Diocesan Administration Research Articles

My experience as a military chaplain: challenges, difficulties, achievements

My experience as a military chaplain has been since the beginning of the full-scale war in Ukraine. On February 26, 2022, I called Metropolitan Volodymyr Viytyshyn and expressed that I personally wanted to do more for the army, and even become a military chaplain. This is despite the fact that I have other duties. The bishop promised that he would respond. A week later, on Thursday, March 1, I was at the diocesan administration. The bishop told me that he had a military commissar. In fact, the deputy head of the Ivano-Frankivsk Regional TCK and SP for work with personnel got in touch. The decree on his appointment as chaplain of the military unit A7091 and Ivano-Frankivsk city TCK and SP was issued on March 18, 2022.

The Russian Orthodox Church in the system of socio-political interaction during the Great Patriotic War (using the example of the Penza region)

The transformation of the practices of state-confessional interaction during the Great Patriotic War is considered on an analysis of the office documentation of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR. The research methodology is based on the concept of social constructionism or the theory of constructing social reality, as well as new local history, which allows to study the factors and mechanisms of adaptation of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) to the new geopolitical situation and the tasks of socio-political integration on the scale of a specific region – the Penza region. The content and regional specifics of the activities of the Commissioner for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church are revealed. The key areas of activity are: consideration of petitions of believers to open churches and participation of the priesthood in mobilization activities of the authorities. Despite many years of atheistic policies, persecution and repression of the clergy, the population of the Penza region demonstrated the strength of the religious foundation of regional identity. This was more significant compared with ideological constructs imposed from the outside. During the Great Patriotic War, relations between believers and authorities were built in the direction from the suppression of religious life to the very effective inclusion of parish communities in solving national problems. Appeals from believers to open churches became increasingly widespread and persistent. Under the influence of growing religiosity and divinely sanctioned changes in the legal status of the Russian Orthodox Church, local authorities adopted new rules of the game. Governance practices are also gradually changing, and a constructive dialogue is being built in the triad: the commissioner as a representative of the state – the diocesan administration – the parish communities.

Церковные архивы Московской епархии в 1812 г.: проблемы сохранности документов в условиях оккупации Москвы армией Наполеона

The diocesan archives of the Moscow diocese in 1812 were never the subject of a special study. Because of the wide spread of the church institution, the archives of the diocese often found themselves in the offensive zone of the Great Army. This circumstance made the documents of the church extremely vulnerable to the invaders. The events connected with the occupation of Moscow are widely reflected in the memoirs of eyewitnesses of the French stay in Moscow. Decades later, diocesan officials, with all the distortions of reality inherent in this type of memoirs, testify to the archive of the Consistory. N. P. Rozanov's analysis of the testimonies, which more or less concern the destruction of the records of church institutions, demonstrates the low reliability of the information provided by consistory officials. This article reconstructs the state of archives in the autumn of 1812 on the basis of the documents of the Synodal Consistory and the Moscow Consistory, the fonds of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Greece and the Central State Archive of Moscow: orders of the public prosecutor, the prosecutor of the Synodal Consistory, reports on the state of archives, and the reports of the Spiritual Boards. In the context of the evacuation of Moscow archives not quite successful decisions of the military administration and the diocesan leadership of the organization of the removal of records of the Synodal office and the Moscow Ecclesiastical Consistory are considered. The soldiers of Napoleon's army ravaged the archives of all levels of diocesan administration - the Synodal Office, the Consistory, ecclesiastical boards and parishes. The way in which the archives were treated depended on such factors as the orders of the occupying army and the behaviour of the enemy units quartered in the church buildings, which were not always in favour of plundering. Before the French withdrew from the city, some inhabitants of Moscow district were looting in the immediate vicinity of the diocesan archives. The participation of local residents in the spoiling and plundering of archives is confirmed by postwar reports sent to the Consistory by the diocesan boards of church authorities of the Moscow districts. The post-war restoration work that followed, in addition to revealing serious documentary losses, created the prerequisites for the establishment of an archival committee that was not attached to the office and focused solely on the handling of archival documents. It is concluded that the 1812 war not only caused material losses, but also made it necessary for the diocesan leadership to seek non-trivial solutions which, in the long run, would have a positive effect on the consistory's archives.

ACTIVITIES OF THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT OF SAMARA DIOCESE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN 1997–2019

The history of establishment and activity carried out by the medical department of Samara Diocese under the Russian Orthodox Church, its interaction with medical institutions of Samara region at the present stage seems to be an urgent task. The work of the diocese in these institutions since the mid – 90s of the XX century is based, among other things, on the pre-revolutionary experience of the Russian Orthodox Church. At the first stage, until 2001, this work was carried out non-systematically, priests were admitted to medical institutions by agreement with the medical management of these institutions. In 2001, a cooperation agreement was signed between the Health Department of Samara Region and Samara Diocesan Administration. In order to streamline the work with medical institutions, in 1997 the diocesan sub-department of Samara Diocese for Relations with Medicine was established under the Department of Religious Education and Catechetesis. Samara diocese carried out systematic work with medical institutions, which continues to this day. The article analyzes the directions of this work and its main results.
 
 The purpose of the study is to investigate the formation and development of this department on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the situation and activities of the diocesan department for cooperation with medical institutions of Samara Diocese in 1997–2019, to study the activities of the department and the results of its work.
 
 Materials and methods. Implementation of research tasks was achieved on the basis of using documents extracted from the funds of the current archive of Samara Diocesan Administration. A special place is occupied by the reports of the ruling bishop of Samara diocese to Moscow Patriarchate. The methodological potential includes: statistical method, the significance of which is obvious for the analysis of data related to the opening of temples and prayer rooms in medical institutions in 1997–2019. The research methodology includes the method of analyzing documents. In order to solve the issue of the reliability and representativeness of the sources put into circulation, the history of the origin and fate of these sources was studied using a content-related and correlation analysis.
 
 Study results. The activity carried out by the medical department of Samara Diocese in 1997–2019 is analyzed. The mutually beneficial cooperation of the medical department of the diocese with the medical institutions of Samara region was proved, since Samara diocese managed to raise its authority in the society, and medical institutions were able to rely on its centuries-old experience of moral assistance to the suffering, sick people.
 
 Conclusions. The ministry of the clergy in medical institutions increased the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church, contributed to the improvement of the psychological climate in medical institutions, formation of stable and time-tested life goals and values, resulted in consolidation of spiritual rehabilitation.

Pirmieji Vilniaus vyskupijos sinodai 1520–1563 m.

The first synods of the diocese of Vilnius mentioned in surviving sources are connected with bishops John of the Lithuanian Dukes (1519–1536), Paulius Alšėniškis (1536– 1555), and Valerijonas Protasevičius-Šuškovskis (1556–1579). A synod is a gathering of diocesan clergy in a central place, where the bishop, prelates, canons, and the whole diocesan clergy discuss current affairs concerning clerical discipline, the need to collect funds for the needs of Church and State, and matters of Church organisation. The miscreance of local clergy and lay folk, especially in matters concerning landed property are judged. On the other hand, a visitation involves the bishop sending out from the centre officials, connected with his archdeacon to assess the material and spiritual condition of parishes. Such means of diocesan administration are important expressions of ecclesiastical and social development. It is worthwhile examining the functioning of synods and their aims in Lithuania during the first half of the sixteenth century, including their ceremonies and organisation within the wider social context.

State and Church in Russian Empire in 1725—1730: Political Aspect of Relations (on Example of Nizhny Novgorod Diocese)

The article deals with the issue of relations between the state and the church in the Russian Empire in 1725—1730 in the political sphere. Attention is paid to the preservation of the former policy of the state represented by the Synod in relation to the local episcopate. On the example of the Nizhny Novgorod region, a general description of the organization of the diocesan administration is given with a description of a number of changes that have occurred; the versatile activity of Archbishop Pitirim, who lost the reliable support of Peter I in connection with his death and is now faced with serious challenges, is considered in the article. The results of the analysis of problems in the relationship between secular and spiritual authorities in political terms are presented. A classification of these problems is proposed on the basis of a generalized analysis of the entire range of issues that have become the object of contradictions between the state and the church. Particular attention is paid to problems that were of a financial, economic and administrative-legal nature. It is shown on the basis of regional material that on a number of issues it was clearly not enough for the adoption of this or that decision at the level of the Synod, and the local bishops needed a resolution of the Senate. It is proved that the problems of church-state relations, laid down under Peter I, retained their relevance during subsequent reigns.

Особенности антицерковного террора в Нижегородской губернии и реакции на него епархиальной власти в 1918 – 1921 гг.

The article examines the transformation of relations between the state and the Church in the aspect of the repressive policy of the Soviet government on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod diocese in the period 1918 – 1921. This study reflects issues directly related to the reaction of the church administration to the unfolding full-scale persecution. The author compares the situation in the Nizhny Novgorod diocese with the historical circumstances in other dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church and finds that the Nizhny Novgorod scenario is typical. Nevertheless, there are some features of the historical picture on the Nizhny Novgorod land, due to certain circumstances and personal characteristics of representatives of both secular and Ecclesiastical authorities. This article hypothesizes that the loyal position of the ruling bishop and the diocesan council in relation to the Soviet government did not lead to the cessation of persecution, but contributed to a partial improvement in the state of church affairs in the field. The analysis of the historical situation shows how the degree of loyalty of the diocesan administration towards the new government has changed, taking into account the aggressive pressure from the ruling circles. Russian Russian Orthodox Church. The results of this study can be used in works aimed at studying the history of the Russian Orthodox Church during the period of the beginning of the persecution to obtain a holistic picture of church life, the life of believers in Russia on the example of the Russian province.

Collection of Handwritten and Old Printed Books of the XVI–XX Centuries and Rare Editions of the Library Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary

The article presents the results of studying the collection of rare books and manuscripts of the library of the Yekaterinburg Theological Seminary. The characteristics of the collection and the history of its formation are given. The collection was based on the book fund of the Sverdlovsk Diocesan Administration and books from private donations. The collection of handwritten books includes four copies of the XVI century: the Ostrog Bible and three editions of Andronik Timofeyev Ignorant – Apostle in 1597 and two Octoechos (2nd part) in 1594. There are more than forty editions of the XVII century in the fund: mainly of the Moscow Printing Yard and three “Lithuanian” ones – the “disgraced” teaching Gospel by Cyril Tranquillion, 1619; Synopsis by Innokenty Gizel, 1680; Oktoikh of the second half of the XVII century. The earliest manuscript is the Gospel of 1630-1660, compiled in Galicia, with numerous notes of the owner. The XVIII century is mainly represented by Old Believers’ liturgical and reading (“chetyi”) collections of mixed composition. Collections with canons, akathists, and liturgical charters predominate among the manuscripts of the XIX century. Orthodox written tradition of the XIX–XX centuries is represented by educational literature and musical scores. The result of the research will be the preparation of catalogues of handwritten books of the XVII–XX centuries and books of the old printing of the XVI–XVII centuries from the library collection.

The Episcopacy of Nicholas Gallagher, Bishop of Galveston, 1882–1918 by Sr. Madeleine Grace

Reviewed by: The Episcopacy of Nicholas Gallagher, Bishop of Galveston, 1882–1918 by Sr. Madeleine Grace Maggie Elmore The Episcopacy of Nicholas Gallagher, Bishop of Galveston, 1882–1918. By Sr. Madeleine Grace, CVI. (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2020. Pp. 216. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index.) Nicholas Aloysius Gallagher is likely not a name known to most Americans, or indeed to most Texans. Yet this lesser-known Catholic bishop was responsible for guiding Catholic Texans through one of the worst natural disasters in U.S. history, the 1900 Galveston hurricane. Sister Madeleine Grace, CVI, shines light on this early Catholic leader. She offers historians of Catholicism and Texas alike a detailed chronicling of Gallagher's leadership during a tumultuous moment in Texas history, from the formal end of Reconstruction through World War I. Born to a devout Irish American family in 1846, Gallagher spent his formative years in Ohio. From an early age he expressed a vocation for the priesthood. At the age of twenty-two, he received his ordination and served in Ohio for the next fourteen years. In 1882, he became the first American-born bishop of Galveston, Texas. At the time of his elevation, the Galveston Diocese was one of only two dioceses in Texas. Perhaps even more tellingly, he was also the first northern bishop to serve in post-Reconstruction era Texas. Many of the Catholics in his diocese, including several priests, initially bristled at the idea of a northern bishop. Not all of Gallagher's difficulties stemmed from the fact that he was a northerner in the South. The bishop possessed a quiet stubbornness that at times brought him into conflict with others in the diocese. A standoff with the Ursuline Sisters early in his tenure created tension between Gallagher and many of the Catholic faithful in Galveston. By the time of his death, however, the bishop had become a beloved and respected community leader. Perhaps Gallagher's two greatest accomplishments during his more than thirty years in Texas were the expansive building projects he undertook and his mission work among Black Catholics. It is in this first area that the book shines. Sister Madeleine Grace has dug deep into the bowels of the Galveston-Houston Archdiocesan Archives. She carefully documents Gallagher's many negotiations as he attempted to expand the infrastructure of the Catholic Church in Southeast Texas, often on a shoestring budget. Those seeking to understand the nuances of Catholic diocesan administration will especially appreciate her extensive reference to chancery and other administrative documents throughout the book. Despite Sister Madeline Grace's attentiveness to Gallagher's bureaucratic activities, one cannot help but want to know more about Gallagher's racial politics. As the author notes, Gallagher's overtures to the African American community were not particularly well received by many of his White parishioners. He nonetheless insisted that the Catholic Church had a moral obligation to offer Mass and other services to Black Catholics. Similarly, by 1910, thousands of Mexicans, many of them Catholic, had [End Page 525] migrated to the Houston area, and their presence at the various German and Polish Catholic churches was generally unwelcome. Recognizing the need to accommodate Mexican Catholics, Gallagher contracted the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate to provide for their spiritual care. Did Gallagher face similar difficulties in securing support for Mexican Catholics? Thematically and chronologically organized, the book's narrative is at times a bit meandering and repetitive. The author, for example, makes mention of the 1900 Galveston hurricane in nearly every chapter. The reader might have been better served with the single concentrated account of the hurricane in chapter 7. Readers might also wonder where Gallagher sat in the larger landscape of American Catholicism given the rapid changes the U.S. Catholic Church underwent from the 1880s through the early 1920s. But these are minor criticisms. What Sister Madeleine Grace has provided is a nuanced account of Gallagher's administration of the Catholic Church in Southeast Texas, which historians of Texas Catholicism will find useful. Maggie Elmore Sam Houston State University Copyright © 2022 The Texas State Historical Association

Личные дела священнослужителей епархиального делопроизводства как источник по истории Русской Православной Церкви середины – второй половины XX в. (на материалах Смоленского епархиального управления)

This article is devoted to the study of one of the least studied groups of historical sources - the personal files of clergy. The archive of the Smolensk diocesan administration was used as a representative material. Based on the causal method, it was possible to consider a number of personal affairs of clergymen and, on their basis, identify those thematic blocks, the study of which contributes to a fuller and deeper immersion in the historical realities of the existence of the Russian Orthodox Church through the prism of the life and work of the clergy. The documents of the diocesan archives are able to shed light on certain circumstances of the life of a clergyman of the Soviet period and see his true portrait thanks to the testimonies that have been preserved in personal files - service records, autobiographies, complaints, clippings from periodicals, etc. The determining factor in the objectivity of consideration of this kind of documents involves the use of an integrated approach that can fill those gaps that are inevitable in office work. In this regard, when studying the personal files of clergymen of the Soviet period, it is necessary to take into account the factor of verification of the information contained in them due to political realities and the subjectivity of decisions of one bishop or another, or employees of the diocesan administration. This work does not claim to be exhausted. On the contrary, this attempt at research is aimed, firstly, at drawing attention to the problem of the lack of knowledge of the designated kind of sources. Secondly, it seems important to pay attention to the safety and accessibility for researchers of diocesan archives. The latter requires special attention, and the fate of a significant layer of history not only of the Church, its ministers, but also of our state depends on the resolution of these issues.

ТОБОЛЬСКИЙ АРХИЕРЕЙСКИЙ ДОМ КАК АКТОР КОЛОНИЗАЦИИ СИБИРИ В XVII В.

In the course of the development of Siberia the Russians created an authentic “living space” on the colonized lands, relying on their religious traditions and practices. The article shows the role of the Tobolsk bishop’s house in the formation of the socio-cultural environment in the territory under development in accordance with the norms of the Christian way of life. The “bishop’s house” is understood as a regional institution of the Russian Orthodox Church, which organized and controlled the spiritual sphere of the life of the local society. The Siberian diocese was created in 1620. The bishops used the centuries-old experience of the Russian Orthodox Church and, at the same time, responded to specific “challenges”. These “challenges” were associated with the huge scale of the controlled territory and its considerable remoteness from the center, the lack of priests and their doubtful moral appearance, peculiarities of the sex composition of the first Russian settlers, disagreements with secular administrations on the issue of power-sharing. The main concern of the 17th century Siberian bishops was the maintenance of the moral state of society, regularization of the church sphere, as well as anxiety about the population of Siberia, including the indigenous people. During the 17th century a system of the diocesan administration was created. The regional features of this system were expressed in the variety of principles for the division on the tithe districts and the replacement rates of secular decals by spiritual customers (representatives of the white and black priests). The church court of the law, organized by the Tobolsk bishop’s house, was an important tool for curbing “disorder” both among the clergy and in the secular community. The Orthodox landscape was formed on the territory under its jurisdiction to satisfy the spiritual needs of the local society. By the end of the 17th century, there were about 225 churches in the diocese, including monasteries. Most of them were located in Western Siberia, which was the most developed part of the diocese and closest to its center. The problem of providing parishes with priests was solved, and widely revered regional shrines appeared. The christianization of the indigenous population was carried out mainly by the forces of the monasteries. Using various forms of the influence on the society, the Tobolsk bishop’s house exerted a great influence on the religious and moral condition of the local society and became one of the leading actors in the colonization process.

Деревянное церковное зодчество Онежского Поморья: источниковедческий и историографический аспекты

The article is devoted to the history of studying the architecture of the Onega Gulf of the White Sea. The description of the area is already found in travel notes of the 16th century, but the monuments of wooden architecture of this region were introduced into wide scientific circulation only in the late 1880s by academician V. V. Suslov. In addition, the historiography of the theme of wooden church architecture of the Onega Pomerania was accompanied by the research and publication of sources, on the basis of which their critical assessment was later based. So, the Archaeological Commission in 1911 published a list of churches in the Onega district in the “Description of monuments of Russian Architecture in the provinces”. The study of the architectural heritage of the Onega Seaboard was resumed only at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s, when the publications of I. B. Purishev, Yu. S. Ushakov, and M. I. Milchik were published almost simultaneously. Their articles and essays, along with materials published in the pre-revolutionary years, formed a solid basis for further scientific research in the 2010s, which presented the construction history and contextual analysis of temples in Unezhma, Purnema, Iur’eva Gora, Nimen’ga, Liamtsa, Pushlakhta and Letniaia Zolotitsa. On the basis of written sources (including unpublished materials of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, the Moscow Kremlin Museums, the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences) a significant body of archival primary sources on the history of wooden church building in the Onega Gulf of the White Sea, related to monastic clerical work, state accounting materials, documents of diocesan administration bodies, was identified. At the present stage, the main research approach can be called the expansion of the factual base due to, first, the introduction into scientific circulation of previously unknown documents clarifying the construction history of a particular object; secondly, the appeal to the restoration materials of the Soviet era, containing correspondence, drawings, projects and measurements of the 1950s and 1980s; thirdly, the series of expeditions, the results of which are detailed measurements of monuments and graphic reconstructions. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number № 20-012-00356.

ОМСКАЯ И ТЮМЕНСКАЯ ЕПАРХИЯ ПРИ АРХИЕПИСКОПЕ МАКСИМЕ (КРОХЕ)

The article reconstructs the diocesan history in the Omsk and Tyumen dioceses under Archbishop Maxim (Krokha) (1975–1986),. there was a significant increase in the education of the clergy of the diocese, the number of Orthodox parishes increased, and cathedrals and churches were reconstructed. The bishop's house was opened in Tyumen, overhauled, and received the status of an architectural monument of the Exaltation of the Cross Cathedral in Omsk, extensions to the St. Nicholas Church were made, St. Sophia Cathedral in Tobolsk was restored, under the guise of repair new churches were built in Isilkul and Tyukalinsk Omsk region. During the episcopacy of Archbishop Maxim (Krokha), the holy relics of St. John of Tobolsk were examined in 1975, Archbishop Maxim compiled a patericon of Siberian saints, with the blessing of the patriarch established the celebration of the Cathedral of Siberian Saints (June 10/23) and compiled services for the Moscow Metropolitan. St. Innocent (Veniaminov) and the Cathedral of Siberian Saints. The number of parishioners, the number of baptisms, funerals and the income of the Russian Orthodox Church has almost tripled in comparison with the beginning of the 1970s. As of June 1, 1985, 13 churches were operating in the Omsk diocese (of which 3 cathedrals), 21 priests, 3 deacons, 5 psalmists, 2 regents were registered. The material for the study was the primary materials of the Archives of the Omsk Diocesan Administration, as well as statistical reports of the representatives of the Council for Religious Affairs in the Omsk and Tyumen regions. Based on archival documents, the lists of the Orthodox clergy, monastics and parishes of the diocese have been reconstructed. The article examines the issues of anti-religious and atheistic propaganda, as well as tendencies that indicate the beginning of a change in church-state relations.

Formation of Synodal Regime of Church Administration in Context of Relationship between Secular and Spiritual Authorities in 1721—1725 (Nizhny Novgorod Diocese)

The article is devoted to the formation of the synodal regime of government of the Russian Orthodox Church and related problems in the relationship between secular and spiritual authorities. Attention is paid to the new policy of the state represented by the Synod in relation to the local episcopate. The peculiarities of the organization of the diocesan administration are characterized on the materials of the Nizhny Novgorod region. A brief biography of the local Bishop Pitirim, one of the close associates of Peter I is presented. The results of the analysis of problems in relations between the state and the church in the political sphere are given. A classification of these problems is proposed on the basis of various aspects of interaction between secular and clergy. Special attention is paid to issues related to the status of the Synod and its real possibilities to represent the interests of the clergy. It is shown on regional material that the clergy, under synodal conditions, found themselves in a dependent position on the authorities, both central and local. The author especially dwells on the facts describing the arbitrariness of officials in relation to persons of clergy, interference in their competence on certain issues. It has been proved that the establishment of the Synod and the general bureaucratization during the reign of Peter I changed the nature of church-state relations and acted as prerequisites for the emergence of new difficulties.

ЧИННІ ЗАКОНОВЧИТЕЛІ КИЇВСЬКОГО ІНСТИТУТУ ШЛЯХЕТНИХ ДІВЧАТ У ПУБЛІКАЦІЯХ «КИЕВСКИХ ЕПАРХИАЛЬНЫХ ВЕДОМОСТЕЙ» ОСТАННЬОЇ ТРЕТИНИ XIX – ПОЧАТКУ XX СТ.

У статті визначено особливості згадування чинних законовчителів Київського інституту шляхетних дівчат (офіційна назва в указані роки – Київський жіночий інститут імені Миколи І) на сторінках офіційного друкованого органу єпархії, обов’язкового для передплати в усіх її парафіях, зокрема київських, – журналу «Киевские епархиаль- ные ведомости» за останню третину ХІХ – початок ХХ ст. (до Першої світової війни). Опрацьовано публікації в офіційній і неофіційній частинах усіх випусків окресленого періоду, протягом якого, за висновком Г.Ю. Калініч, котра присвятила просопографії викладачів Закону Божого при київських навчальних закладах статтю, законовчителі виділилися в окрему спеціалізовану й самоорганізовану групу священства, натомість знизивши активність в орга- нах єпархіального управління (крім Київської єпархіальної училищної ради). Якщо залишити осторонь публікації офіційної частини, зміст котрих мало залежав від редколегії (втім, по-своєму працював на імідж законовчителів Київського інституту шляхетних дівчат), можна зробити такі висновки. Ф. Хорошунов для того, аби подати до часопису матеріали, або шукав якийсь неординарний інформаційний привід, або реалізовував можливість опри- люднити власні студії про заклад, де займав посаду. І. Артинський писав про наболіле, ймовірно, вже не в змозі тримати думки при собі. Тож подання авторських робіт до «Киевских епархиальных ведомостей» звичним для всіх законовчителів Інституту не було. Нечасто останні потрапляли до кола головних персонажів публікацій, а не поставали суто співслужителями архієреїв чи членами товариств. Помітно, що про цих законовчителів писали перш за все тоді, коли ті підготували високоякісну друковану працю чи усну проповідь/промову. Матеріалів про негативні вчинки інститутських законовчителів розміщено не було.

Настоятелі київських чоловічих монастирів ХІХ – поч. ХХ ст.: складники їх статусу

The purpose of the article is to clarify the factors that determined the status of abbots of the biggest Kyiv friaries in the XIXth – at the beginning of the XX-th. On the basis of the analysis of archival and published sources of the history of Kyiv eparchy the author shows that the abbots of official Kyiv monasteries, which were subordinated to the Kyiv metropolitan, were vicar bishops (deputies and assistants of Kyiv metropolitan), rector of Kyiv Theological Academy and rector of the seminary. Research methodology is based on the combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-typological, historical-systemic, historical-genetic) methods with the principles of historicism, systematics and scientificity. The method of historical reconstruction made it possible to formulate a holistic view of the abbots of the biggest Kyiv friaries from the scattered facts, who had clearly regulated responsibilities in the monastery and in the management of Kyiv eparchy. The scientific novelty of the work is that using modern methodology of scientific analysis the author shows the components of the high status of the abbots of official Kyiv monasteries, who at the same time performed duties in the structure of diocesan administration. New historical sources are being introduced into scientific circulation, which will supplement the source base of the history of Kyiv eparchy of the XIX – early XX centuries. Conclusions. The analysis of known and newly discovered historical sources made it possible to conclude that official Kyiv friaries, which existed in the XIX – early XX centuries, were in the subordination of metropolitan, had leaders of clergy of high social status. Their abbots, in addition to the duties of managing the monastery, held positions in the diocesan administration: they were the first, second, third, fourth vicars of Kyiv eparchy, the rector of Kyiv Theological Academy and the rector of a theological seminary. The status of abbots of Kyiv monasteries was determined by several components: a legal regulation of rights and responsibilities, clearly defined requirements for candidates for abbot positions, the class of monastery, which meant the amount of its state funding, the size of the monastery property. Sources contain information that with the high status of the position, high salary and material wealth of the monasteries subordinate to them, the abbots of the Kyiv Orthodox monasteries were a model of the ideals of monastic life.

Система организации епархиального управления Белорусской автокефальной православной церкви в 1949–1980 гг.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the history of the development of the system of diocesan administrations of the unrecognized Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (BAOC). Formed in 1948–1949, the named religious organization over the next several decades was an influential center for the consolidation of the Belarusian post-war Diaspora. The activities of the parishes of the BAOC were not limited to the organization of services and involved the conduct of social, cultural, educational, publishing and other work. In turn, the control, management and coordination of parish activities largely depended on the principles of organizing diocesan administration. On the basis of the study, it is concluded that the volume of administrative powers of the episcopate is gradually reduced and the role of the laity in the administration of dioceses is strengthened. The noted instability of the diocesan structures of the BAOC in the period under review is explained by the high degree of dependence of the diocesan affiliation of parishes on the relationship with a particular hierarch.

The Archive of Smolensk Diocesan Administration in Regional Historical Researches of Spiritual Training and Education

Over the past decades history researchers of church-state relations have
 been doing active work with archival sources. Newly opened documents are
 regularly published, shedding light on certain problems. However, for various
 reasons, a huge layer of historical data is stored in the archives of diocesan administration
 of the Russian Orthodox Church. The author considers this research
 as an opportunity to significantly enrich knowledge of the religious policy
 of the state in the XX century, the life of society, social institutions and the
 formation of religious educational institutions.
 From the researcher’s point of view, the development of religious education in post-Soviet Russia, the Archive of Smolensk diocesan administration is of particular interest, since it was the Diocese of Smolensk where a complete system of upbringing and education was formed in a fairly short time, from kindergarten
 to a higher educational institution such as a seminary. The sources under the research are considered in the process of the origin and development of educational
 institutions. The method of structural analysis makes it possible to analyze
 the data contained in the reports of religious educational institutions.
 As a result, the author concludes that, despite the presence of certain difficulties, which are usually not typical of state archives, the archive of Smolensk diocesan administration is an important source of documents on the activities of religious institutions in Russia at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries.

“Results of Synodal Era Will Be Positively Exposed”. Anton V. Kartashev’s Letters to George I. Novitskii. 1957

This publication continues to acquaint the readers with letters written by the historian and professor of the St. Sergius Theological Institute in Paris, Anton V. Kartashev, to his friend George I. Novitskii, who lived in New York. At the beginning of the year, A. V. Kartashev was still thinking about the second edition of his book “The Restoration of Holy Russia”, supplemented by a polemic with its critics. However, the main event in the life of the historian this year was the preparation of “Essays on the History of the Russian Church”. Despite his illness, he managed to prepare a manuscript of the book. A. V. Kartashev paid special attention to assessments of the Synodal period, which, unlike the pre-revolutionary tradition, he characterized positively. A significant place in the letters was occupied by the description of intrigues in the diocesan administration of the West European exarchate of the Russian parishes of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in connection with the anniversary of Metropolitan Vladimir (Tikhonitsky). A. V. Kartashev consistently upheld the principle of collegiality in church administration, and also sought to maintain the high authority of the St. Sergius Orthodox Theological Institute and its rector Bishop Cassian (Bezobrazov). The text of letters is aline with current spelling standards with preservation of some features of author's spelling of separate words and punctuation.

Los últimos años del pontificado de Pedro Tenorio: contextos políticos, ámbitos de actuación, muerte y testamento de un primado toledano (1393-†1399)

En este trabajo se estudian desde diferentes perspectivas de análisis los últimos años del pontificado de Pedro Tenorio, un periodo que se inicia en el verano de 1393 con la mayoría de edad de Enrique III y continua con el progresivo, aunque nunca definitivo, alejamiento de la Corte Real del primado toledano aliviado puntualmente con su participación en determinados asuntos de carácter diplomático y mediador que abarcaron por igual la política peninsular o la actividad eclesial, y todo ello en medio de una incesante actividad de administración diocesana, señorial, fundacional y constructiva encaminada a materializar el poder que representaba el primado de España.