Dioscorea Oppositifolia Research Articles

Preparation, structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide and its metal chelates from the peel of Dioscorea oppositifolia L

Two metal chelates of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. peel polysaccharides (DTP) were prepared: iron chelate (DTP-Fe) and zinc chelate (DTP-Zn). The physicochemical properties of the polysaccharide and its metal chelates were assessed by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS + and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. According to ICP-MS, the iron content of DTP-Fe was 9.47%, while the zinc content of DTP-Zn was 4.02%. The antioxidant capacity of DTP-Fe increased with the increase of concentration, and its overall activity was higher than that of DTP and DTP-Zn. This polysaccharide-iron chelate can be developed and utilised as an antioxidant and multifunctional iron supplement. DTP-Zn showed the potential to be a natural antioxidant and zinc supplement food.

Discrimination of Dioscorea species (Chinese yam) using FT-IR integrated with chemometric approach

Dioscorea oppositifolia is an important crop and functional food. D. oppositifolia tuber is often adulterated with D. persimilis, D. alata, and D. fordii tuber in the commercial market. This study proposed an integrated Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) with chemometric approach to differentiate these four Dioscorea species. A total of 107 Dioscorea spp. tuber samples were collected from different locations in China. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), PCA-Class, and Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) were utilised to classify the FT-IR spectra. In this PCA is unable to differentiate the Dioscorea spp. tuber effectively. However, PCA-Class and OPLS-DA can distinguish spp. these 4 species Dioscorea tuber with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Additionally, the RMSEE, RMSEP and RMSECV values for OPLS-DA model were low, showing that it is a good model. The combination of FT-IR with the PCA-Class and OPLS-DA is practical in discriminating Dioscorea spp. tubers.

First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea Causing Stem Blight of Dioscorea oppositifolia in China.

Dioscorea oppositifolia Thunb. (Chinese yam) is one of the traditional foods and medicinal plants in China. It has nutritional and medicinal value and plays an important role in treatment of diabetes and hypertension. In 2018, stem blight was first observed on the stalks of D. oppositifolia in fields of Anguo City (115°27' N; 38°46' E), Hebei Province, China. Over 400 plants were surveyed in four fields, and nearly 30% of the plants were infected. At the initial stage of the disease, there were dark brown spots on the stems and in later stages the leaves and stems withered. To identify the pathogen, 10 symptomatic stalks were collected, and one diseased area was taken out from each sample. Small square stalk pieces (3 to 5 mm) were obtained with sterile scissors from the junction of infected and healthy tissues, sterilized with sodium hypochlorite (10%) for 1 min, followed by washing in sterile water three times, then pieces were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates for 7 days at 25°C. The fungal isolates were purified by single-spore isolation. A total of three species of fungi were isolated, and initial pathogenicity tests found that one fungal species could cause the disease symptoms on D. oppositifolia stems. This pathogen was grown on PDA plates in the dark at 25 °C for 10 days. In the beginning, the colonies were white, and as the culture time was extended, the color of the colonies became darker and then became black. Conidia forming on pycnidia were one-celled, hyaline, aseptate, and ovoid, with dimensions of 4.6 to 7.6 × 2.6 to 4.8 μm (n=100). Mycelial DNA was extracted from a 7-day-old culture, and PCR amplifications were performed using primers ITS1/ITS4 and β-tubF/β-tubR (Glass and Donaldson 1995; White et al. 1990). BLAST searches at GenBank showed 100.00% nucleotide sequence identity for the ITS sequence with Botryosphaeria dothidea strain sdxf6 (MG282093; 545/545 bp) and for β-tubulin 99.76% identity with B. dothidea strain SD-B8 (KP183131; 411/412 bp). Sequences from these regions were deposited in GenBank (ITS: OP104323; β-tubulin: OK669147). Morphological and molecular results confirmed this species as B. dothidea (Angelica et al. 2017; Bernard et al. 2004). To inoculate plants, pathogen was grown on PDA at 25°C in the dark for 15 days, after which a spore suspension (3×105 spores/mL) was prepared by flooding the agar surface with sterilized double-distilled water. Pathogenicity tests were conducted by stem inoculation of 6-month-old healthy D. oppositifolia plants. The stems were wounded by lightly rubbing with a steel sponge, and the wounded stem was wrapped in sterile cotton treated with 1 mL of the spore suspension, then the plants were covered with plastic to maintain a moist environment for 72 h. Control plants were inoculated with sterile water. Inoculated and control plants (ten each) were kept in a moist chamber (25°C, 16-h light and 8-h dark period, 75% relative humidity). After 15 days, all of the inoculated plants showed dark brown spots on the stems, and the symptoms were the same as those in the field, while the controls were healthy. After 30 days, all of the inoculated but none of the control D. oppositifolia plants showed leaf wilting or leaf withering. Isolates from the inoculated and infected leaves were identified as B. dothidea by DNA sequencing with primers ITS1/ITS4 and β-tubF/β-tubR, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea causing stem blight on D. oppositifolia. The disease poses a threat to the production of D. oppositifolia, and management strategies need to be developed.

Qingrequzhuo capsule alleviated methionine and choline deficient diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice through regulating gut microbiota, enhancing gut tight junction and inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Qingrequzhuo capsule (QRQZ), composed of Morus alba L., Coptis chinensis Franch., Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Alisma plantago-aquatica subsp. orientale (Sam.) Sam., Citrus × aurantium L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Rheum palmatum L., Smilax glabra Roxb., Dioscorea oppositifolia L., Cyathula officinalis K.C.Kuan, has been used to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in clinic. However, the mechanism of QRQZ on NASH remains unclear. Recent studies have found that the dysfunction of gut microbiota could impair the gut barrier and induce the activation of TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway, and further contribute to the inflammatory response in NASH. Modulating the gut microbiota to reduce inflammation could prevent the progression of NASH. In this study, a mouse model of NASH was generated by methionine and choline deficient diet (MCD) and treated with QRQZ. First, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of QRQZ on liver injury and inflammation in the NASH mice. Second, the changes in the gut microbiota diversity and abundance in each group of mice were measured through 16S rRNA sequencing. Finally, the effects of QRQZ on gut mucosal permeability, endotoxemia, and liver TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway levels were examined. Our results showed that QRQZ significantly reduced the lipid accumulation in liver and the liver injury in NASH mice. In addition, QRQZ treatment decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in liver. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that QRQZ affected the diversity of gut microbiota and a f f e c t e d t h e r e l a t i v e a b u n d a n c e s o f D u b o s i e l l a , Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, and Blautiain NASH mice. Besides, QRQZ could increase the expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) in gut and decrease the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level in serum. Western blot results also showed that QRQZ treatment decreased the protein expression ofTLR4, MyD88 and the phosphorylation of IkB and NF-kBp65 and qPCR results showed that QRQZ treatment down-regulated the gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in liver. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that QRQZ could reduce the lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in NASH model mice. The mechanisms of QRQZ on NASH were associated with modulating gut microbiota, thereby inducing the tight junction of gut barrier, reducing the endotoxemia and inhibiting the activation of TLR4/NFkB signaling pathway in liver.

Investigation of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. as green lubricant in water-based drilling fluids

With the increasing exploration of unconventional wells, such as horizontal wells and complex wells, and the increasingly strict national environmental protection regulations, drilling fluid lubricants are in increasing demand. High-performance and environment-friendly lubricants for water-based drilling fluids are urgently needed. In this work, Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia L.) was investigated as a drilling fluid lubricant; the effects of Chinese yam slurry on drilling fluid lubricating properties at different temperatures were investigated and the compatibility and inhibitory properties of Chinese yam slurry were studied. The results show that the viscosity coefficient of the mud cake is reduced by 44.5% as 1.5% Chinese yam slurry was added to water-based drilling fluids. Chinese yam also has certain temperature resistance in drilling fluids, and it can inhibit the swelling of clay. Chinese yam slurry is competitively compatible with other drilling fluid additives, and the lubricity of modified drilling fluids can also be improved effectively. The lubrication mechanism of Chinese yam slurry was investigated through thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle tests.

Dioscorea oppositifolia plant extract reduces adipogenesis by down-regulating PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and FASN in 3T3L1 pro-adipocytes

BackgroundObesity is a major problem nowadays. It is a serious chronic disease associated with increased risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, gallstones, fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, oxidative stress, and inflammation-based pathologies in the human population. Throughout the Tropics, Dioscorea has strong ethnobotanical values. There are several accounts on the local claim on Dioscorea species worldwide. Some Dioscorea species have been investigated for their anti-obesity potential. PurposeThe study aimed to evaluate commonly used Dioscorea species for their anti-obesity potential. MethodIn the present study, four Dioscorea species were screened for anti-lipase and anti-adipogenic activity. Porcine pancreatic lipase enzyme and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with the methanolic and aqueous whole plant extracts of D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. pentaphylla, and D. oppositifolia. Both the D. pentaphylla and D. oppositifolia extracts were further evaluated for the gene expression investigation based on lipase inhibition and suppression of lipid accumulation in the cells. ResultsMethanolic and aqueous extracts of the D. pentaphylla can inhibit porcine pancreatic lipase. The methanolic and aqueous extracts of D. oppositifolia help to control adipocyte differentiation by suppressing mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding protein F1 (SREBP-F1), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). They also stimulate the carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) gene, which helps in lipid degradation. ConclusionIt can be conclude that methanolic and aqueous extract of D. oppositifolia down regulates adipogenic genes PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and FASN, while up regulate lipolytic gene CPT-1.

Research on anti-tumor natural product diosgenin

Diosgenin is widely distributed in many plants, such as Polygonatum sibiricum, Paris polyphylla, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Costus speciosus, Tacca chantrieri, which has good anti-tumor activity and preferable effects on preventing atherosclerosis, protecting the heart, treating diabetes, etc. This review combed through the anti-tumor mechanisms of diosgenin encompassing lung, breast, gallbladder, liver, oral cavity, stomach, bladder, bone marrow, etc. Besides, it was discovered that diosgenin mainly exerts its effect by inhibiting tumor cell migration, suppressing tumor cell proliferation and growth, and inducing cell apoptosis. However, problems like low yield and bioavailability frequently exist in natural diosgenin. This review introduced methods such as structural modification, dosage form optimization and combination medication to improve the yield and anti-tumor activity of diosgenin. Via the summary of this paper, it is expected to provide theoretical basis for the rational exploitation and utilization of diosgenin.

Assessment of behavioral changes and antitumor effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized using diosgenin in mice model

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely accepted for their physical, chemical and biological properties which could relate to their applications in medicine. Hence, these particles of the nano-regime could be a potential contender in search for novel medication with psychotherapeutic and antitumor potential. Considering this background, the objective of the present study was set to comparatively assess the anxiolytic, antidepressant and antitumor effects of AgNPs synthesized using diosgenin, a plant derived saponin of Dioscorea oppositifolia. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–Vis, FTIR, TEM, SEM, DLS and XRD. The AgNPs after characterization were tested at varying doses for their anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in Swiss albino mice. The mice spent more time in the open arm after treatment in elevated plus maze test (EPM). Significant dose dependent reduction in immobility time was observed in forced induced swimming test (FST). Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) was induced in vivo for analysing the antitumor effect of AgNPs. After treatment with AgNPs, a significant reduction was observed in the body weight of the tumor-induced mice. Analysis of hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation marker, liver and kidney function tests indicate the oncosuppressive effects of the AgNPs. This was evidently observed via the effective revival of all these parameters to near-normal after treatment with AgNPs at a dose of 10 mg/kg. To conclude, the findings of the present study indicate that AgNPs synthesized using diosgenin could be considered as a valuable candidate for use in and as anxiolytic, antidepressant and antitumor medications.

Quantitative Estimation of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Wild Tuberous Plants of Odisha, India

Tuberous plants are the source of many useful bioactive compounds. It is suggested that they may protect us against pathogens. Antioxidants play a major role to protect the cell from oxidative stress. The study was designed to examine the antioxidant properties and total phenol contents of methanol and acetone extracts of some common species of Yam found in Odisha, India, namely, Dioscorea belophylla, Dioscorea esculenta, Dioscorea glabra, Dioscorea oppositifolia, Dioscorea tomentosa, Dioscorea wallichii, Dioscorea hamiltonii, and Dioscorea hispida var. daemona. These tuberous plants were collected from peripheral areas of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Khurda, Cuttack, and Dhenkanal districts of Odisha, India. Phenolic compounds, tannin, and saponin are found as prime bioactive compounds in all tuber extracts of selected plants. The antioxidant activities were determined by 1-1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhydrazyne radical scavenging assay and metal chelating activities. The results of antioxidant activities showed their sound scavenging potential. The present study highlights the nutraceutical values of wild tuberous plants.

Evaluation of medicinal potential and antibacterial activity of selected plants against Streptococcus mutans

Article Details: Received: 2020-06-15 | Accepted: 2020-09-28 | Available online: 2021-03-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.01.9-15 The aim of the study is to screen the bioactive compounds (saponin, tannin, phenolic compounds, terpenoid & steroid) present in selected ethnomedicinal plants, Terminalia bellirica (fruits), Smilax zeylanica (leaves) and Dioscorea oppositifolia (fruits) from Odisha state, India. The single formulation was prepared using the selected plants parts in the ratio 1 : 6 : 3 respectively for quantitative analysis of tannin & total phenol, antioxidant activity and analysis of MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) against Streptococcus mutans causing bacteria of tooth decay. Results revealed that selected plant parts are rich source of bioactive compounds like tannin, phenolic compounds and saponin. The quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites showed highest concentration of tannin. It was noted that antioxidant activity is highest in methanol extract as compared to aqueous and acetone. MIC analysis also revealed that formulated powder had excellent antibacterial activity against S. mutans and it was observed the lowest values (450 µg ml-1) showed aqueous & methanol followed by acetone. The herbal formulation might be used to formulate new herbal products against tooth decay in near future. Keywords: antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, ethnomedicinal plants, secondary metabolites, tooth decay References ANDERSON, T. (2004). Dental treatment in medieval England. British Dental Journal, 197(7), 419–425. DESHMUKH, M.A. and THENG, M.A. (2018). Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis of primary secondary metabolites of Acacia aeabica bark. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research, 10(2), 35–37. DHANYA, S.V.S., et al. (2018). Preliminary phytochemical activity of Smilax zeylanica L. (Smilaceaceae). 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In vitro Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Inhibitory Effect by New Diphenylethane Isolated From Stems and Leaves of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. via ERβ-STAT3 Pathway.

Lung cancer is the most leading cause of cancer mortality throughout the world, of which about 85% cases comprise the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Estrogen and estrogen receptors are known to be involved in the pathogenesis and development of lung cancer. Dioscorea oppositifolia L. is a traditional Chinese medicine and a nutritious food, and can be an excellent candidate as an anti-cancer agent owing to its estrogen-like effects. However, the stems and leaves of D. oppositifolia L. are piled up in the field as a waste, causing environmental pollution and waste of resources. In the present study, a new diphenylethane (D1) was isolated from the stems and leaves of D. oppositifolia L. It was observed that D1 reduced the cell viability, migration, energy metabolism, and induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. Mechanistic studies showed that D1 reduced the STAT3 nuclear localization and downregulated the expression of the STAT3 target genes like Mcl-1, Bcl-xL and MMP-2 that are involved in the cell survival and mobility. Moreover, our results indicated that D1 exhibited estrogenic activities mediated by ERβ, and antagonising ERβ decreased the cytotoxic effect of D1 in A549 cells. In addition, inhibition of the nuclear translocation of STAT3 did not interfere with the binding of D1 and ERβ. However, after antagonizing ERβ, the nuclear translocation of STAT3 increased, thereby demonstrating that STAT3 was the downstream signaling molecule of ERβ. In conclusion, the D1 mediated anti-NSCLC in vitro effects or at least in part can be attributed to the ERβ-STAT3 signaling. Our findings suggest the role of D1 in treating NSCLC on a molecular level, and can help to improve the comprehensive utilization rate of D. oppositifolia L.

Effects of yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia L.) on growth performance, serum biochemical level and liver metabonomics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia L.), as an important traditional medicinal herb, has a functional impact upon anti-disease and strengthens immunity. In the present study, we conducted growth performance, serum biochemical level, metabonomics analysis of liver in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets including yam extract (0, 0.2 %, and 0.4 %) for 56 days, to identify yam extract-affected growth performance, serum biochemical level, liver metabolites and metabolic pathways. After the feeding experiment, there were no significant changes in weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in yam-supplemented groups. Albumin (ALB) and total protein (TP) contents, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities were increased, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were decreased in yam extract groups. Using VIP- values > 1 and P-value < 0.05 as the threshold, a total of 29 and 78 metabolites were significantly up-regulated in 0.2 % and 0.4 % yam extract group, respectively, while 14 and 74 metabolites were significantly down-regulated. Moreover, 18 overlap significantly discriminating metabolites in two comparisons were annotated to 8 metabolic pathways in KEGG analysis, 7 top significantly enriched pathways terms (P < 0.05) include Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, Autophagy-other, Autophagy-animal, Ferroptosis, Glutathione metabolism, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, and Cysteine and methionine metabolism. Results showed that yam extract has certain antioxidant and protective effects on liver of rainbow trout, and the mechanism of this effect may be related to the conversion of Glycerophosphoethanolamine to glycerophosphocholine, down-regulation of canavanine, glutathione metabolism and Cysteine and methionine metabolism pathways.

Effects of Chinese yam ( Dioscorea oppositifolia L .) dietary supplementation on intestinal microflora, digestive enzyme activity and immunity in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

Chinese yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia L.) extract is a product which concentrates many active ingredients. In this study, the effects of Chinese yam extract on the intestinal microbiota, digestive enzymes, and the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated. Fish were fed a basic diet (Con) and 0.1% (O1), 0.2% (O2) and 0.4% (O3) yam extract diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. After the feeding experiment, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Patescibacteria abundances at the phylum level in intestinal were significantly differential under the effect of yam respectively. Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phylum were significantly decreased in O1 group compared with control, while Patescibacteria was significantly increased in O3 group. Anaeroplasma, Candidatus_Saccharimonas, Ruminococcaceae_ UCG-014, Lactobacillus, Rikenella, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, [Eubacterium]_ coprostanoligenes_group, Bifidobacterium, Marvinbryantia and Uncultured abundances at the genus level were significantly differential under the effect of yam respectively. Bifidobacterium, Marvinbryantia and Candidatus_ Saccharimonas were significantly enriched in O3 group. KEGG and COG functional prediction on intestinal microflora revealed that yam has beneficial effects on metabolism, antibacterial and defence function. Serum immune factors and intestinal immune genes were significantly regulated in yam groups. In addition, yam also increased gastrointestinal digestive enzyme activities of rainbow trout. The results showed that yam could enhance gastrointestinal function, stimulate immunomodulatory effects, and induce intestinal microbiota changes, rendering beneficial effects to rainbow trout.

Transcriptomic responses to yam ( Dioscorea oppositifolia L .) extract dietary supplementation in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) liver

Infectious diseases in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been seen in rainbow trout farming industry. Yam (Dioscorea oppositifolia L.) has a functional impact upon anti-disease and strengthens immunity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms which occur in rainbow trout in response to yam will be useful to decrease disease-related morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we conducted transcriptome analysis of liver in rainbow trout fed diets including yam extract (0, 0.2% and 0.4%), to identify yam extract-induced genes and pathways. Over 451 million clean reads were obtained from nine liver libraries. Two comparisons were separately implemented between yam extract groups and control group. Using |log2Fold-change|>1 and p-value < .05 as the threshold, a total of 2,693 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified, including 1599 up-regulated and 1,094 down-regulated unigenes. The RNA-Seq results were verified by RT-qPCR. DEGs were classified into three categories by GO annotation and functional enrichment analysis: biological process (23 subclasses), cellular component (16 subclasses) and molecular function (16 subclasses). KEGG annotation and classifications of DEGs indicated endocrine system, immune system, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and signal transduction pathways include a large number of DEGs. In addition, 526 overlap DEGs in two comparisons were annotated to 174 pathways in KEGG analysis, 7 top significantly enriched pathway terms include chemokine signalling pathway, platelet activation, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, insulin signalling pathway, FoxO signalling pathway, cGMP-PKG signalling pathway and sphingolipid signalling pathway. These findings provide valuable information for further analysis of the disease resistance mechanisms of rainbow trout fed yam.

Two new norsesquiterpenoids with estrogenic activity from the stems and leaves of Dioscorea oppositifolia L

Two new norsesquiterpenoids, dioscopposin A (1) and dioscopposin B (2), as well as 21 known compounds (3–23) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations were deduced by the comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Estrogenic activity of all the isolated compounds were evaluated using MCF-7 cells proliferation assay and compounds 2, 3, 7, 13, 15, 16, 18 and 21 exhibited proliferation activity.

A new diphenylethane and a new dibenz[b,f]oxepin with estrogenic activity from the stems and leaves of Dioscorea oppositifolia L

A new diphenylethane, 2′,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxybibenzyl (1), and a new dibenz[b,f]oxepin, 10,11-dihydro-2-methoxydibenz[b,f]oxepin-4-ol (2), as well as eight known compounds (3–10) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Dioscorea oppositifolia L. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. Estrogenic activity of all isolated compounds were evaluated using a proliferation assay in MCF-7 cells. Compounds 1, 3, 7, 9, and 10 increased the proliferation of MCF-7 cell and the expression of ERβ in the MCF-7 cell line. In addition, blockage of ERβ completely abolished cell proliferation and expression of ERβ in MCF-7cells, suggesting that the proliferation effects of Compounds 1, 3, 7, 9, and 10 were ERβ-mediated. The diphenylethanes might belong to undescribed phytoestrogens.

Characterization of Pharmacognostical and Preliminary Phytochemical Features of Tubers of Dioscorea oppositifolica L.

Journal of Ayurveda Medical Sciences,2018,3,3,413-419.DOI:10.5530/jams.2018.3.21Published:April 2019Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Ravikrishna Sagri, Shrikanth Padigar, Tantrady Shridhara Bairy, and Suchitra Narayan Prabhu Author(s) affiliations:Ravikrishna Sagri *, Shrikanth Padigar, Tantrady Shridhara Bairy, Suchitra Narayan Prabhu1 Department of Dravyaguna, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital, 1Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Sri Dharmathala Manjunatheshara Centre for Research in Ayurveda and Allied Sciences, Kuthpady, Udupi 574118, India. Abstract:Introduction: Ayurveda opines that the plants which are grown in one’s own vicinity should be used for food and medicinal needs, though beneficial either as food or as medicine there are many less explored plants. Rare knowledge on folklore plants is passed on from generations to generations traditionally. One such plant is Dioscorea oppositifolia L. (Dioscoreaceae) found frequently in and around Udupi locally known as Kaadu genasu. The plant is large climber with numerous cylindrical tubers which are consumed as food as it is very nutritive and used as food during famine. On account of these utilities of this less explored plant material, a detailed pharmacognostical study including macro and microscopy was conducted. Methods: Tubers of D. oppositifolia L. was subjected to organoleptic, macro microscopic, physicochemical, HPTLC , nutritional values assessment, characterization employing standard methodology mentioned in pharmacopoeia and other herbal analysis protocols. Results: The matured tubers of D. oppositifolia L. is on an average 25 cm in length 3 to 4 cm in diameter; cylindrically elongated; outer surface is off white with lot of rootlets and cut inner surface is white and mucilaginous. TS of tuber consists of 3 to 5 layers of thin-walled cork cells, followed by cortex formed from thin-walled parenchyma having lot of starch grains; ground tissue consists of parenchyma cells consisting of cells with contents, starch grains and acicular crystals; endodermis layer which is distinct is present following cortex; groups of scattered vascular bindles, comprising of vessels with crown of phloem patches occur towards the inner regions. Preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, carbohydrates and saponins. HPTLC photo documentation showed. No spot under short UV, 4 bands under long UV and 5 bands under white light after derivatisation with vanillin sulphuric acid reagent. Conclusion: Results of this study can be utilized for identification of the drug as well as systematic document on purity standards of this extra pharmacopoeial drug. Keywords:Dioscoreaceae, Folklore, Kaadu genasu, Pharmacopoeia, StandardizationView:PDF (2.92 MB)

Multicomponent analysis and activities for evaluation of Dioscorea oppositifolia and Dioscorea hamiltonii

ABSTRACTDioscorea oppositifolia (Chinese yam) (DO) and Dioscorea hamiltonii (DH) are the plants of the genus Dioscorea and they are used as health food and traditional Chinese medicine. In order to development of the available DO and DH source, a comparative study of principal components and activities were carried on. DO and DH was qualitatively and quantitively profiled, and we comparatively evaluated their antioxidant (reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (xylene-induced ear oedema test) and nonspecific immune regulating (carbon clearance test) activities. The 42 and 38 compounds were detected from DO and DH by the method UPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS/MS, respectively, as well as 14 compounds are quantified by HPLC and the methodology was examined. This is the first study of the composition and activities of DH, it also indicates that DO and DH consumption would be beneficial to the health. They may be useful in the production of functional food containing an efficacious dose.

Tuber Wild Plants of Shinasha People as Food and Medicine in Bullen District, Northwest of Ethiopia

Bullen district is noted for its rich diversity of plant species apart from wetlands to flood plains serving the habitat requirement of several inhabitant communities and is unique in its nature by having rich diversity of wild edible plants A number of cultivated tuber food plants such as Qocho Dioscorea cayenensis Anchote Coccinia abyssinica Sekuar Dinich Ipomoea batatas Dinich Plectranthus edulis Zingibil Zingiberof ficiaale and Godere Colocasia esculanta etc having their wild relatives such as Colocasia esculenta Curcuma bulbifera Dioscorea prehensilis Dioscorea hispida and Dioscorea oppositifolia etc are present in the district The present survey encompasses documentation previous of wild tuberous plant species belonging to family and genera tabulated with botanical name local name and family habit and habitat mode of consumption and medicinal uses

Analysis of nutrient composition and phytochemicals of wild yams Dioscorea pentaphylla L. and Dioscorea oppositifolia Griseb.

Yam is common name for the genus Dioscorea and considered as good sources of essential dietary nutrients. It has nutritional superiority over the tropical root crops. Understanding the nutritional values of yams, the nutrient contents of two yams, Dioscorea pentaphylla and Dioscorea oppositifolia have been analysed in the present study. During the study, the higher amount of moisture, crude protein, nitrogen, free sugars and buffer protein were estimated and analysed. The rich carbohydrate and calorific value, higher amount of fat and amino acids were observed in D. pentaphylla as compared to D. oppositifolia. The crude fiber and ash contents were comparatively higher in D. oppositifolia. Preliminary phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenol, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpinoids in methanolic extract of both tubers.