Dimorphism In Length Research Articles

High Duty Cycle Echolocation May Constrain the Evolution of Diversity within Horseshoe Bats (Family: Rhinolophidae)

The phenotype of organisms is the net result of various evolutionary forces acting upon their lineages over time. When an innovative trait arises that confers a substantial advantage in terms of survival and reproduction, the evolution of adaptive complexes between such an innovation and other traits may constrain diversification of that lineage. The specialized echolocation system of the Rhinolophidae may represent such an innovation which affects other parts of the phenotype. We investigated a potential constraint on the diversity of phenotypes of several species of horseshoe bats within a phylogenetic framework. If phenotypic convergence stems from stasis as a result of the specialized echolocation system, phenotypes should converge not only among members of the same species and between sexes but also among species. We analyzed the phenotypic diversity of >800 individuals of 13–16 species. The phenotypes in the horseshoe bats did indeed converge. There was no sexual size dimorphism in mass, forearm length and wingspan within species and there was marked interspecific similarity in both wing and echolocation variables but marked variability in body mass. Furthermore, correlations of wing and echolocation variables with mass suggest that variability within horseshoe bats was largely the result of selection on body size with allometric responses in wing and echolocation parameters, a potential consequence of constraints imposed by their specialized echolocation.

Population diversity and relatedness in Sugarbirds (Promeropidae: Promerops spp.).

Sugarbirds are a family of two socially-monogamous passerine species endemic to southern Africa. Cape and Gurney’s Sugarbird (Promerops cafer and P. gurneyi) differ in abundance, dispersion across their range and in the degree of sexual dimorphism in tail length, factors that affect breeding systems and potentially genetic diversity. According to recent data, P. gurneyi are in decline and revision of the species’ IUCN conservation status to a threatened category may be warranted. It is therefore necessary to understand genetic diversity and risk of inbreeding in this species. We used six polymorphic microsatellite markers and one mitochondrial gene (ND2) to compare genetic diversity in P. cafer from Helderberg Nature Reserve and P. gurneyi from Golden Gate Highlands National Park, sites at the core of each species distribution. We describe novel universal avian primers which amplify the entire ND2 coding sequence across a broad range of bird orders. We observed high mitochondrial and microsatellite diversity in both sugarbird populations, with no detectable inbreeding and large effective population sizes.

Sexual Dimorphism in Pelvic Fin Length of Two Endangered Freshwater Atherinopsid Species with High Aquaculture Potential

AbstractThe endemic Mexican silversides of Lake Pátzcuaro (Pike Silverside Chirostoma estor) and Lake Chapala (Blacknose Silverside C. promelas) are endangered fish species of great socioeconomic importance in the region. Since the last decade, much progress has been made to close the life cycle in captivity and in promoting the aquaculture of these species. The lack of standardized husbandry and broodstock management practices, including sex discrimination, is a bottleneck to the commercial culture of these species. Recent observations have suggested a possible difference between the length of the pelvic fins of males and females. To explore these observations, biometric measurements were taken from Pike Silverside and Blacknose Silverside broodstocks, comprising body weight, SL, distance from the base of the pelvic fin to the genital pore (BPF), and distance from the tip of pelvic fin to the genital pore (TPF). The latter measurements were used to calculate the TPF/BPF ratio. Sex‐specific differences were found in BPF, TPF, and TPF/BPF for both species, clearly indicating a sexually dimorphic characteristic not previously reported in any atherinopsid. This study reveals for the first time the presence of a noticeable sexually dimorphic and externally evident trait in two closely related atherinopsid species, which provides a simple morphometric technique for sex discrimination that minimizes manipulation and thus avoids overstressing or killing the fish.

Sexual Dimorphism in Total Length of Fully Ossified Dry Human Left Tibia

Background: Determination of sex from skeletal remains is one of the important aspects of Osteometric analysis.Objectives: The present study was planned to collect data regarding total length of fully ossified dry human left tibia and to find out possible variations in male and female.Methodology: This analytical type of cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015 for a period of one year. In this study fully ossified dry human left tibia of unknown sex were collected from In this study fully ossified dry human left tibia of unknown sex were collected from the department of Anatomy and also from the students of Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka, Ibrahim Medical College (IMC), Dhaka, Dhaka National Medical College (DNMC), Dhaka and Bangladesh Medical College (BMC), Dhaka. The study samples were distributed in male and female sex groups by discriminate function analysis. Total lengths were measured with the help of an osteometric board.Results: A total number of two hundred (200) fully ossified dry human left tibia of unknown sex were analyzed. The mean (±SD) values of total length were greater in male (38.82 ± 2.94) cm than female (33.48 ± 1.68) which was statically significant (p< 0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion the total length is greater in male compared to female.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research 2018;5(1):7-10

First report of wing dimorphism in the genus Orthomus (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

SummaryWing polymorphism has been reported for several carabid beetles. Traditionally, a great number of ecological and evolutionary studies have focused on this peculiarity, which has implications on dispersal power. Research based on Orthomus berytensis specimens from two sampling areas of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) has shown that this species exhibits a wing dimorphism, instead of being brachypterous. This makes O. berytensis the first Orthomus wing dimorphic species to date. Statistical differences in macropterous percentage between both sexes and localities were found. Also, a sexual dimorphism in elytra length and width was found, both being higher in females.

Root Length: As a determinant tool of sexual dimorphism in an ethnic Tamil population.

Background:Sexual dimorphism in teeth has been an area of research for forensic anthropologists. The function of root in transmitting the forces of occlusion to the alveolar bone varies as the force in males tends to be larger than in females. This shows the significance of the root length as indicators of sexual dimorphism.Aim:The aim of this study was to determine the presence of sexual dimorphism in the root lengths of permanent teeth and to evaluate if root length could be instrumental in defining sexual dimorphism among an ethnic Tamil population.Materials and Methods:Orthopantomograms of 1000 individuals (500 males and 500 females) were utilized, and the measurement of root length of permanent maxillary and mandibular teeth from canine to first molar on all four quadrants using the Digital software SCANORA 5.2.6. was carried out. Statistical analysis including descriptive statistics and independent Student t-test were performed.Results:In this study, the sexual dimorphism in root length is observed in 13, 14, 15, 16, 23, 26, 33, 36, 43, and 46 (mesial), and there is a statistically significant difference between the root measurements of males and females (P < 0.05). Most dimorphic teeth were maxillary canines and mandibular canines.Conclusion:The data generated from this study suggest that the root length measurements present with a substantial evidence of sexual dimorphism emphasizing its importance on identifying sex and are therefore useful in determining the biological profile.

Sexually dimorphic swallows have higher extinction risk.

The effect of sexual selection on extinction risk remains unclear. In theory, sexual selection can lead to both increase and decrease extinction probability depending on the ecology of the study system. Thus, combining different groups might obscure patterns that can be found in groups that share similar ecological features. Using phylogenetic comparative analysis, we studied sexual plumage dimorphism in relation to the perceived risk of extinction in hirundines (subfamily: Hirundininae), in which all species are socially monogamous aerial foragers. Among the 72 species studied, five species are facing a perceived threat of extinction. Species with sexually dimorphic plumage had a higher risk of extinction than did species with sexually monomorphic plumage. Likewise, when focusing solely on tail ornamentation, species that exhibit a sexual dimorphism in tail length had a higher risk of extinction than did other species. In Hirundininae, which are affected a great deal by severe weather, sexual selection and the resultant sexual dimorphism would increase extinction risk.

Sexual Dimorphism and Estimation of Height from Body Length Anthropometric Parameters among the Hausa Ethnic Group of Nigeria

The study was carried out to investigate the sexual dimorphism in length and other anthropometric parameters. To also generate formulae for height estimation using anthropometric measurements of some length parameters among Hausa ethnic group of Kaduna State, Nigeria. A cross sectional study was conducted and a total of 500 subjects participated in this study which was mainly secondary school students between the age ranges of 16-27 years, anthropometric measurements were obtained using standard protocols. It was observed that there was significant sexual dimorphism in all the parameters except for body mass index. In all the parameters males tend to have significantly (P < 0.05) higher mean values except biaxillary distances. Height showed positive and strongest correlations with demispan length, followed by knee height, thigh length, sitting height, hand length, foot length, humeral length, forearm length and weight respectively. There were weak and positive correlations between height and neck length as well as biaxillary length. The demi span length showed the strongest correlation coefficient and low standard error of estimate indicating the strong estimation ability than other parameters. The combination of two parameters tends to give better estimations and low standard error of estimates, so also combining the three parameters gives better estimations with a lower standard error of estimates. The better correlation coefficient was also observed with the double and triple parameters respectively. Male Hausa tend to have larger body proportion compared to female. Height showed positive and strongest correlations with demispan length. Body length anthropometric proved to be useful in estimation of stature among Hausa ethnic group of Kaduna state Nigeria.

Female polymorphism in Chilothrips strobilus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), with the first description of the male.

Polymorphism and sexual dimorphism are common in insects. Thrips have been reported to exhibit intraspecific variation in body size, color and wing length (Mound 2005), also sexual dimorphism in abdominal pore plates, antennal sensoria and fore leg armature (Tyagi et al. 2008). Chilothrips Hood is a small genus that currently comprises seven species (ThripsWiki 2017), three from USA, one from Japan, and three from China. No male has been reported in the three species from China, C. strobilus, C. jiuxiensis and C. hangzhouensis (Hu & Feng 2015), and C. strobilus was described on three female specimens from cones of Pinus in Liaoning Province, northeastern China (Tong & Zhang, 1994). Recently, we have surveyed different parts of northeastern China and collected many male individuals of C. strobilus. We have observed that this species shows sexual dimorphism in mouth cone length, and remarkable variation in form of abdominal segment X among females.

Sexual Size Dimorphism On Some Penaeid Shrimp In Sudanese Red Sea

في البحر الأحمر السوداني ، أجريت العلاقات الشكلية للروبيان على بعض أنواع Penaeid: Penaeus monodon ، Penaeus indicus ، Penaeus semisulcatus ، Metapenaeus monoceros ، Trachypenaeus curvirostris و Metapenaeus stebbingi. كانت الإناث أكبر من الذكور في جميع الأنواع المدروسة ، وكان أكبر الأنواع P. semisulcatus وأصغرها هو Trachypenaeus curvirostris والذي كان وزنه 6 جرام كحد أقصى خلال الدراسة. الجدول 1. تم الحصول على بعض قياسات الجسم تشوه الشكل الجنسي في جميع القياسات الشكلية لكل من P. semisulcatus و T. curvirostris. ومع ذلك ، لا يوجد تشوه جنسي في القياسات الشكلية لـ P. monodons ، في تشوه الشكل الجنسي M. monoceros في قياسات الطول وفي P. indicus فقط في الطول الإجمالي. تختلف علاقة الطول والوزن بالجمبري المدروس حسب الجنس. يظهر كلا الجنسين من T. curvirostris و P. semisulcatus ازدواج الشكل الجنسي في الطول الكلي وطول الدرع ووزن الجسم ، في P. monodon لم يكن ازدواج الشكل الجنسي ، وكان مثنوية الشكل الجنسي P. indicus في قياسات الطول وفي M. monoceros فقط في وزن الجسم .

Sex Determination According to the Lengths of Hand Bones in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta).

Measurement of hand bone length has been used for sex determination in humans and nonhuman primates (McFadden and Bracht: Early Hum Dev 85 (2009) 117-124; El-Morsi and Al-Hawary: J Forensic Leg Med 20 (2013) 6-13). The aim of this study was to determine the sex of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on the basis of the lengths of corresponding rows of metacarpals and phalanges in a macaque population by means of developing discriminant functions. Measurements on direct dry bones only included lengths for 19 bones of the left hand in 39 macaques (consisting of 13 adult males and 26 adult females). The results revealed that the mean values of males were significantly greater than those of females for all of the metacarpals and phalanges. The results were obtained in 84.4% of accuracy from distal phalanges, 93.8% from middle phalanges, and 96.9% from both metacarpals and proximal phalanges, respectively. There was a remarkable difference in the magnitude of sex dimorphism in lengths of each section of the hand bones between the population of macaques and humans. This difference may be attributable to the interaction between genetic factors and various environmental factors. As sex differences of hand bones are population-specific (Lazenby: Am J phys Anthropol 118 (2002) 378-384; Lu, Huo, Shi, Peng, Dang, Jiao, Zhu, Zhong, and Chen: Acta Aantomica Sinica 39 (2008) 267-271; Eshak, Ahmed, and Gawad: J Forensic Leg Med 18 (2011) 246-252), the discriminant equations for all of the metacarpals and phalanges are applicable to the population of Macaca mulatta from the Taihang Mountain. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1741-1746, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Morphological signatures of high-altitude adaptations in the Andean archaeological record: Distinguishing developmental plasticity and natural selection

High-altitude hypoxia is one of many environmental stressors affecting human populations in the highland Andes. Living highland Andeans show adaptive physiological responses to these conditions through both developmental plasticity and natural selection. Given the longevity of human settlement in this region, these same responses ought to have affected ancient Andeans. This paper tests whether developmental plasticity or natural selection best explains the morphological signatures of adaptations to high-altitude hypoxia in ancient highland Andeans. I compare four groups of skeletons: two groups from lowland regions and two groups from high elevations. Previous work shows that the two highland groups have small bodies and voluminous ribs compared with the lowland groups indicating morphological adaptations to high-altitude environments. This paper compares patterns of intrinsic variation and sexual dimorphism in body size, limb lengths, and rib morphology in highland and lowland groups to test if developmental plasticity or natural selection underlies these morphological differences. The four groups share similar patterns of sexual dimorphism and intrinsic variation in body size and limb lengths. The two highland samples show greater degrees of sexual dimorphism in rib morphology than the lowlanders. Patterns of intrinsic variation in rib morphology do not sort by altitude. Both natural selection and developmental plasticity in response to high-altitude hypoxia likely shaped skeletal morphology in ancient highland Andeans.

Reproductive biology of the cockfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus (Chondrichthyes: Callorhinchidae), in coastal waters of the northern Argentinean Sea

ABSTRACT The cockfish, Callorhinchus callorynchus, is a widely distributed holocephalan in the south-western Atlantic and an important resource for Argentinean fisheries. The reproductive characteristics of this species were studied in northern Argentinean coastal waters, where specimens arrive seasonally (winter-spring). Sexual dimorphism in maximum precaudal length (PCL) and total body mass (TM) was found, being females (PCL=630 mm; TM=3330 g; n=167) larger and heavier than males (PCL=482 mm; TM=1630 g; n=19). Maturity size for females was 466.22 mm PCL, representing 74% PCL of the largest female sampled. The mean number of ovarian follicles was 8.37 (± 4.84). The highest values of ovarian follicles diameter, gonadosomatic and oviducalsomatic indices were found in spring. A high proportion of mature females (44%) had atretic ovarian follicles, suggesting that they were in the resting stage of their reproductive cycle. The low number of mature males recorded and the absence of mature females with spermatophore masses or egg cases indicate that the study area would not be a reproductive zone. The seasonal presence of C. callorynchus in this region could be related to trophic movements. These results, obtained in an area with high fishing pressure on chondrichthyans, will be useful for implementing conservation and management measures.

Morphological variation of Philodryas patagoniensis (Girard, 1858) (Serpentes, Dipsadidae) from Brazil, based on the study of pholidosis, coloration and morphometric features

Abstract The current study aimed to verify the relationship between the patterns of coloration, the morphometrical features and pholidosis of specimens of Philodryas patagoniensis from Brazil, with the sexual dimorphism of this species. We studied specimens of P. patagoniensis deposited in several herpetological collections from Brazil. A total of 355 specimens were analyzed, of these 145 were males (87 adults and 58 juveniles) and 210 were females (134 adults and 76 juveniles). Adult specimens exhibit sexual dimorphism in snout-vent length, tail length, head length, number of ventral shields, and number of subcaudal shields. The analysis of variance showed that the adult females are significantly longer than adult males, both at snout-vent length and tail length. Females have a greater number of ventral shields (138-210) than males (151-200). The specimens studied also exhibit two distinct patterns of coloration unrelated to geographical or sexual variations.

It is lonely at the front: contrasting evolutionary trajectories in male and female invaders.

Invasive species often exhibit rapid evolutionary changes, and can provide powerful insights into the selective forces shaping phenotypic traits that influence dispersal rates and/or sexual interactions. Invasions also may modify sexual dimorphism. We measured relative lengths of forelimbs and hindlimbs of more than 3000 field-caught adult cane toads (Rhinella marina) from 67 sites in Hawai'i and Australia (1–80 years post-colonization), along with 489 captive-bred individuals from multiple Australian sites raised in a ‘common garden’ (to examine heritability and reduce environmental influences on morphology). As cane toads spread from east to west across Australia, the ancestral condition (long limbs, especially in males) was modified. Limb length relative to body size was first reduced (perhaps owing to natural selection on locomotor ability), but then increased again (perhaps owing to spatial sorting) in the invasion vanguard. In contrast, the sex disparity in relative limb length has progressively decreased during the toads' Australian invasion. Offspring reared in a common environment exhibited similar geographical divergences in morphology as did wild-caught animals, suggesting a genetic basis to the changes. Limb dimensions showed significant heritability (2–17%), consistent with the possibility of an evolved response. Cane toad populations thus have undergone a major shift in sexual dimorphism in relative limb lengths during their brief (81 years) spread through tropical Australia.

Reproductive biology of the two deep-sea chimaerids, longnose spookfish (Harriotta raleighana) and Pacific spookfish (Rhinochimaera pacifica)

The family Rhinochimaeridae, the long-nose chimaerids, consists of eight species across three genera, two of which occur in New Zealand waters. Very little is known about the biology of the rhinochimaerids. Longnose spookfish, (Harriotta raleighana, Goode and Bean, 1895), and Pacific spookfish, (Rhinochimaera pacifica,Mitsukuri, 1895), were collected from research trawl surveys and by commercial fishing vessels around New Zealand at depths between 400 and 1300m. A total of 300H. raleighana were caught which varied in length from 18.7 to 90.4cm chimaera length (CL), and 168R. pacifica at lengths of 20.9–139.9cm CL. External assessment of male claspers and female gonad mass and oviducal gland width were the best indicators for maturity. Both species matured at a large proportion of their maximum length. Length at maturity was estimated at 62.8cm CL and 75.8cm CL for male and female H. raleighana respectively, and 105.3cm CL and 125.0cm CL for male and female R. pacifica. Fecundity was low and measured up to 27 eggs for H. raleighana, and 31 eggs for R. pacifica. Sperm storage was confirmed in females of both species. Sexual dimorphism in snout length was found in H. raleighana, where male relative snout size increased at sexual maturity, suggesting the snout is a secondary sexual characteristic. This study contributes to a better understanding of the life histories of H. raleighana and R. pacifica and their vulnerability to exploitation as fisheries bycatch.

Hidden diversity in deep-water bandfishes: review of Owstonia withdescriptions of twenty-one new species (Teleostei: Cepolidae: Owstoniinae).

The bandfish family Cepolidae, comprising the subfamilies Owstoniinae and Cepolinae, is characterized, and defining characters of the three groups are identified and discussed. Characters of larvae of both subfamilies are described and illustrated. Six nominal genera of owstoniines had been proposed by various authors, but we recognize only Owstonia Tanaka. Utility of selected identification characters of the genus are discussed. Differences in lateral-line patterns have been the primary character used by some recent authors for recognition of two owstoniine genera, with Sphenanthias Weber possessing the plesiomorphic lateral-line condition. Several other patterns also occur in these fishes bringing into question the phylogenetic significance of lateral line plasticity. Sexual dimorphism in pelvic fin lengths is also present in several species. Identification keys, descriptions, synonymies, distribution maps and photographs or illustrations are provided for all Owstonia species for which adults are available. Although only 15 valid species were previously known, a remarkable hidden diversity of these fishes was discovered in major museum collections with the following 21 species here described as new: O. ainonaka (eastern Australia), O. contodon (Philippines), O. crassa (New Caledonia and Solomon Islands), O. dispar (Solomon Islands), O. elongata (New Caledonia and Vanuatu), O. fallax (eastern Australia and New Caledonia), O. geminata (Vanuatu and Philippines), O. hastata (eastern Australia), O. hawaiiensis (Hawaiian Islands); O. ignota (Mariana Islands), O. lepiota (Tanzania), O. melanoptera (Philippines), O. merensis (eastern Australia, Torres Strait), O. mundyi (Kiribati, Christmas Island), O. nalani (eastern Australia and New Caledonia), O. nudibucca (eastern Indian Ocean, Mentawai Islands and off Myanmar), O. psilos (Western Australia), O. raredonae (Mozambique), O. rhamma (Vanuatu), O. scottensis (Western Australia, Scott Reefs) and O. similis (Madagascar). Several specimens based on small juveniles, which we describe as Owstonia sp., appear to be additional new species but are not formally described as such.

Variation in morphological characters of the dice snake Natrix tessellata (Reptilia, Colubridae) in the Central and Southern Dnieper River Area

The dice snake Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) is one of the common snake species in the Southern Palaearctic and North Africa. In the Central and Southern Dnieper River basin the dice snake is one of the most numerous and characteristic species. Relative isolation and the varying influence of environmental factors are known to be a motive force behind epigenetic divergence between populations. In populations of N. tessellata this divergence can be manifest in the form of morphometric and phenetic peculiarities. Research into these parameters of dice snake populations in terms of anthropogenic influence on habitats along a latitude gradient is essential. In the Central and Southern parts of the Dnieper River basin such studies are of great importance for the monitoring of populations and for further indicative purposes. The aim of our study is to characterize the morphometric features of N. tessellata in this area and to determine the variability of these parameters in the snake populations under varying intensities of anthropogenic influence. The snakes were collected in 2013–2016 from the territory adjacent to the Prydniprovska Thermal Power Plant, from the Maiorova gully (Maiorka village, Dnipropetrovsk region) and the National Nature Park “Velykyi Lug” (Zaporizhia region). The following morphometric parameters were recorded: snout-vent length (SVL), tail length (TL), the number of ventral scales (V), and the number of subcaudal scales (SBC), the number of scale rows at mid-body (MBS), the number of supralabial scales (SLS), the number of temporal scales (TS), and the number of postocular scales (POS). All the tested parameters generally correspond to the limits known for this species from the literature. Nevertheless , some geographic peculiarities in variability of the tail length and number of subcaudal scales were identified. According to data from the literature, the southern populations of the dice snake are distinguished by an increase in the number of subcaudal scales . The studied dice snake populations were characterized by some sexual dimorphism in the snout-vent length, tail length and the number of subcaudal scales. A higher percentage of bilateral asymmetry in snakes from the population close to the Prydniprovska TPP was found. Such changes are usually considered to be an indicator of a certain destabilization of the embryogenesis.

Sexual dimorphism in ratio of second and fourth phalanges and metacarpals: A retrospective study

Introduction: There are many features in humans which exhibit sexual dimorphism. A unique feature showing this gender differentiation is the ratio of lengths of index and ring fingers. Sexual dimorphism in finger lengths has been studied across the globe, wherein ethnic and racial variations in digit ratio have been reported. Our studywas conducted in the central Indian population, where no such study was done till now. Aim: To study the prevalence of sexual dimorphism in central Indian population using ratio of phalangeal and metacarpal length of index and ring fingers. Methodology: This is a retrospective radiological study done on left hand of 42 males and 49 females of age 20 years and above. The lengths of phalanges and metacarpals of index and ring fingers were measured on X rays films and their ratios were taken and analyzed statistically. Result: There were no statistically significant variations observed in the ratios of the index and ring fingers between the two sexes in the data taken from central Indian population.

Morphometric Study and Sexual Dimorphism of Percutaneous Tibial Length in Indian Race

Background: “Anthropometry” includes the different techniques which express the human body and its parts in quantitative manner. Hence, this technique is considered as one of the useful and most applicable, non-invasive and also inexpensive technique worldwide. For the establishment of size of the body and also in sexual dimorphism this technique has been used by the anthropologist for many years. Aim: this study is undertaken to show sexual dimorphism in percutaneous tibial length in Indian race. Methods: The study was carried out on 200 subjects (100 male and 100 female) among the population of India. Percutaneous tibial length was measured with the help of spreading caliper. The data was collected and analyzed statistically. Results: Our study shows no significant difference between the Right and left PCTL in male and female among Indian races. Mean right PCT: Male ‐ 37.82±1.99, Female ‐ 34.84±1.91, Mean left PCT: Male ‐ 37.79±1.98, Female ‐ 34.79±1.89. The percutaneous tibial length was significantly high in males as compared to females. Conclusion: The present study reveals that there is no statistical significance difference occurs between the right and left percutaneous tibial length among male and female. It also shows that the percutaneous tibial length of male is significantly higher than female in the Indian race.