Examination of type material of Ligustrum tsoongii Merr. (for the loan of which I am grateful to the authorities at Harvard Herbaria) reveals that it is a species of Olea. B. M. Maio also realized this and in his account of the genus in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 61: 133 (1992) treats it as a synonym of 0. dioica Roxb. However, that Indian species with its wide, abruptly acuminate, chartaceous leaves, with deeply impressed venation above, does not occur in China, and material from there bearing this name has all been misidentified. Lzgustrum tsoongii turns out to be conspecific with Oleayuennanensis Hand.-Mazz. which was described some 14 years later, and although the latter name has been used in the Flora cited above, the former has priority, necessitating the following new combination.