Diode Module Research Articles

Demonstration of normally OFF beta-gallium oxide monolithic bidirectional switch for AC switching applications

In this work, we report on the beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) monolithic bidirectional switch. The as-fabricated switch works on enhancement mode operation with a threshold voltage of ∼4 V. Maximum drain current density of 1.93 mA/mm is obtained with a drain voltage of 5 V. The bidirectional switch in a bidirectional mode has an ON/OFF current ratio of ∼107 with ON-resistance of 1.11 and 1.09 kΩ · mm in forward and reverse direction, respectively. However, in diode mode, the device shows an ON/OFF current ratio of 1.6 × 108 and 1.4 × 108 in forward and reverse conduction modes, respectively. The fabricated β-Ga2O3 monolithic bidirectional switch is then used to chop a 60 Hz Alternating Current signal at a chopping frequency of 1 kHz, indicating its potential applications in a range of converters.

Utilization of Optical OFDM Modulation on Blue LED VLC Datacom Without Equalization for 4 m Wireless Link

To achieve higher visible light communication (VLC) traffic capacity, using the wide bandwidth light-emitting diode (LED) and spectral efficiency modulation signal, is currently the most commonly used method. In this demonstration, we apply the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing quadrature amplitude modulation (OFDM-QAM) with bit- and power-loading algorithm on single blue LED to achieve >1 Gbit/s VLC capacity, when a 400 MHz bandwidth avalanche photodiode (APD)-based receiver (Rx) is exploited for decoding. Here, the higher sensitivity APD can be applied to compensate for the wireless VLC link length in the proposed LED VLC system, and due to the lower LED illumination (255 to 40 lux), is used for the indoor access network after passing the wireless link length of 1 to 4 m. As a result, using single blue LED can achieve 0.962 to 1.057 Gbit/s OFDM rate with available 400 MHz bandwidth APD in poorly illuminated condition indoors without applying analogy equalization.

Influence of solid loading on microstructure evolution and thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride ceramics fabricated by digital light processing 3D printing

Efficient thermal management is essential to reduce hot spot temperature of high-power opto-electronic components and improve their working efficiency. In this work, AlN ceramics with high density and thermal conductivity properties were fabricated using a joint process of digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing and micro-pressure-assisted sintering method. Effects of solid loading on microstructure evolution and thermal properties of the ceramics were systematically discussed. AlN ceramic mini-channel heat sinks were designed and fabricated using the optimized DLP 3D printing and sintering parameters. The thermal management performances of the ceramic heat sinks were evaluated by investigating the optoelectronic property of the encapsulated laser diode module. Results indicated that the laser diode module could be long-timely operated at full driven power. This study provided a new strategy for fabricating high performance AlN ceramics with complex configurations and highlighted the technical potential of AlN ceramic heat sink with compact coolant channels.

679/339.5 nm radiation generation of pr: YLF laser pumped by fiber coupled blue laser diode module

679/339.5 nm radiation generation of pr: YLF laser pumped by fiber coupled blue laser diode module

High beam quality, high brightness dense spectral beam combining of 650 nm laser diode module

Dense spectral beam combining (DSBC) of a laser diode module at a wavelength of 650 nm was realized for what we believe to be the first time. In this paper, the optimal spectral locking interval range for the 650 nm wavelength band was obtained by stimulation. A DSBC device containing 19 single emitters was designed and built according to the optimal spectral interval. The output power of the combining beam reached 17.74 W, and the stable spectral width was 4.75 nm. The beam quality factors (M2) in the fast-axis and slow-axis directions were basically the same as that of the single emitter, and even slightly optimized in the slow-axis direction. The beam brightness of the DSBC beam was about 123.395 MW·cm−2·sr−1, which was about fourteen times higher than that of the single emitter output.

A tree seed algorithm with multi-strategy for parameter estimation of solar photovoltaic models

Tree seed algorithm, which is one of the metaheuristics algorithms recently proposed for the solution of continuous optimization problems, has an effective algorithmic structure inspired by the relation between trees and seeds. At the same time, the use of two different solution generation mechanisms by depending on the control parameter in TSA aims to balance the exploration and exploitation capabilities of the algorithm. However, when the structure of the algorithm is examined in detail, it is seen that there are some disadvantages such as loss of population diversity and getting stuck in local minimums. To overcome these disadvantages in the basic algorithm, three different approaches (self-adaptive weighting mechanism, chaotic elite learning approach and experience-based learning method) were proposed to TSA under the name of multi-strategies in this study. The algorithm improved with these approaches is named as the multi-strategy-based tree seed algorithm (MS-TSA). MS-TSA was first tested on CEC2017 functions. Then MS-TSA was applied to the problems in the CEC2020 competition and compared with the results of the best performing algorithms in this competition. As a result of the comparisons, MS-TSA was found to be a competitive method on solving benchmark functions. Then, parameter estimation of single diode, double diode and photovoltaic module models using the input data of various solar panels was carried out by the MS-TSA. The results obtained with MS-TSA were compared with both the results of the basic TSA and the results of well-known algorithms in the literature. The results obtained are 9.8642E-04, 9.8356E-04, 2.4251E-03, 1.7534E-03 respectively. As a result of the comparative analysis, the lowest RMSE value was obtained by MS-TSA. In addition, comprehensive performance analyzes of the algorithms were made with the convergence curve, boxplots, current (I) - voltage (V) and power (P) - voltage (V) characteristic curves obtained according to the experimental results. As a result of the experiments and analyses, MS-TSA was found to be a more successful method than the compared algorithms in parameter estimation of PV models.

Nanostructured aramid fiber/Cu/BN composite Janus films with broadband electromagnetic interference shielding and superior thermally conductive/electrically insulating performance

Modern electronic technology necessitates the development of composite materials with effective electromagnetic protection. This work presents a novel strategy constructing an aramid nanofiber (ANF)-based Janus film (ANF@Cu-ANF/BN) using an electroless plating-vacuum assisted filtration-pressing technique. The film exhibits an unique asymmetric property profile, with one side being electrically conductive and thermally conductive/electrically insulating on the other. Exceptional EMI shielding effectiveness of 105.22 and 106.96 dB is obtained in the 8.2–12.4 GHz and 26.5–40 GHz ranges, respectively. In addition, the film demonstrates an impressive out-of-plane thermal conductivity of 2.703 W/(m·K). suggesting superior thermal management capabilities when integrated into heat sinks for high-power light-emitting diode modules. In terms of mechanical robustness, the film possesses a tensile strength of 14.31 MPa. The ANF@Cu-ANF/BN Janus composite films effectively harmonize electromagnetic shielding, thermal conductivity, and mechanical integrity, offering an innovative pathway of developing advanced materials that fulfill the stringent requirements of modern electronic devices.

ULiDR: An inertial-assisted unmodulated visible light positioning system for smartphone-based pedestrian navigation

Visible Light Positioning (VLP) techniques have attracted considerable attention owing to their cost-effectiveness, high precision, and ubiquitous infrastructure. However, conventional VLP demands supplementary hardware for Light Emitting Diode (LED) modulation, which entails retrofitting existing indoor light systems for positioning applications. Thus, it is costly for wide-scale adoption. Moreover, the built-in Photodiodes (PDs) in smartphones can only provide a limited sampling rate (around 10 Hz), making it challenging to identify LEDs and extract each LED’s light intensity by Frequency Division Multiplexing and Fast Fourier Transform. To alleviate these problems, we develop a novel inertial-aided Unmodulated Visible Light Positioning system (uLiDR) for resource-constrained platforms like smartphones. Firstly, we evaluate the feasibility of unmodulated LED for precise ranging using smartphones. Next, we introduce a selective fusion strategy to mitigate LED occlusion in pedestrian navigation. As slight tilts of the phone are unavoidable during walking, we leverage attitude information calculated by the built-in sensors to handle the phone’s tilt in VLP. Then, we implement the tightly-coupled integration of uVLP and Pedestrian Dead Reckoning (PDR) in an optimization-based framework. The initial location is vital for PDR, and thereby, we proposed an Angle of Arrival (AoA)-based method to provide a precise initial location estimation for PDR. Experimental results show that the proposed uLiDR can achieve precise pedestrian navigation and effectively suppress the error accumulation of PDR.

Realization of all-optical hybrid photonic diode and all-optical modulation through spatial self-phase modulation utilizing solution-processed chalcogenide glass as nonlinear optical materials

This study represents the first investigation into the nonlinear optical response of Ge25Sb5Se70 chalcogenide glass colloid using the spatial self-phase modulation technique with a 403 nm laser beam. Spatial self-phase modulation patterns were recorded within the glass colloid at different input powers, and the optical parameters were measured. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the first-ever realization of an all-optical chalcogenide glass/titanium oxide hybrid photonic diode through the unidirectional excitation of spatial self-phase modulation patterns. All-optical modulation in chalcogenide glass colloids through spatial self-phase modulation employing multiple wavelengths (403 nm and 632.8 nm) was also demonstrated. These findings suggest promising applications of chalcogenide glass-based photonic devices in nonlinear optics, particularly in areas such as all-optical switching and signal processing.

Morphological and Pigment Responses to Far-Red and Photosynthetically Active Radiation in an Olive Cultivar Suitable for Super-High-Density Orchards.

Plant density is increasing in modern olive orchards to improve yields and facilitate mechanical harvesting. However, greater density can reduce light quantity and modify its quality. The objective was to evaluate plant morphology, biomass, and photosynthetic pigments under different red/far-red ratios and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) combinations in an olive cultivar common to super-high-density orchards. In a greenhouse, young olive trees (cv. Arbequina) were exposed to low (L) or high (H) PAR with or without lateral FR supplementation (L+FR, L-FR, H+FR, H-FR) using neutral-density shade cloth and FR light-emitting diode (LED) modules. Total plant and individual organ biomass were much lower in plants under low PAR than under high PAR, with no response to +FR supplementation. In contrast, several plant morphological traits, such as main stem elongation, individual leaf area, and leaf angle, did respond to both low PAR and +FR. Total chlorophyll content decreased with +FR when PAR was low, but not when PAR was high (i.e., a significant FR*PAR interaction). When evaluating numerous plant traits together, a greater response to +FR under low PAR than under high PAR appeared to occur. These findings suggest that consideration of light quality in addition to quantity facilitates a fuller understanding of olive tree responses to a light environment. The +FR responses found here could lead to changes in hedgerow architecture and light distribution within the hedgerow.

Rational Design of Nitride Phosphor-In-Glass with Robust Stability and Photoluminescence Performance.

Phosphor-in-glass represents a promising avenue for merging the luminous efficiency of high-quality phosphor and the thermal stability of a glass matrix. Undoubtedly, the glass matrix system and its preparation are pivotal factors in achieving high stability and preserving the original performance of embedded phosphor particles. In contrast to the well-established commercial Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ oxide phosphor, red nitride phosphor, which plays a critical role in high-quality lighting, exhibits greater structural instability during the high-temperature synthesis of inorganic glasses. A telluride glass with a refractive index (RI = 2.15@615 nm) akin to that of nitride phosphor (∼2.19) has been devised, demonstrating high efficiency in photon utilization. The lower glass-transition temperature plays a crucial role in safeguarding phosphor particles against erosion resulting from exposure to high-temperature melts. Phosphor-in-glass retains 93% of the quantum efficiency observed for pure phosphor. The assembled white light-emitting diodes module has precise color tuning capabilities, achieving an optimal color rendering index of 93.7, a luminous efficacy of 80.4 lm/W, and a correlated color temperature of 5850 K. These outcomes hold potential for advancing the realm of inorganic package and high-quality white light illumination.

Novel fast-switching P-poly trench collector reverse conducting IGBT with different N-buffer position

A novel fast-switching P-poly trench collector reverse-conducting insulated gate bipolar transistor (RC-IGBT) with different N-buffer position (DBP) is proposed and investigated. Firstly, the N-buffer on P-poly Trench-Collector (TC) not on P+ and N+ collector will unaffected realize snapback-free with and without interface charge exist in the forward conduction. Secondly, N-buffer on TC can keep the fast extraction channel to the N+ collector open all the time, so that the ultralow turn-off loss (EOFF) can be achieved in IGBT mode, and the reverse recovery charge (Qrr) can be reduced in diode mode. Thirdly, N-buffer on TC makes the electric field distribution more uniform during forward blocking, thus further improving the breakdown voltage (BV). Fourth, N-buffer on TC can also provide more electrons to reduce forward peak recovery voltage (VFRM) during diode forward recovery mode. Compared with PNTC RC-IGBT, the proposed RC-IGBT enjoys lager breakdown voltage, and can reduce VFRM by 83%, Qrr by 27%, and the EOFF by 36%.

Efficient parameter extraction of photovoltaic models with a novel enhanced prairie dog optimization algorithm

The growing demand for solar energy conversion underscores the need for precise parameter extraction methods in photovoltaic (PV) plants. This study focuses on enhancing accuracy in PV system parameter extraction, essential for optimizing PV models under diverse environmental conditions. Utilizing primary PV models (single diode, double diode, and three diode) and PV module models, the research emphasizes the importance of accurate parameter identification. In response to the limitations of existing metaheuristic algorithms, the study introduces the enhanced prairie dog optimizer (En-PDO). This novel algorithm integrates the strengths of the prairie dog optimizer (PDO) with random learning and logarithmic spiral search mechanisms. Evaluation against the PDO, and a comprehensive comparison with eighteen recent algorithms, spanning diverse optimization techniques, highlight En-PDO’s exceptional performance across different solar cell models and CEC2020 functions. Application of En-PDO to single diode, double diode, three diode, and PV module models, using experimental datasets (R.T.C. France silicon and Photowatt-PWP201 solar cells) and CEC2020 test functions, demonstrates its consistent superiority. En-PDO achieves competitive or superior root mean square error values, showcasing its efficacy in accurately modeling the behavior of diverse solar cells and performing optimally on CEC2020 test functions. These findings position En-PDO as a robust and reliable approach for precise parameter estimation in solar cell models, emphasizing its potential and advancements compared to existing algorithms.

Ultrafast underwater self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer via dynamic hydrophobic-hydrolytic domains

The development of advanced materials capable of autonomous self-healing and mechanical stimulus sensing in aquatic environments holds great promise for applications in underwater soft electronics, underwater robotics, and water-resistant human-machine interfaces. However, achieving superior autonomous self-healing properties and effective sensing simultaneously in an aquatic environment is rarely feasible. Here, we present an ultrafast underwater molecularly engineered self-healing piezo-ionic elastomer inspired by the cephalopod’s suckers, which possess self-healing properties and mechanosensitive ion channels. Through strategic engineering of hydrophobic C–F groups, hydrolytic boronate ester bonds, and ions, the material achieves outstanding self-healing efficiencies, with speeds of 94.5% (9.1 µm/min) in air and 89.6% (13.3 µm/min) underwater, coupled with remarkable pressure sensitivity (18.1 kPa–1) for sensing performance. Furthermore, integration of this mechanosensitive device into an underwater submarine for signal transmission and light emitting diode modulation demonstrates its potential for underwater robotics and smarter human-machine interactions.

Doping-Less Feedback Field-Effect Transistors.

In this study, we propose doping-less feedback field-effect transistors (DLFBFETs). Our DLFBFETs are 5 nm thick intrinsic semiconductor bodies with dual gates. Usually, DLFBFETs are virtually doped through charge plasma phenomena caused by the source, the drain, and the dual-gate electrodes as well as the gate biases. Our DLFBFETs can be fabricated through a simple process of creating contact between a metal and a silicon body without any doping processes. The voltages applied to both gates determine whether the DLFBFETs operate in diode or feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) modes. In the FBFET mode, our DLFBFETs show good characteristics such as an on/off current ratio of ~104 and steep switching characteristics (~1 mV/decade of current) that result from positive feedback phenomena without dopants.

Monolithic fully-controlled HEMT bidirectional power switch with merged Schottky barrier diodes and p-GaN gate transistors for ultra-low turn-on voltage and high threshold voltage

A monolithic fully-controlled high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) bidirectional power switch (FC-HEMT BPS) is studied and implemented for ultra-low turn-on voltage and high threshold voltage. The alternately embedded recess Schottky barrier diodes with p-GaN gate HEMTs in the common active region is a distinctive feature of the proposed device. The FC-HEMT BPS is a sophisticated device with two independent gate controls, capable of operating in four distinct modes. Its flexibility in managing current and voltage in the first and third quadrants makes it versatile for a range of applications in power electronics. The proposed device offers notable advantages over conventional counterparts, including reduced turn-on voltage V ON-D of ∼0.4 V in diode modes and the elimination of turn-on voltage V ON-B (i.e. 0 V) in bidirectional conduction mode. These features make it a promising solution for efficient power electronics applications.

Pelatihan Elektronika Dasar Untuk Guru dan Siswa kelas VII Di SMP Kristen Harapan Bagi Bangsa- Cilincing Jakarta Utara

SMP Kristen Harapan Untuk Bangsa is located on Jl. Kebantenan I no 10, Cilincing, North Jakarta. According to Basic Education and Culture Data (DAPOKDIKBUD), this school has 9 teaching staff. This school is also equipped with one science and computer laboratory to support the teaching and learning process . Most of the students of SMPK Kristen Harapan Bagi Bangsa come from lower-middle economic families. This condition makes students from this school not easy to get the opportunity to take courses outside school hours, due to economic difficulties . For this reason, the role of the school is expected so that students from this school still have the opportunity to enrich knowledge through learning outside school hours, namely in the form of extra-curricular activities. In order for students to have the knowledge to be able to choose a Vocational High School that suits students' talents and interests, the school facilitates extracurricular activities of Basic Electronics training. In June 2023, the Electrical Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Atma Jaya Catholic University held a community service program with the skills taught were component introduction, measuring instrument reading techniques and making LED light circuit modules. Soldering training and making Light Emitting Diode modules were conducted for 3 days. From the results of the questionnaire, it can be seen that students are enthusiastic and claim to have gained knowledge from this training.

Driver optimization of high power converter based on BIGT reverse conduction loss

AbstractBi‐mode Insulated Gate Transistor (BIGT), owing to its notable attributes in power density and compact dimensions, holds promising applications in the realm of high power converters. However, its characteristic of the voltage drop in diode mode controlled by gate‐emitter voltage poses significant challenges for low‐loss operation. This paper investigates the relationship between BIGT's on‐state voltage drop in diode mode and its gate‐emitter voltage in detail. By combining simulation and experimental analysis, recommended the gate‐emitter voltage values are provided. Furthermore, a novel driver optimization scheme is proposed to automatically lower the gate voltage during reverse conduction, which can effectively reduce the reverse on‐state losses of the BIGT. Experimental validation demonstrates a 10.6% reduction in reverse on‐state voltage drop, showcasing the efficacy of the proposed driver optimization scheme.

All-optical modulation and photonic diode based on spatial self-phase modulation in porphyrin–napthalimide molecules

The diverse applications such as all-optical switching, modulation, OR-logic gates, and photonic diode interconnected with the fundamental of nonlinear optics has been demonstrated in porphyrin–napthalimide molecules using SSPM and XPM methods.

High Voltage and High Frequency DC Power Supply with Ultra High Voltage SiC Schottky Barrier Diode Modules

High Voltage and High Frequency DC Power Supply with Ultra High Voltage SiC Schottky Barrier Diode Modules