Diode Reverse-recovery Problem Research Articles

Interleaved High Step-Up Converter With Winding-Cross-Coupled Inductors and Voltage Multiplier Cells

The concept of winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) and voltage multiplier cells is integrated to derive a novel interleaved high step-up converter in this paper. The voltage gain is extended and the switch voltage stress is reduced by the WCCIs and the voltage multiplier cells in the presented circuit, which minimizes the peak current ripple of the power devices and makes low-voltage MOSFETs with high performance available in high step-up and high output voltage applications. Moreover, the output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated by the leakage inductance of the WCCIs, which reduces the reverse-recovery losses. Zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on is realized for the power switches to reduce the switching losses. Furthermore, the voltage spikes on the MOSFETs are clamped and the leakage energy is recycled by the voltage multiplier cells, when the switch turns off. A 1 kW prototype with 35-45 V input and 380 V output operating at 50 kHz switching frequency is built and tested to verify the significant improvements of the proposed converter.

Research on Dual Buck Half Bridge Five-Level Inverter for Rooftop Solar System

This paper presents a novel design for dual buck half bridge five-level inverter (DBHBFLI), which based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and was used for photovoltaic power system. This topology is derived from dual buck half bridge inverter (DBHBI), which has the characteristics of no shoot-through problem, no body diode reverse-recovery problem, and current half-period work mode, these merits are retained in the proposed inverter. FPGA logic device is chosen for the hardware implementation of control circuit. The FPGA controller consists of six main modules: the sine wave generator module, the triangle wave generator module, the voltage proportion integration (PI) module, the current proportion (P) module, sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) module, and SPWM distribution module. VHDL is used in the design of each module. The simulation and experiment results which confirm the validity and performance of the design are shown in the paper.

Zero-voltage transition interleaved high step-up converter with built-in transformer

A non-isolated zero-voltage transition interleaved high step-up converter with built-in transformer is proposed for high step-up and large current applications. The proposed converter consists of an interleaved structure, a built-in transformer and two sets of active clamp circuits. The built-in transformer can provide high voltage conversion ratio and increase the system efficiency without an extreme duty cycle compared with the conventional boost converter. The leakage inductance of the built-in transformer removes the output diode reverse-recovery problem, which results in low reverse-recovery losses. The active clamp scheme can suppress the surge voltage of the power MOSFETs and recycle the leakage energy, which is helpful to improve the circuit efficiency and reliability. Furthermore, zero-voltage switching soft switching performance is achieved for both the main and the clamp switches during the whole switching transition, which reduces the switching losses. The operation principle of the converter is analysed and verified. At last, some experimental results of a 1 kW prototype with 48 V input and 380 V output are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

Analysis, Design, and Experimentation of an Isolated ZVT Boost Converter With Coupled Inductors

A novel isolated zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) boost converter with coupled inductors is proposed in this paper to satisfy the high power, high step-up, and isolated requirements. In the proposed converter, the input-parallel configuration is adopted to share the large input current and to reduce the conduction losses, while the output-series structure is employed to double the output voltage gain. Consequently, a transformer with a low turns ratio can be applied, which makes the transformer design and optimize easily. Moreover, the active clamp circuits are employed to reduce the switch voltage stress and to recycle the energy stored in the leakage inductance. The ZVT is achieved during the whole switching transition for all the active switches, so the switching losses can be reduced greatly. Furthermore, the diode reverse-recovery problem is partly solved due to the leakage inductance. In addition, the magnetic integration technology is applied to improve the efficiency and to reduce the magnetic component size. Finally, a 48-V input 380-V output 1-kW prototype operating with 100-kHz switching frequency is built and tested to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed converter.

An Efficient High-Step-Up Interleaved DC–DC Converter With a Common Active Clamp

This paper presents a high-efficiency and high-step-up nonisolated interleaved dc-dc converter with a common active-clamp circuit. In the presented converter, the coupled-inductor boost converters are interleaved. A boost converter is used to clamp the voltage stresses of all the switches in the interleaved converters, caused by the leakage inductances present in the practical coupled inductors, to a low voltage level. The leakage energies of the interleaved converters are collected in a clamp capacitor and recycled to the output by the clamp boost converter. The proposed converter achieves high efficiency because of the recycling of the leakage energies, reduction of the switch voltage stress, mitigation of the output diode's reverse recovery problem, and interleaving of the converters. Detailed analysis and design of the proposed converter are carried out. A prototype of the proposed converter is developed, and its experimental results are presented for validation.

Inherent clamp flyback–buck converter with winding cross-coupled inductors

An isolated interleaved buck-type converter is deduced by inserting a third winding of the coupled inductor to each phase of the interleaved flyback converter. By making some topology modifications and adding one small clamp capacitor, the existed power switches of the derived flyback-buck converter can serve as the clamp switches for the interleaved phase to absorb the leakage energy of the coupled inductor and to reduce the switch turn-off voltage stress, which simplifies the circuit configuration and improves the circuit reliability. Furthermore, the current falling rate of the output diodes is limited by the leakage inductance to alleviate the output diode reverse-recovery problem. Finally, a 160-W 200-V-input 15-V-output prototype is built and tested to verify the improved performance of the proposed converter.

Interleaved Converter With Voltage Multiplier Cell for High Step-Up and High-Efficiency Conversion

A novel interleaved high step-up converter with voltage multiplier cell is proposed in this paper to avoid the extremely narrow turn-off period and to reduce the current ripple, which flows through the power devices compared with the conventional interleaved boost converter in high step-up applications. Interleaved structure is employed in the input side to distribute the input current, and the voltage multiplier cell is adopted in the output side to achieve a high step-up gain. The voltage multiplier cell is composed of the secondary windings of the coupled inductors, a series capacitor, and two diodes. Furthermore, the switch voltage stress is reduced due to the transformer function of the coupled inductors, which makes low-voltage-rated MOSFETs available to reduce the conduction losses. Moreover, zero-current-switching turn- on soft-switching performance is realized to reduce the switching losses. In addition, the output diode turn-off current falling rate is controlled by the leakage inductance of the coupled inductors, which alleviates the diode reverse recovery problem. Additional active device is not required in the proposed converter, which makes the presented circuit easy to design and control. Finally, a 1-kW 40-V-input 380-V-output prototype operating at 100 kHz switching frequency is built and tested to verify the effectiveness of the presented converter.

Design and Analysis of an Interleaved Flyback–Forward Boost Converter With the Current Autobalance Characteristic

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An interleaved flyback–forward boost converter is proposed in this paper. The switched capacitors are used to realize the controllable voltage source function and balance the currents of the interleaved two phases without an additional current-sharing module. Voltage lift function of the switched capacitor also reduces the turns ratio of the transformers and alleviates the voltage stresses of the output diodes. As the transformers operate in flyback and forward modes alternately, part of the output energy is stored in the switched capacitors; therefore, the size of magnetic components can be reduced. Since the current falling rates of the clamping and output diodes, when they turn off, are controlled by the leakage inductance, the diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated. Active clamp circuits are applied for the interleaved two phases to recycle the leakage energy and absorb the voltage spikes caused by the leakage inductance. The experimental results based on a 1kW 48 to 380 V dc/dc prototype verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis. </para>

High step-up soft switching interleaved boost converters with cross-winding-coupled inductors and reduced auxiliary switch number

An interleaved boost converter is proposed to extend the voltage gain and to reduce the switch voltage stress compared with the conventional interleaved boost converter in high step-up applications. With the topology variation, only one set of active clamp circuit is necessary for the interleaved two phases to recycle the leakage energy and to absorb the voltage spikes caused by the leakage inductance of the winding-coupled inductors. Both the main switches and the clamp switch of the proposed converter are ZVT soft switching performances during the whole switching transition, which minimises the switching losses. The output diode turn-off current falling rate is controlled by the leakage inductance, which alleviates the output diode reverse-recovery problem and reduces the relative reverse-recovery losses. The experimental results based on a 40-380-V DC/DC prototype verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.

A Cost-Effective Sustain Power Conversion Scheme for Plasma Display Panels

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents a cost-effective sustain power conversion scheme for the plasma display panel (PDP). A new energy-recovery (ER) circuit is proposed for a low-cost sustain driver. As a parallel-resonant type ER circuit, it can recover the energy stored in the PDP without the interconnection of the sustaining and scanning electrodes. It has a simple structure and fewer power devices, providing a lower cost of production. In addition, a high efficiency sustain power supply is proposed to provide a constant sustain voltage for the sustain driver. It achieves zero-current turn-off of the output diode, alleviating the diode reverse-recovery problems. The sustain power efficiency is increased by reducing the switching power loss. Therefore, the cost and power consumption of the PDP can be improved. The proposed circuits are theoretically analyzed in detail. The experimental results based on a 32-in PDP are presented to confirm the validity of the proposed circuits. </para>

ZVT Interleaved Boost Converters with Built-In Voltage Doubler and Current Auto-Balance Characteristic

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An interleaved boost converter with coupled inductors and switched capacitors is proposed in this paper. The switched capacitors are used to realize the inherent voltage-double function that increases the voltage gain and reduces the voltage stress of the switch greatly. Therefore, the low-conduction resistance and low-voltage-rated switches can be applied to improve the efficiency of this topology. Moreover, the load current can automatically be equally shared by each phase as a consequence of the switched capacitors adopted in the output stage. Active clamp circuits are applied for the interleaved two phases to recycle the leakage energy and absorb the voltage spikes caused by the leakage inductance. Both the main and the clamping switches are zero-voltage transition (ZVT) switches during the whole switching transition that reduce the switching losses. The current falling rates of the clamping diodes and output diodes are controlled by the leakage inductance so that the diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated. The experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis based on a 48- to- 380-V dc/dc prototype. </para>

A Family of Isolated Interleaved Boost and Buck Converters With Winding-Cross-Coupled Inductors

A boost-type converter is derived by inserting a third winding of the winding-cross-coupled inductors (WCCIs) between the secondary winding and the output diode of the interleaved flyback converter in this paper. A family of isolated interleaved boost or buck DC/DC converters with WCCIs is summarized by employing the four main types of interleaved structures, which is suitable for step-up or step-down isolated distribution power systems. Then, an interleaved flyback-boost converter with WCCIs and an active clamp circuit is analyzed as an example to explore the advantages of the derived converters. The active clamp scheme is adopted to recycle the leakage energy and to suppress the turn-off voltage spikes on MOSFETs. And only one set of active clamp circuit is necessary for the interleaved two phases. Zero voltage transition (ZVT) soft switching performances are achieved for all MOSFETs during the whole switching transition. Furthermore, the output diode turn-off current falling rate is controlled by the inherent leakage inductance of the WCCIs, and the output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated. A clear picture is made in this paper of the general law and structure of the isolated interleaved dc/dc converters with WCCIs. At last, a 650 W prototype with 48 V-to-180 V is built and tested to verify the theoretical analysis in this paper.

Bridgeless dual-boost rectifier with reduced diode reverse-recovery problems for power-factor correction

A bridgeless dual-boost rectifier with reduced diode reverse-recovery problems is proposed for power-factor correction (PFC). In the proposed rectifier, conduction losses are lowered by essentially eliminating the full-bridge diode rectifier. The body diodes of the power switches are utilised as output diodes. A coupled inductor is designed to reduce the reverse-recovery problems of the body diodes. Zero-current switching is realised when the body diodes are turned off. In addition, for the use of this topology in a practical design, a control strategy is suggested by employing the linear peak current mode (LPCM) control. The LPCM control is implemented on leading-edge modulation, providing an efficient control scheme to obtain a high power-factor. The proposed rectifier is investigated theoretically and its design considerations are provided in detail. Finally, the experimental results based on a 500 W prototype are discussed to evaluate the performance of the proposed rectifier for a PFC circuit.

An Efficient Power-Factor Correction Scheme for Plasma Display Panels

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents an efficient power-factor correction (PFC) scheme for plasma display panels (PDPs) to reduce harmonic currents and power consumption. A high-efficiency interleaved boost converter is proposed, which can reduce the conduction losses and diode reverse-recovery problems in the continuous-conduction-mode operation. A zero-current switching (ZCS) condition is obtained to solve the reverse-recovery problems of the output diodes. In addition, a control strategy is suggested for the use of the proposed converter in a practical design. A high power factor can be achieved without sensing the input voltage. The analysis of the proposed converter and its design considerations are presented in detail. The experimental results based on a 600-W prototype are discussed to evaluate the proposed converter for a PFC circuit in a 50-in PDP power supply unit. </para>

An Interleaved Winding-Coupled Boost Converter With Passive Lossless Clamp Circuits

An interleaved winding-coupled boost converter is proposed in order to realize ZCS turn-on condition and to achieve high step-up gain. The voltage gain is extended easily and the voltage stress on the switches is reduced with different turns ratios of the coupled inductors. The output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated due to the inherent leakage inductor of the winding-coupled inductors. The simple but effective passive lossless clamp circuits are introduced to limit the voltage stress on the switches when they turn off so that the low-voltage, high-performance devices with low conduction resistor can be used in the proposed converter to reduce the relative losses. The leakage energy is ultimately recovered to the load. The high efficiency of 90.7% at full load and the maximum efficiency of 92.6% are achieved in a 1-kW 40-V-input-to-380-V-output prototype for front-end application. There is more than 10% efficiency improvement with the passive lossless clamp circuits compared to the case with RCD dissipated snubbers. The efficiency of 5% improvement at full load is achieved with the proposed converter with passive lossless circuits compared to the conventional interleaved boost converter.

Bridgeless Boost Rectifier With Low Conduction Losses and Reduced Diode Reverse-Recovery Problems

A bridgeless boost rectifier with low conduction losses and reduced diode reverse-recovery problems is proposed for power-factor correction. The proposed boost rectifier can reduce the conduction losses and alleviate the diode reverse-recovery problems by using a coupled inductor and two additional diodes. Zero-current turn-off of the output diodes is achieved, and the reverse-recovery currents of the additional diodes are slowed down to reduce the diode reverse-recovery losses. All inductive components are realized on a single magnetic core by utilizing the leakage inductance of the coupled inductor. Furthermore, for the use of this topology in the practical design, the linear peak current mode control is employed for the proposed boost rectifier. A detailed analysis and a control strategy are presented. Experimental results for a 300-W prototype are also discussed to show the performance of the proposed boost rectifier

ZVT interleaved boost converters for high-efficiency, high step-up DC–DC conversion

The narrow turn-off period of the conventional boost converters limits their applications in high step-up DC-DC conversion. The voltage gain is extended without an extreme duty-cycle by the winding-coupled inductor structure. However, the leakage inductance induces large voltage spikes when the switch turns off. An active-clamp circuit is introduced here to clamp the switch turn-off voltage spikes effectively and to recycle the leakage energy. Both the main switches and the auxiliary switches are ZVT during the whole switching transition. Meanwhile, the output diode reverse-recovery problem is alleviated because the leakage inductance of the coupled inductors is in series with the output diode. Furthermore, a family of ZVT interleaved boost converters for high efficiency and high step-up DC-DC conversion is deduced. The experimental results based on 40-380 V front-end applications verify the significant improvements in efficiency