Free Radical Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl Research Articles

Evaluation of Total Flavonoids, Total Phenolics Content and in Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Extract of Platycerium bifurcatum Leaf: A Potential Antihypertensive Medicinal Plant

Plant bioactive compounds possess the potential to function as antioxidants, which makes interest in the use of ethnomedicine for treatment or prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress to be growing. This study evaluated the flavonoid contents, total phenolics and in vitro antioxidant activity of Platycerium bifurcatum leaf extract. The free radical scavenging activity was determined using diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide assay, and the reducing power by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the total antioxidant capacity assays. The total phenolics content of the extract was 4.7 ± 0.56 mg GAE/g extract and flavonoid contents of the extract was 46.73 ± 2.03 mg QE/g extract. The extarct exhibited a dose dependent nitric oxide and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity, which showed a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity and the flavonoid contents and total phenolics. The appreciable amount of flavonoid contents, total phenolics and its strong antioxidant properties suggested that Platycerium bifurcatum is a promising source of novel lead antioxidants and could be utilized in the treatment of oxidative stress mediated cardiovascular disease like hypertensive and obesity

Modeling of Sensory Properties of Poppy Sherbet by Turkish Consumers and Changes in Quality Properties during Storage Process.

Poppy is an important edible plant containing bioactive components. This study aimed to produce good-tasting poppy sherbet by determining the content using a response surface methodology (RSM). At the same time, bioactive components, phenolic compounds, and color properties were investigated in optimum poppy sherbet during storage; 0.26 g of dried corn poppy flowers, 0.15 g of citric acid, and 4.29 g of sucrose values were the most promising, achieving high scores for color, smell, taste, and general acceptance from sensory properties (sensory score of 8.55 for color; 7.19 for smell; 8.38 for taste; 7.98 for general acceptability). A total of nine polyphenols were detected in the optimum poppy sherbet sample; gallic acid was the most common. There was no statistically significant difference between the samples stored on the 0th and 30th days regarding gallic acid content (23.886 ± 0.164 μg/mL, 23.403 ± 0.343 μg/mL) and protocatechuic acid (1.146 ± 0.048 μg/mL, 1.047 ± 0.038 μg/mL). Total flavonoid contents (TFC), total phenolic contents (TPC), CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity), DPPH (e free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl), total monomeric anthocyanin (TAC), and color values were found to decrease as the storage period increased. It was considered that a highly palatable and rich bioactive component product could be obtained.

Mathematical modelling of the process of drying rosehips

The article analyzes the process of drying rose hips found in the mountainous regions of Uzbekistan. Since rose hips are considered one of the main medicines, it is important to dry them while retaining their antioxidant properties. The blanching technology was applied in a convective dryer for drying while maintaining the antioxidant properties of the object. In the blanching process, a solution of ordinary water and citric acid was used. 1 and 1.5% solution of citric acid were picked up. Rosehips were dried until 16% moisture remained. Laboratory analyses was carried out on dried rose hips. The free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl was used to determine the antioxidant properties of the samples. In a laboratory study the antioxidant properties of dried rose hips blanched in a 1.5% citric acid solution remained at a high level. This revealed 190 µl of rose hips, 155 µl of its seeds, 185 µl of its water extract and 195 µl of its alcoholic extract. A mathematical model of a sample with a high level of antioxidant activity in rose hips has been developed.

Carbon Dots as a Fluorescent Probe for Appraising Morphology‐Dependent Free‐Radical‐Scavenging Properties of CuO Nanostructures

AbstractFree radical scavenging property of different ligand directed nanostructures of CuO (rod‐, sphere, flower‐, and star‐shaped) prepared through aqueous based chemical precipitation route using various carboxylic acids (viz. tartaric acid, citric acid and acetic acid) have been investigated using N,S co‐doped carbon dots (NSCDs) as a novel fluorescent probe which is validated through diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and EPR study. The rod shaped nanostructures having the highest negative surface potential and lowest BET surface area compared to other morphologies, were found to show the highest radical scavenging ability which was corroborated with the maximum decrease of the DPPH absorption peak in UV‐vis spectra, largest attenuation of the DPPH free radical signal in EPR intensity and the maximum quenching of the fluorescent intensity of the NSCDs probe.

A study on in vitro antioxidant effect of Cordyceps neovolkiana DL0004 extracts isolated in Lam Dong, Vietnam

Cordyceps neovolkiana DL0004 is a group of insect parasitic fungi collected at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level at the top of Langbiang Mountain, Lam Dong province, Vietnam. C. neovolkiana DL0004 has been used in traditional medicine and possesses numerous biological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, antioxidant properties. In this research, the fungi biomass and fruiting body of C. neovolkiana DL0004 were cultured and examined for their antioxidant properties using test methods such as reducing power, scavenging 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, neutralizing 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazonline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical, and inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO). The results showed that all 7 extracts of the biomass were more active than the fruiting bodies of C. neovolkiana DL0004. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of C. neovolkiana DL0004 biomass showed DPPH, ABTS, and XO free radical scavenging with IC50 values (the concentration of the sample required to inhibit 50% of radical) of 107.01 μg/ml, 111.91 μg/ml, and 106.2248 μg/ml, respectively. Moreover, the reducing power of the EtOAc from C. neovolkiana DL0004 biomass was 0.184 at 1000 μg/ml.From the obtained results, the biomass EtOAc fraction extract of C. neovolkiana DL0004 was demonstrated to contain antioxidant compounds with potential applications in the production of functional foods.

A novel electrochemical micro-titration method for quantitative evaluation of the DPPH free radical scavenging capacity of caffeic acid

Abstract In this report, the stoichiometric ratio (R) for the interaction of diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals with the antioxidant was employed as an evaluation index for the DPPH radical scavenging activity of antioxidants. This evaluation index was related only to the stoichiometric relationship of DPPH radicals with the antioxidant and had no relationship with the initial DPPH amount and the sample volume, which could offer a solution to the problem of poor comparability of EC50 values under different conditions. A novel electrochemical micro-titration method was proposed for the determination of the stoichiometric ratio (R) for the interaction of DPPH radicals with the antioxidant. This electrochemical micro-titration model was verified using caffeic acid as the DPPH radical scavenger, with the stoichiometric ratio (R) of DPPH radicals to caffeic acid determined to be in the range of 2.003–2.046. The calculated EC50 values were 0.513, 1.011, and 1.981 × 10–5 mol/L for 2.10, 4.05, and 8.02 × 10–7 moL of added DPPH radicals, respectively. The proposed method showed no differences from the conventional method, but had better precision and reliability, and used a smaller amount of sample.

Antibacterial, Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Constituents of Jatropha curcas L. Leaves

The study was carried out for investigation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities along with phytochemical analysis of leaf extracts of Jatropha curcas L. Extraction was done by using methanol and acetone solvents. Antibacterial activity was analysed by Agar well diffusion method against four human pathogenic bacteria, which included two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Streptomycin was taken as a standard and positive control. Both methanol and acetone leaf extracts showed higher inhibition against S. aureus (19.98 mm and 18.75 mm for methanol and acetone respectively, at 100 % conc.). Antioxidant activity was determined by using DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and Reducing power assay. BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene) was used as standard for both methods. Highest free radical scavenging activity was shown by leaf extract with IC50 value of 200.84 μg/ml for methanol leaf extract, and for reducing power method, methanol leaf extract showed antioxidant activity with EC50 value of 714.6 μg/ml. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, carbohydrate and protein. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) results of leaf methanol extract showed 28 phytoconstituents with squalene [C30H50 (2,6,10,14,18,22-h Tetracosahexaene, 2,6,10,15,19,23- Hexamethyl)] (37.84%), as major compound and it possesses antioxidant, antitumour properties and also used in cosmetic dermatology. In conclusion, the particular study demonstrated the biological potency of leaf of J. curcas as antibacterial, antioxidant agent and provide support to its use as a traditional medicinal plant, and further investigations can be done to check its therapeutic potential by isolating the phytochemical constituents.

Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethiopian Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaf and Flower Oil Extracts.

The occurrence of multidrug resistant pathogenic microbes has initiated the development of natural antimicrobial agents from plants. Oils from herbal sources have drawn scientific interest due to their potential source of bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to examine the physicochemical and biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the oil extracted from basil leaves and flowers. The physicochemical properties of the oil extracts were measured based on oil yield, specific gravity, acid value, free fatty acids and peroxide values whilst the antioxidant activities were assessed by ascorbic acid, DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted based on disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. The result of antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum indicated significantly higher DPPH (86.45%) for leaf oil extract. The strongest antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (15.47 mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.09 μg/ml), and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.19 μg/ml) was exhibited by the flower oil extract against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-25923. The strongest antifungal activity with maximum zone of inhibition (15.90 mm), MIC (0.125 μg/ml, the least value), and minimum fungicidal concentration MFC (0.09 μg/ml) were recorded for leaf oil against Candida albicans. It can be concluded from the present study that the sweet basil flower and leaf oil extracts can be potential antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal agents.

A Comparative Assessment on Antioxidant and Phytochemical of Trichilia monadelpha (Thonn) J.J. De Wilde (Meliaceae) Plant Extracts

This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of Trichilia monadelpha plant extracts. The leaves were extracted using two different solvents namely-(n-hexane and methanol). The dry or wet yield of n-hexane extract was 1.3%, while methanolic extract exhibited a percentage yield of 3.7 %. Phytochemical research revealed the presence of secondary plant metabolites such as; alkaloids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids and saponins. In-vitro antioxidant activity was determined using three assays (DPPH free radical scavenging assay, reducing ability and hydroxy radical scavenging activity) with four concentrations (0.25, 5.0, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L), vitamin C was also used as a standard antioxidant.
 The percentage of inhibition was measured, and the results from all assay models showed a concentration-dependent percentage of inhibition by the methanol extract. However, the percentage values for the 2,2, -diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing ability and hydroxy radical scavenging activity assays of T. monadelpha leaf was lower than that of standard vitamin C. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was evaluated and the results showed that of the two extracts, the methanolic extract had the most antioxidant activity with the methanol extract exhibiting a better significant correlation that had a similar trend to that of the antioxidant compound (vitamin C). The results of this study have shown that the plant Trichilia monodelpha contains bioactive compounds which may have contributed to its antioxidant properties.

Effects of High-Frequency Electrical Stunning Current Intensities on Pre-Slaughter Stunning Stress and Meat Lipid Oxidation in Geese.

Simple SummaryChina produces the largest number of meat-producing geese in the world. However, few studies have investigated the effects of electrical stunning parameters on stunning stress or meat lipid oxidation in geese. We aimed to evaluate the stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation in geese stunned at a high electrical frequency level with different electrical current intensities in a water bath. Stunning the geese at 40 mA resulted in the minimum stunning stress based on the gene expression and hormones released in the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Stunning geese with 40 mA resulted in low stunning stress and lipid oxidation in breast meat (d 2), with moderate antioxidant capacity in the meat of the breast (d 2) and thigh (d 0) as compared with 100 mA. A combination of 40 mA, 500 Hz, 10 s per bird is suitable for the electrical stunning of geese and for the alleviation of stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation. This study may help to alleviate stunning stress and improve meat quality in the geese production industry.Intensive slaughtering with electrical stunning (ES) is replacing traditional manual slaughtering of geese in China. This study aimed to assess stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation in geese stunned by high-frequency current intensities. Forty male Yangzhou geese, 92 days old, were randomly allocated into five treatments with eight replicates per treatment. The geese in the control group were not stunned, while the other birds were stunned by alternating current (AC) in a water bath. Each bird received a current intensity of 20 mA (E20mA), 40 mA (E40mA), 70 mA (E70mA), or 100 mA (E100mA) for 10 s at 500 Hz. The gene expression of c-jun N-terminal kinase 1 tended to decrease in the E40mA birds (p = 0.08). Stunning with 40 mA resulted in the maximum serum uric acid and urea among the ES groups and decreased serum adrenocorticotropin and creatine kinase (p < 0.01) compared with 70 mA and 100 mA. Increasing the current intensity reduced the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical elimination ability and total-superoxide dismutase linearly in goose breast meat at d 2 and in thigh meat at d 0 (all p < 0.01). Stunning geese with 40 mA at 500 Hz for 10 s could alleviate stunning stress and meat lipid oxidation.

Evaluation of Fatty Acid Compositions, Antioxidant, and Pharmacological Activities of Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Seed Oil from Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction.

Pumpkin seed oil is a by-product, abundant in nutrients and bioactive components that promote several health benefits. This study aimed to compare chemical compositions, antioxidant, and pharmacological activities of pumpkin seed oils extracted from Cucurbita moschata Duch. Ex Poir. (PSO1) and Cucurbita moschata (Japanese pumpkin) (PSO2) by aqueous enzymatic extraction. An enzyme mixture consisting of pectinase, cellulase, and protease (1:1:1) was used in the enzymatic extraction process. Fatty acid composition of the oils was determined using fatty acid methyl ester/gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity assays were measured by using stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl, radical cation 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, and ferric thiocyanate assay. Inhibition of enzymes involving skin aging and whitening process was investigated. Linoleic acid was a major component of all pumpkin seed oils. Additionally, there was also a significant amount of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid detected. PSO2 possessed the highest antioxidant activities compared to PSO1 and commercial pumpkin seed oils (COM1 and COM2). Both PSO1 and PSO2 exhibited higher inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase, collagenase, and tyrosinase than the commercials. Therefore, aqueous enzymatic extraction could yield pumpkin seed oils with higher antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening activities. This is beneficial for further pharmacological studies and can be used as a functional food for skin benefits.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potential of Local Endemic Plant Pastinaca zozimoides Fenzl

P. zozimoides is local endemic in Nigde province, Turkey. There has been no previous examination of the chemical composition and bioactivity of that plant extract. In this study, we studied total phenolic content, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effect of methanolic extracts of plant sample. According to the Folin-Ciocalteau method, the total phenolics of the extracts were determined spectrophometric. The antioxidant activity was conducted DPPH (1,1‘-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and free radical reducing power assay. The cytotoxic effect was studied using MTT assay cell viability on cancer cell lines as well as on Caco-2 cell lines. The total phenolic content of P. zozimoides extract was found 28.79±0.68 μg GAE /mg. The free radical scavenger activities of the DPPH was 31.69%±1.61, 85.15%±0.13, 86.96%±0.085 for 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The free radical reducing power assay was 0.375±0.52, 1.587±0.71, 1.798±0.84 for 1, 5 and 10 mg/mL compared to ascorbic acid standard. On Caco-2 cell lines, the extract of plant showed no cytotoxic potential. Because of its phenolic constituents and its antioxidant capacity it can be considered a healthy nutrient.

EVALUATION OF SALVIA LANATA LEAF EXTRACT FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY

Objective: The work is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salvia lanata.&#x0D; Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of S. lanata at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg against the standard drug indomethacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and protein denaturation method. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method, reducing power method, and nitric oxide scavenging assay.&#x0D; Results: S. lanata leaf extract showed highly significant dose-dependent efficacy against carrageenan-induced paw edema at a dose of 200 mg/kg and lesser effect at 100 mg/kg. It inhibited heat-induced albumin denaturation with a maximum inhibition of 79.26% at 160 μg/ml. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of extract exhibited inhibition of 25.96%–87.74% within the concentration range of 10 μg/ml–160 μg/ml, nitric oxide assay from 12.26% to 79.22% in the same concentration range. In reducing power assay with an increase in concentrations, an increase in the absorbance of the reaction mixture was observed. Antioxidant activity was compared to standard drug ascorbic acid.&#x0D; Conclusion: The leaf extract of S. lanata has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.

Biogenic Silver and Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles by Feijoa: Biosynthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxic, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities.

Green nanotechnology is an interesting method for the synthesis of functional nanoparticles. Because of their wide application, they have set up great attention in recent years. The present research examines the green synthesis of Ag and zero-valent iron nanoparticles (AgNPs, ZVINPs) by Feijoa sellowiana fruit extract. In this synthesis, no stabilizers or surfactants were applied. Eco-friendly synthesis of Iron and biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles were accomplished by controlling critical parameters such as concentration, incubation period and temperature. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and UV-Vis were applied to characterize NPs. The cytotoxicity of NPs was investigated in two cell lines, MCF-7 (breast cancer) and AGS (human gastric carcinoma). A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was also performed for characterization of phenolic acids in the extract. Both NPs displayed powerful anticancer activities against two tumor cell lines with little effect on BEAS-2B normal cells. Synthesized AgNPs and ZVINPs inhibited the growth of all selected bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli have been studied in two stages. We initially examined the ATCCs followed by clinical strain isolation. Based on the results from resistant strains, we showed that nanoparticles were superior to conventional antibiotics. DPPH (diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay and iron chelating activity were used for the determination of antioxidant properties. Results showed a high antioxidant activity of scavenging free radicals for ZVINPs and powerful iron-chelating activity for AgNPs. Based on the HPLC data, catechin was the major phenolic compound in the extract. Our synthesized nanoparticles displayed potent cytotoxic, antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

The methanolic crude extract of Garcinia lancifolia have significant pharmacological activities with potential sources of phytochemicals

Background: Garcinia lancifolia, a potential medicinal plant has significant local use to alleviate various diseases like dysentery, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and as a pain reliever but not scientifically proven at yet. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-diarrheal, analgesic, and antioxidant activities of crude extract of G. lancifolia. Methods: The plant parts of G. lancifolia were collected, dried, powdered, and extracted with methanol. Then the extracts were subjected to in-vivo anti-diarrheal activity by castor oil-induced method and analgesic activity by hot plate method in mice model. The Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total phenolic content were demonstrated for the analysis of antioxidant activity. Results: Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of active phytochemicals like flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, and terpenoids in the plant extract. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg showed significantly a reduction of diarrheal feces by 61.161% (p 0.01) and 72.33% (p 0.001), respectively in contrast to standard drug loperamide (77.83% reduction). In the hot plate method, the crude extract (300 mg/kg) revealed significant (p 0.05) analgesia in comparison to standard aceclofenac. In an antioxidant activity test, the extract contains a moderate level of phenolic content 10.78 μg/mg of gallic acid equivalent and the antioxidant activity by using DPPH free radical scavenging showed poor antioxidant potential with an IC50 value of 148.26 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of this study conclude that this plant is a potential source of pharmacological actions that may be a basis for further investigation on a large scale

The antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of Juniperus species from Turkey

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the essential oil compositions of four different types of Juniperus species including Juniperus oxycedrus ssp oxycedrus L., Juniperus foetidissima Willd., Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, and Juniperus communis L. with their antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. The antiproliferative activity of the essential oils was determined against HeLa (human cervix carcinoma) and C6 (rat brain tumor cell) cell lines by BrdU cell proliferation assay. The essential oils were tested for their total reducing power activity, DPPH (2,2'‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activities, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activities. The overall results of the study showed that the needles of Juniperus species have strong antiproliferative activities as cell selective against C6 cells.

Preparation and Evaluation of New Glycopeptides Obtained by Proteolysis from Corn Gluten Meal Followed by Transglutaminase-Induced Glycosylation with Glucosamine.

New glycopeptides were generated by proteolysis from corn gluten meal (CGM) followed by transglutaminase (TGase)-induced glycosylation with glucosamine (GlcN). The glycopeptides exhibited desirable antioxidant and intracellular ROS-scavenging properties. The amount of conjugated GlcN quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was 23.0 g/kg protein. The formed glycopeptides contained both glycosylated and glycation types, as demonstrated by the electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS/MS). The glycopeptides exhibited scavenging capabilities against free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radicals by reducing their power. The potential protection of glycopeptides against ethanol-induced injury in LO2 cells was assessed In Vitro based on methyl thiazole tetrazolium (MTT) testing and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacity, respectively. Glycopeptide cytoprotection was expressed in a dose-dependent manner, with the glycopeptides exhibiting good solubility ranging from 74.8% to 83.2% throughout a pH range of 2–10. Correspondingly, the glycopeptides showed good emulsifying activity (36.0 m2/g protein), emulsion stability (74.9%), and low surface hydrophobicity (16.3). These results indicate that glycosylation of CGM significantly improved its biological and functional properties. Glycopeptides from CGM could be used as potential antioxidants as well as comprising a functional food ingredient.

Synthesis of some novel 3- (4-ethoxyphenyl) -5- (4-substituted) -4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole derivatives as potent antioxidant agents

Pyrazolines are the most useful heterocyclic moiety in Pharmaceutical and Chemical fields and as the most potential molecules for the design of new chemical entities. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, pyrazolines and their derivatives showed a variety of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant properties. In the present study, eleven novel ethoxylated pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized by condensing chalcones with electron releasingethoxy group at one end and different electron-donating, electron-withdrawing groups in another end with hydrazine hydrate andalcohol. The compounds synthesized were structural elucidated by their spectroscopic studies. All the compounds synthesized were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant potential by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging assay methods.Some of these molecules possess moderate to good antioxidant activitywhen compared to standard ascorbic acid. The compound with methoxy group (EH2) exhibits potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 9.02 and 9.44µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide assay method respectively and the compound with hydroxy group (EH9) also showed potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 12.41 and 14.56µg/ml in DPPH and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavengingassay method respectively when compared to standard. The compounds containing electron-donating substituents were found to be good antioxidantswhen compared to standard ascorbic acid.

Phytochemicals, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of methanolic extract of Berberis aristata roots

The present study focuses on exploring the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidants and antimicrobial potential of methanolic extract of root of Berberis aristata. The preliminary qualitative analysis of phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity, antimicrobial potential and FTIR spectrophotometry were investigated from the root extracts of Berberis aristrata. Methanolic extract of root showed the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and saponins. Further antioxidant assay like DPPH (Diphenyl -2-Picrylhydrazyl) assay was done. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was expressed in % inhibition. In present study, the % inhibition of methanolic extract was 52% and IC50 value was 26^g/ml. Antimicrobial screening showed good positive results with tested pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas areginousa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer) spectroscopic studies revealed different characteristic peak values which confirmed that there is presence of various phytocompounds such as lipids, proteins in the methanolic root extracts. The FTIR method was performed on a spectrophotometer system, which was used to detect the representative peak values along with their functional groups. The results of the present study generated the FTIR spectrum profile for the medicinally important plant Berberis aristata. This preliminary study shows that root part of Berberis aristata is a promising herb with many phytochemicals, antioxidants and antimicrobial potential.

Application of normal essential oil and loaded-solid lipid nanoparticles as antioxidant

The industry adds antioxidants in the formulation of meat products to prevent or delay meat oxidation reactions. Therefore, this investigation was carried out to study the effect of normal essential oil and loaded-solid lipid nanoparticles as antioxidants and the effect of the abovementioned volatile oils on chemical properties (TBA) and shelf life of frozen beef burger. The antioxidant activity of volatile oils (cinnamon and ginger) normal and nano particle size at different concentrations were assessed. Also, the effect of the above mentioned volatile oils addition with different concentrations on chemical properties and shelf life of frozen beef burger was investigated. Results indicated that, the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity increased by increasing the volatile oil concentrations for all studied treatments. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of volatile oils (cinnamon and ginger) nanoparticles was higher than that of the same concentrations of normal volatile oil. The chemical properties values thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) of beef burger decreased by increasing volatile oils concentrations and essential oils nanoparticles reduced chemical properties (TBA) values more than normal essential oils, beside extending the shelf life of beef burger treatments up to 6 months in comparison with control sample which have a four-month shelf life. In conclusion, the transformation of essential oils into nanoparticle size can affect their antioxidant activity and promote the chemical properties and shelf life of beef burger.