalyzed oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with periodate in water. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on singlet oxygen oxidation of iodate to periodate. In order to determine the contribution of photooxidation and oxidation pathways in the formation of sulfoxide, the oxidation of diphenyl sulfide with a very low reactivity toward aerobic photooxidation was studied; a sevenfold increase in the conversion of the sulfide to the diphenyl sulfoxide was observed for the reaction conducted in the presence of H2TMPyP-PW12O40/IO3-/O2/hν compared to that in the presence of H2TMPyP-PW12O40/O2/hν. Also, under the same conditions, a ca. 1.5-fold increase was observed in the case of methyl phenyl sulfide, which shows high reactivity toward both the oxidation and photooxidation reactions. A porphyrin-POM nanocomposite formed by the electrostatic immobilization of meso-tetra(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (H2TMPyP) on PW12O40 was employed for the one-pot oxidation and photooxidation reactions. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse-reflectance UV-vis spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared were used to characterize the formation of the hybrid compound. An average particle size of 42 nm was estimated for H2TMPyP-PW12O40 from XRD peak broadening using the Scherrer equation. Also, FESEM images showed the formation of nearly spherical nanoparticles with a size of ca. 200 nm. The redshift of the Soret band of H2TMPyP upon immobilization on POM was attributed to strong N-H···O hydrogen-bond interactions between POM and porphyrin.

Highly Luminescent Europium(III) Complexes in Solution and PMMA-Doped Films for Bright Red Electroluminescent Devices.

This paper reports the synthesis, structure, photophysical, and optoelectronic properties of five eight-coordinate Europium(III) ternary complexes, namely, [Eu(hth)3(L)2], bearing 4,4,5,5,6,6,6-heptafluoro-1-(2-thienyl)-1,3-hexanedione (hth) as a sensitizer and L = H2O (1), dpso (diphenyl sulphoxide, 2), dpsoCH3 (4,4'-dimethyl diphenyl sulfoxide, 3), dpsoCl (bis(4-chlorophenyl)sulphoxide, 4), and tppo (triphenylphosphine oxide, 5) as co-ligands. The NMR and the crystal structure analysis confirmed the eight-coordinate structures of the complexes in solution and in a solid state. Upon UV-excitation on the absorption band of the β-diketonate ligand hth, all complexes showed the characteristic bright red luminescence of the Europium ion. The tppo derivative (5) displayed the highest quantum yield (up to 66%). As a result, an organic light-emitting device, OLED, was fabricated with a multi-layered structure-ITO/MoO3/mCP/SF3PO:[complex 5] (10%)/TPBi:[complex 5] (10%)/TmPyPB/LiF/Al-using complex 5 as the emitting component.

ZnO–TiO2 Nanoparticles Coated by the Dioxomolybdenum (VI) bis-Schiff Base Complex for Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfides

The oxygenation processes for the organic compounds have great applications in fine organic fabrications. To speed up progress in the industrialization of such oxidation systems, a monometallic dioxomolybdenum (VI) bis-Schiff base complex (MoO2L2) was synthesized through coordination of easily accessible 4-hydroxyiminophenol ligand (HL) with cis-MoO22+ ion in an octahedral geometry. The structural conformation of MoO2L2 and its coordinated ligand (HL) was determined using modern spectrophotometric tools. A heterogeneous catalyst (MoO2L2@ZnO–TiO2) was successfully prepared by immobilization of MoO2L2 on the surface of ZnO–TiO2 nanostructured particles through the deprotonation of 4-OH group in its coordinated ligand. Various analytical techniques were used to examine the surface morphology and internal structure features of ZnO–TiO2 and MoO2L2@ZnO–TiO2 nanocomposites. To study the catalytic efficiency of MoO2L2 and MoO2L2@ZnO–TiO2-based catalysts, they were employed in the oxygenation process of Ph2S (diphenyl sulfide) and MePhS (methylphenyl sulfide) using the most environmentally friendly oxidant (an aqueous H2O2) under an aerobic environment. A high degree of selectivity was observed for the productivity of diphenyl sulfoxide (Ph2SO) and methylphenyl sulfoxide (MePhSO), with some contamination of overoxidation side products (Ph2SO2 and MePhSO2). The catalytic oxidative ability was not observably superior for the heterogeneous coated catalyst by ZnO–TiO2 over its homogeneous one (MoO2L2) due to the less redox activity of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in the catalytic cycles for the oxygen-transfer mechanism. Both catalysts were successfully recycled, in which the homogeneous catalyst sustained its high catalytic potential for up to three cycles, while the heterogeneous catalyst was able to be reused up to six times.

Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Triphenylamine bis-Urea Macrocycles.

Herein, we probe the hydrogen bond-driven self-assembly of a triphenylamine (TPA) bis-urea macrocycle in the presence and absence of guests. Comprised of methylene urea-bridged TPAs with exterior tridodecyloxy benzene solubilizing groups, the macrocycle exhibits concentration-dependent aggregate formation in THF and H2 O/THF mixtures as characterized by 1 H NMR and DOSY experiments. Its assembly processes were further probed by temperature-dependent UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Upon heating, UV/Vis spectra exhibit a hypsochromic shift in the λmax , while fluorescence spectra show an increase in emission intensity. Conversely, the protected macrocycle that lacks hydrogen bond donors demonstrates no significant change. Thermodynamic analysis indicates a cooperative self-assembly pathway with distinct nucleation and elongation regimes. The morphology and structure of the aggregate were elucidated by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Variable temperature emission spectra were utilized to monitor the impact of guests, such as diphenylacetylene, that can be bound in the columnar channels. The findings suggest that the elongation of assemblies is influenced by the presence of these guests. In comparison, diphenyl sulfoxide, likely functioning as a chain stopper, limited the assembly size. These studies suggest that judicious selection of (co)monomers may modulate the function and utility of these supramolecular systems.

Effect of the sulfur compounds structure on the SO2 conversion and capture in a bubbling fluidized-bed combustor

SO2 is the main pollutant produced by fluidized bed boiler. Most studies only consider the effect of operating parameters on SO2, while the influence of sulfur structure in coal is ignored. Combustion experiments using pure char loaded with various sulfur structures in a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor was carried out in this paper to determine the influence of different sulfur structures on SO2 conversion. Effects of excess air, bed temperature and desulfurization efficiency were also investigated. The experimental results show that the order of SO2 conversion is ferrous sulfate > 1-Dodecanethiol > pyrite > diphenyl sulfide > diphenyl sulfoxide > dibenzothiophene. Most sulfur models showed an increase in SO2 conversion with increasing temperature. When the excess air increases, the oxygen content in the furnace is increased, which is beneficial to the conversion of sulfur model to SO2. The desulfurization efficiency of ferrous sulfate and pyrite is higher than that of organic sulfur.

NIOBIUM-DOPED PHOSPHOMOLYBDIC ACID CATALYST INCLUDED IN SILICA MATRIX: STUDY OF STABILITY AND REACTIVITY USING DIFFERENT LOADS

Heteropolyacids are used as catalysts in numerous reactions because they are inexpensive, nontoxic, have high acid strength and excellent redox properties. They have been used as acid catalyst in different ways, and numerous studies indicate that the incorporation of Nb into the structure of a solid generates an increase in the acidity of the sample, both at Lewis and Brönsted acid sites. Heteropolyacids have low surface area, which makes it necessary to include them in a support to increase the surface area and allow their use as heterogeneous catalysts in liquid phase reactions because they are very soluble in polar solvents. In this work, the synthesis of catalysts containing a niobium-doped heteropolyacid (PMoNb) included in silica at different concentrations is reported. The catalysts were characterized by ICP-MS, FT-IR, XRD, potentiometric titration, and their catalytic activity was tested in the selective oxidation of diphenyl sulfide to diphenyl sulfoxide, showing excellent results.

Study on the desulfurization effect of coal by microwave–Fenton system

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrowave‐assisted and Fenton reagents were combined to enhance the removal effect of sulfur from coal. The coal samples before and after desulfurization were characterized by various testing methods such as X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.RESULTSThe microwave–Fenton system showed the best desulfurization effect with a desulfurization rate of 77.52% at a microwave power of 800 W and irradiation time of 5 min, which was 82.96% higher than the maximum desulfurization rate of Fenton reagents alone. The desulfurization rates of pyrite sulfur, organic sulfur and sulfate sulfur can reach 88.76%, 58.77% and 59.33%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe minerals in the treated coal samples were significantly reduced. The microwave–Fenton system can generate a large number of hydroxyl radicals to break the CS bond, while exposing more sulfur‐containing groups to the reagents, resulting in more oxidation of low‐valent sulfur and sulfoxide to high‐valent sulfone and sulfate sulfur. The model compound removal effect was measured, dibenzyl sulfide > diphenyl sulfoxide > diphenyl sulfoxide > dibenzothiophene, while the microwave–Fenton system could significantly enhance the desulfurization effect of the above four model compounds. It was found that with the increase in applied electric field, the reaction energy barrier decreased and the CS bond was more easily broken, which was favorable to the reaction. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Process optimization and thermal hazard analysis of the preparation of diphenyl sulfoxide using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant

In this study, diphenyl sulfoxide was prepared by oxidizing diphenyl sulfide with hydrogen peroxide using phosphotungstic acid as catalyst in semi-batch mode. In order to optimize the synthesis process, a four-factor three-level Box-Behnken design was adopted. The result showed that under the optimal condition, namely catalyst concentration 0.19 mmol/mol, oxygen-sulfur ratio 1.08, reaction temperature 30 ºC, and dosing time 15 min, the yield of diphenyl sulfoxide could reach up to 79.05%. In addition, the thermal behavior of synthesis process was systematically investigated using a reaction calorimeter (EasyMax 102) equipped with a situ FTIR monitoring. The receivable mechanism is that H2O2 is activated by the catalyst and subsequently reacts with diphenyl sulfide to produce oxidized product. H2O2 was relatively stable when PTA was used as catalyst. Thermal risk index was used to assess the thermal hazard of H2O2 & PTA. Furthermore, risk matrix method as well as Stoessel criticality diagram was used to assess the thermal risk of the process and an unacceptable risk was obtained. One of the main hidden dangers was the potential chemical splatter caused by decomposition of H2O2. It should be equipped with a pre-set quench or sufficient emergency discharge to avoid further loss. The results of this work proposed a solid foundation for the safe operation of this process and can be further used for scale-up.

Mechanism of sulfur removal from coal by microwave assisted acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide system

The desulfurization effect of Ningxia Shuangma coal (SM) with an acetic acid-hydrogen peroxide system assisted by microwave, ultrasonic and ultraviolet light was compared. The results show that microwave-assisted desulfurization has the best effect. When the microwave power is 900W, the irradiation time is 5 min, and the volume ratio of acetic acid to hydrogen peroxide is 1:10, the desulfurization rate can reach 55.82%. Moreover, microwave-assisted desulfurization can effectively improve the removal effect of organic sulfur. XRD, XPS, SEM and other characterization showed that microwave assisted can effectively reduce the mineral content, expose more sulfur-containing groups, and improve the desulfurization effect. The desulfurization rate of three sulfur-containing compounds is: dibenzyl sulfide > diphenyl sulfoxide > benzothiophene. With the increase of intensity of the applied electric field, the C–S bond gets easier to fracture, the applied electric field can reduce the reaction energy barrier, is a benefit to the reaction.

Study on oxidation characteristics and conversion of sulfur-containing model compounds in coal

In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of organic sulfur in the process of coal spontaneous combustion, the reaction paths and thermodynamic characteristics of 2-methylthiophene, dibenzothiophene, phenyl mercaptan, diphenyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfoxide, and diphenyl disulfide have been investigated by quantum chemical calculations. The results indicate CH, -S-, -SS-, SH, -S-, and SO bonds to be the respective active sites for oxidation reactions of the six model compounds. Upon oxidation and heating, 2-methylthiophene and phenyl mercaptan undergo dehydrogenation reactions to form hydroxyl radicals. The oxidation of organic sulfur compounds involves multiple steps; mercaptans are converted into thioethers, and thioethers and thiophenes are converted into sulfoxides and sulfones. The activity order of the six organic sulfur compounds is diphenyl sulfoxide > phenyl mercaptan > diphenyl sulfide > dibenzothiophene > 2-methylthiophene > diphenyl disulfide, with corresponding activation energies of 21.00, 60.39, 76.14, 94.52, 102.39, and 202.16 kJ/mol, respectively. It can be concluded that diphenyl sulfoxide is the most reactive and is easily oxidized to the corresponding sulfone, but is only present at low levels in coal. Therefore, mercaptans play the dominant role in the oxidation of coal. The oxidation of 2-methylthiophene releases the most heat of 181.16 kJ/mol, which serves to accelerate coal spontaneous combustion.

Novel hybrid silicone resin composites with excellent low dielectric and high temperature mechanical properties

With the development of aerospace technology, the temperature resistance of traditional silicone resins fails to satisfy the ever-increasing demand from the stringent application conditions. In this paper, we used diphenyl sulfide (TBSP), diphenyl sulfoxide (SIBSP), and diphenyl sulfone (SODP) to modify the main chain of SiR by hydrolysis-condensation and prepared the quartz fiber reinforced SiR composites. The mechanical properties of QF@SiR composites were measured, and the effects of temperature on the mechanical properties were investigated. Compared with QF/SiR, the ILSS and bending strength of QF/SiR@SODP composites enhanced from 15.58 MPa to 183.59 MPa–25.36 MPa and 338.37 MPa at room temperature. Moreover, at 500 °C, the ILSS and bending strength of QF/SiR@SODP were 11.87 MPa and 114.37 MPa, representing an enhancement of 514% and 315% compared with SiR composite. The structural, heat resistance and composition changes of the composites were determined by SEM, TG and IR, and the failure mechanism of the composites at high temperature was elucidated.

Regioselective Synthetic Approach to Higher Alkenes from Lower Alkenes with Sulfoxides in the Fe3+/H2O2 System via Direct Alkylation or Arylation of the Csp2-H Bond on the C═C Bond of Alkenes.

The regioselective synthetic approach to higher alkenes from lower alkenes by using sulfoxides as alkyl or aryl reagents in the Fe3+/H2O2 system has been developed. This reaction realized direct alkylation or arylation of alkenes. In this reaction, sulfoxides afforded one Csp3 or Csp2 atom to the C═C bond of alkenes; one new Csp2-Csp3 bond or Csp2-Csp2 bond was formed. Nearly 40 products including di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted products were regioselectively synthesized. Both aliphatic and aromatic alkenes could participate in this reaction. Moreover, not only dimethyl sulfoxide but also three other sulfoxides can be applied to this reaction, including diethyl, dibenzyl, and diphenyl sulfoxide. The mechanism studies showed that this reaction may experience a coupling process via radical addition-elimination and the Fe3+/H2O2 system made the sulfoxides offered one alkyl or aryl radical to the C═C bond of alkenes.

Development of Low Molecular Weight Ligands for Integrin αvβ3.

We designed and synthesized non-peptide organic molecular ligands for integrin αvβ3. Candidate ligands featured amidino analog and carboxy groups as binding sites on either side of a spacer, which consisted of benzophenone or an analog, such as diphenyl sulfide, diphenyl sulfoxide, diphenyl sulfone, or diphenyl ether. Competitive binding assays to integrin αvβ3 with respect to [125I]echistatin were used to determine inhibitory activity of the synthetic ligands. Ligands bearing 2-aminobenzimidazoyl and glycyl groups separated by a benzophenone spacer demonstrated more potent binding than did a linear Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptide that represents the native integrin αvβ3 binding motif. Ligands possessing 2-aminobenzimidazoyl and carboxy groups and diphenyl sulfoxide or diphenyl ether spacers inhibited binding of [125I]echistatin with IC50 values similar to that of the linear RGD tripeptide.

Protic acids as third components improve the phosphorescence properties of the guest-host system through hydrogen bonds

A new phosphorescence guest–host doped system was constructed, protic acids are selected as the third component. Protic acids can greatly enhance the phosphorescence emission of the doped system and induce the doped system to produce a stimulus–response function. • A three-component organic doped system with RTP characteristics are developed. • Third component greatly improve the RTP activity by forming hydrogen bonds with the host. • Third component make the doped system has reversible alkali stimulus-responsive function. • Providing a universal strategy for constructing the multi-component doped systems with better RTP property. Host-guest doped materials have attracted widespread attention. However, most of the doped materials are two-component systems, and the phosphorescence properties and functions need to be further improved. Herein, diphenyl sulfoxide was selected as the host, and 1,3-diphenylbenzofuro[2,3-c]pyridine was designed as the guest to construct a new phosphorescence doped system. Importantly, water, phenol, benzoic acid, and phenylboronic acid are selected as the third component to form hydrogen bonds with the host molecules, the hydrogen bonds can improve the phosphorescence performance of doped materials. The phosphorescence quantum yields are increased from 4.3 % of the two-component to 18.8% −28.5 % of the three-component, and the phosphorescence lifetimes are increased from 147 ms to 235–308 ms. Moreover, the addition of the third component makes the phosphorescence of the doped system has a reversible alkali stimulus–response function. This work provides a universal strategy for constructing the multi-component doped systems with better phosphorescence performance or more phosphorescence functions.

Factors Affecting the Stability of Platinum(II) Complexes with 1,2,4-Triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine Derivatives and Tetrahydrothiophene-1-Oxide or Diphenyl Sulfoxide.

The platinum(II) complexes of general formula [PtCl2(dstp)(S-donor)] were dstp 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine (dmtp), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dbtp), 5-methyl-7-isobutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (ibmtp) or 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (dptp), whereas S-tetrahydrothio-phene-1-oxide (TMSO) or diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) were synthesized in a one-pot reaction. Here, we present experimental data (1H, 13C, 15N, 195Pt NMR, IR, X-ray) combined with density functional theory (DFT) computations to support and characterize structure–spectra relationships and determine the geometry of dichloride platinum(II) complexes with selected triazolopyrimidines and sulfoxides. Based on the experimental and theoretical data, factors affecting the stability of platinum(II) complexes have been determined.